# Keyword ref[−][src]

Bind by reference during pattern matching.

`ref` annotates pattern bindings to make them borrow rather than move. It is not a part of the pattern as far as matching is concerned: it does not affect whether a value is matched, only how it is matched.

By default, `match` statements consume all they can, which can sometimes be a problem, when you don’t really need the value to be moved and owned:

ⓘ

    let maybe_name = Some(String::from("Alice"));
    // The variable 'maybe_name' is consumed here ...
    match maybe_name {
        Some(n) => println!("Hello, {}", n),
        _ => println!("Hello, world"),
    }
    // ... and is now unavailable.
    println!("Hello again, {}", maybe_name.unwrap_or("world".into()));

Run

Using the `ref` keyword, the value is only borrowed, not moved, making it available for use after the `match` statement:

    let maybe_name = Some(String::from("Alice"));
    // Using `ref`, the value is borrowed, not moved ...
    match maybe_name {
        Some(ref n) => println!("Hello, {}", n),
        _ => println!("Hello, world"),
    }
    // ... so it's available here!
    println!("Hello again, {}", maybe_name.unwrap_or("world".into()));

Run

# `&` vs `ref`

- `&` denotes that your pattern expects a reference to an object. Hence `&` is a part of said pattern: `&Foo` matches different objects than `Foo` does.

- `ref` indicates that you want a reference to an unpacked value. It is not matched against: `Foo(ref foo)` matches the same objects as `Foo(foo)`.

See also the Reference for more information.