1.0.0[][src]Trait std::clone::Clone

#[lang = "clone"]
pub trait Clone {
#[must_use = "cloning is often expensive and is not expected to have side effects"]
fn clone(&self) -> Self; fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self) { ... } }

A common trait for the ability to explicitly duplicate an object.

Differs from Copy in that Copy is implicit and extremely inexpensive, while Clone is always explicit and may or may not be expensive. In order to enforce these characteristics, Rust does not allow you to reimplement Copy, but you may reimplement Clone and run arbitrary code.

Since Clone is more general than Copy, you can automatically make anything Copy be Clone as well.

Derivable

This trait can be used with #[derive] if all fields are Clone. The derived implementation of clone calls clone on each field.

How can I implement Clone?

Types that are Copy should have a trivial implementation of Clone. More formally: if T: Copy, x: T, and y: &T, then let x = y.clone(); is equivalent to let x = *y;. Manual implementations should be careful to uphold this invariant; however, unsafe code must not rely on it to ensure memory safety.

An example is an array holding more than 32 elements of a type that is Clone; the standard library only implements Clone up until arrays of size 32. In this case, the implementation of Clone cannot be derived, but can be implemented as:

#[derive(Copy)]
struct Stats {
   frequencies: [i32; 100],
}

impl Clone for Stats {
    fn clone(&self) -> Stats { *self }
}Run

Additional implementors

In addition to the implementors listed below, the following types also implement Clone:

Required Methods

Returns a copy of the value.

Examples

let hello = "Hello"; // &str implements Clone

assert_eq!("Hello", hello.clone());Run

Provided Methods

Performs copy-assignment from source.

a.clone_from(&b) is equivalent to a = b.clone() in functionality, but can be overridden to reuse the resources of a to avoid unnecessary allocations.

Implementations on Foreign Types

impl Clone for TryFromSliceError
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Implementors

impl<H> Clone for BuildHasherDefault<H>
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impl<Idx> Clone for RangeToInclusive<Idx> where
    Idx: Clone
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impl<'a, T, P> Clone for std::slice::RSplit<'a, T, P> where
    P: Clone + FnMut(&T) -> bool,
    T: 'a + Clone
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Important traits for RSplit<'a, T, P>

impl<'a, P> Clone for RSplitTerminator<'a, P> where
    P: Pattern<'a>,
    <P as Pattern<'a>>::Searcher: Clone
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Important traits for RSplitTerminator<'a, P>

impl<I, F> Clone for Inspect<I, F> where
    F: Clone,
    I: Clone
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Important traits for Inspect<I, F>

impl Clone for ParseIntError
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impl Clone for SipHasher
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impl Clone for NonZeroUsize
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impl Clone for usize
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impl<'a, P> Clone for RSplitN<'a, P> where
    P: Pattern<'a>,
    <P as Pattern<'a>>::Searcher: Clone
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Important traits for RSplitN<'a, P>

impl Clone for Duration
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impl<'a, F> Clone for CharPredicateSearcher<'a, F> where
    F: Clone + FnMut(char) -> bool
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impl<T> Clone for *const T where
    T: ?Sized
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impl Clone for LocalWaker
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impl Clone for SearchStep
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impl<Idx> Clone for RangeInclusive<Idx> where
    Idx: Clone
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Important traits for RangeInclusive<A>

impl Clone for u128
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impl Clone for LayoutErr
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impl<T> Clone for *mut T where
    T: ?Sized
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impl<T> Clone for Option<T> where
    T: Clone
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impl<'a> Clone for SplitWhitespace<'a>
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Important traits for SplitWhitespace<'a>

impl<'a, T> Clone for Windows<'a, T>
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Important traits for Windows<'a, T>

impl<Y, R> Clone for GeneratorState<Y, R> where
    R: Clone,
    Y: Clone
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impl<I> Clone for Enumerate<I> where
    I: Clone
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Important traits for Enumerate<I>

impl<'a, T> Clone for std::slice::Iter<'a, T>
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Important traits for Iter<'a, T>

impl<'a, T> Clone for std::result::Iter<'a, T>
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Important traits for Iter<'a, T>

impl Clone for f64
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impl Clone for i64
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impl<T> Clone for Wrapping<T> where
    T: Clone
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impl Clone for ToLowercase
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Important traits for ToLowercase

impl Clone for FpCategory
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impl<T> Clone for RefCell<T> where
    T: Clone
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Panics

Panics if the value is currently mutably borrowed.

impl Clone for NonZeroU32
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impl<I, U> Clone for Flatten<I> where
    I: Iterator + Clone,
    U: Iterator + Clone,
    <I as Iterator>::Item: IntoIterator,
    <<I as Iterator>::Item as IntoIterator>::IntoIter == U,
    <<I as Iterator>::Item as IntoIterator>::Item == <U as Iterator>::Item
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Important traits for Flatten<I>

impl<I, P> Clone for Filter<I, P> where
    I: Clone,
    P: Clone
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Important traits for Filter<I, P>

impl<T> Clone for Bound<T> where
    T: Clone
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impl<'a, P> Clone for Matches<'a, P> where
    P: Pattern<'a>,
    <P as Pattern<'a>>::Searcher: Clone
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Important traits for Matches<'a, P>

impl Clone for i16
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impl Clone for bool
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impl Clone for NonZeroU8
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impl<T> Clone for Poll<T> where
    T: Clone
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impl Clone for u64
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impl<'a> Clone for EncodeUtf16<'a>
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Important traits for EncodeUtf16<'a>

impl Clone for std::cmp::Ordering
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impl<'a> Clone for Bytes<'a>
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Important traits for Bytes<'a>

impl Clone for ParseCharError
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impl<'a, T, P> Clone for std::slice::Split<'a, T, P> where
    P: Clone + FnMut(&T) -> bool
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Important traits for Split<'a, T, P>

impl<T> Clone for Discriminant<T>
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impl<I> Clone for Cloned<I> where
    I: Clone
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Important traits for Cloned<I>

impl<I, F> Clone for Map<I, F> where
    F: Clone,
    I: Clone
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Important traits for Map<I, F>

impl<A, B> Clone for Zip<A, B> where
    A: Clone,
    B: Clone
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Important traits for Zip<A, B>

impl<T> Clone for Reverse<T> where
    T: Clone
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impl<Idx> Clone for std::ops::Range<Idx> where
    Idx: Clone
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Important traits for Range<A>

impl Clone for Waker
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impl Clone for f32
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impl Clone for DecodeUtf16Error
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impl<A> Clone for std::option::IntoIter<A> where
    A: Clone
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Important traits for IntoIter<A>

impl<I> Clone for Take<I> where
    I: Clone
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Important traits for Take<I>

impl<'a> Clone for SplitAsciiWhitespace<'a>
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Important traits for SplitAsciiWhitespace<'a>

impl<T> Clone for Cell<T> where
    T: Copy
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impl<'a, P> Clone for MatchIndices<'a, P> where
    P: Pattern<'a>,
    <P as Pattern<'a>>::Searcher: Clone
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Important traits for MatchIndices<'a, P>

impl Clone for u32
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impl<I, U, F> Clone for FlatMap<I, U, F> where
    F: Clone,
    I: Clone,
    U: Clone + IntoIterator,
    <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter: Clone
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Important traits for FlatMap<I, U, F>

impl<T> Clone for std::result::IntoIter<T> where
    T: Clone
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Important traits for IntoIter<T>

impl<I> Clone for Fuse<I> where
    I: Clone
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Important traits for Fuse<I>

impl<A> Clone for Repeat<A> where
    A: Clone
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Important traits for Repeat<A>

impl Clone for Error
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impl<Idx> Clone for RangeTo<Idx> where
    Idx: Clone
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impl Clone for ParseFloatError
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impl<'a, P> Clone for std::str::RSplit<'a, P> where
    P: Pattern<'a>,
    <P as Pattern<'a>>::Searcher: Clone
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Important traits for RSplit<'a, P>

impl<I> Clone for StepBy<I> where
    I: Clone
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Important traits for StepBy<I>

impl<I> Clone for Peekable<I> where
    I: Clone + Iterator,
    <I as Iterator>::Item: Clone
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Important traits for Peekable<I>

impl Clone for NonZeroU16
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impl Clone for CannotReallocInPlace
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impl<Idx> Clone for RangeFrom<Idx> where
    Idx: Clone
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Important traits for RangeFrom<A>

impl Clone for Utf8Error
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impl Clone for EscapeUnicode
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Important traits for EscapeUnicode

impl Clone for ParseBoolError
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impl<'a, P> Clone for SplitTerminator<'a, P> where
    P: Pattern<'a>,
    <P as Pattern<'a>>::Searcher: Clone
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Important traits for SplitTerminator<'a, P>

impl<I> Clone for Skip<I> where
    I: Clone
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Important traits for Skip<I>

impl<I, F> Clone for FilterMap<I, F> where
    F: Clone,
    I: Clone
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Important traits for FilterMap<I, F>

impl<I, St, F> Clone for Scan<I, St, F> where
    F: Clone,
    I: Clone,
    St: Clone
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Important traits for Scan<I, St, F>

impl<'a, P> Clone for std::str::Split<'a, P> where
    P: Pattern<'a>,
    <P as Pattern<'a>>::Searcher: Clone
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Important traits for Split<'a, P>

impl<T> Clone for Once<T> where
    T: Clone
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Important traits for Once<T>

impl Clone for !
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impl<T> Clone for PhantomData<T> where
    T: ?Sized
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impl<'a, T> Clone for &'a T where
    T: ?Sized
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Important traits for &'a mut I

impl<T, E> Clone for Result<T, E> where
    E: Clone,
    T: Clone
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impl<I, P> Clone for SkipWhile<I, P> where
    I: Clone,
    P: Clone
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Important traits for SkipWhile<I, P>

impl<'a, 'b> Clone for StrSearcher<'a, 'b>
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impl<'a, P> Clone for RMatchIndices<'a, P> where
    P: Pattern<'a>,
    <P as Pattern<'a>>::Searcher: Clone
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Important traits for RMatchIndices<'a, P>

impl Clone for TypeId
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impl Clone for ToUppercase
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Important traits for ToUppercase

impl<A, B> Clone for Chain<A, B> where
    A: Clone,
    B: Clone
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Important traits for Chain<A, B>

impl Clone for TraitObject
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impl Clone for u8
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impl<I, P> Clone for TakeWhile<I, P> where
    I: Clone,
    P: Clone
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Important traits for TakeWhile<I, P>

impl Clone for CharTryFromError
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impl<'a> Clone for CharSearcher<'a>
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impl<'a, 'b> Clone for CharSliceSearcher<'a, 'b>
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impl<'a> Clone for Lines<'a>
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Important traits for Lines<'a>

impl<'a, T> Clone for ExactChunks<'a, T>
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Important traits for ExactChunks<'a, T>

impl Clone for EscapeDefault
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Important traits for EscapeDefault

impl Clone for Pinned
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impl Clone for i8
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impl Clone for RangeFull
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impl Clone for char
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impl<'a, A> Clone for std::option::Iter<'a, A>
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Important traits for Iter<'a, A>

impl Clone for std::sync::atomic::Ordering
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impl Clone for i32
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impl Clone for i128
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impl Clone for u16
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impl<'a> Clone for Chars<'a>
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Important traits for Chars<'a>

impl<'a> Clone for LinesAny<'a>
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Important traits for LinesAny<'a>

impl<I> Clone for DecodeUtf16<I> where
    I: Clone + Iterator<Item = u16>, 
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Important traits for DecodeUtf16<I>

impl<T> Clone for Rev<T> where
    T: Clone
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Important traits for Rev<I>

impl Clone for NonZeroU128
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impl<'a, P> Clone for SplitN<'a, P> where
    P: Pattern<'a>,
    <P as Pattern<'a>>::Searcher: Clone
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Important traits for SplitN<'a, P>

impl Clone for NoneError
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impl<F> Clone for RepeatWith<F> where
    F: Clone
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Important traits for RepeatWith<F>

impl<'a, T> Clone for Chunks<'a, T>
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Important traits for Chunks<'a, T>

impl Clone for EscapeDebug
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Important traits for EscapeDebug

impl<'a> Clone for Arguments<'a>
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impl Clone for TryFromIntError
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impl Clone for UnicodeVersion
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impl Clone for Layout
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impl Clone for AllocErr
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impl Clone for isize
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impl<T> Clone for ManuallyDrop<T> where
    T: Clone + ?Sized
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impl<'a, P> Clone for RMatches<'a, P> where
    P: Pattern<'a>,
    <P as Pattern<'a>>::Searcher: Clone
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Important traits for RMatches<'a, P>

impl Clone for NonZeroU64
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impl<I> Clone for Cycle<I> where
    I: Clone
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Important traits for Cycle<I>

impl<T> Clone for NonNull<T> where
    T: ?Sized
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impl<'a> Clone for CharIndices<'a>
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Important traits for CharIndices<'a>

impl<T> Clone for Empty<T>
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Important traits for Empty<T>

impl<'a, K, V> Clone for std::collections::btree_map::Iter<'a, K, V>
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Important traits for Iter<'a, K, V>

impl<T> Clone for std::rc::Weak<T> where
    T: ?Sized
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Makes a clone of the Weak pointer that points to the same value.

Examples

use std::rc::{Rc, Weak};

let weak_five = Rc::downgrade(&Rc::new(5));

Weak::clone(&weak_five);Run

impl<T> Clone for Rc<T> where
    T: ?Sized
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Makes a clone of the Rc pointer.

This creates another pointer to the same inner value, increasing the strong reference count.

Examples

use std::rc::Rc;

let five = Rc::new(5);

Rc::clone(&five);Run

impl<T> Clone for LinkedList<T> where
    T: Clone
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impl<'a, T> Clone for std::collections::linked_list::Iter<'a, T>
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Important traits for Iter<'a, T>

impl<'a, T> Clone for std::collections::vec_deque::Iter<'a, T>
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Important traits for Iter<'a, T>

impl<'a, K, V> Clone for std::collections::btree_map::Keys<'a, K, V>
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Important traits for Keys<'a, K, V>

impl<T> Clone for std::sync::Weak<T> where
    T: ?Sized
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Makes a clone of the Weak pointer that points to the same value.

Examples

use std::sync::{Arc, Weak};

let weak_five = Arc::downgrade(&Arc::new(5));

Weak::clone(&weak_five);Run

impl<'a, T> Clone for std::collections::btree_set::Iter<'a, T>
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Important traits for Iter<'a, T>

impl<'a, T> Clone for std::collections::btree_set::Intersection<'a, T>
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Important traits for Intersection<'a, T>

impl<T> Clone for Vec<T> where
    T: Clone
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Important traits for Vec<u8>

impl<T> Clone for std::collections::vec_deque::IntoIter<T> where
    T: Clone
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Important traits for IntoIter<T>

impl<T> Clone for Arc<T> where
    T: ?Sized
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Makes a clone of the Arc pointer.

This creates another pointer to the same inner value, increasing the strong reference count.

Examples

use std::sync::Arc;

let five = Arc::new(5);

Arc::clone(&five);Run

impl<T> Clone for std::vec::IntoIter<T> where
    T: Clone
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Important traits for IntoIter<T>

impl<'a, K, V> Clone for std::collections::btree_map::Values<'a, K, V>
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Important traits for Values<'a, K, V>

impl<T> Clone for std::collections::linked_list::IntoIter<T> where
    T: Clone
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Important traits for IntoIter<T>

impl<T> Clone for BTreeSet<T> where
    T: Clone
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impl<'a, T> Clone for std::collections::btree_set::Range<'a, T>
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Important traits for Range<'a, T>

impl Clone for ParseError
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impl<'a, K, V> Clone for std::collections::btree_map::Range<'a, K, V>
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Important traits for Range<'a, K, V>

impl<'a, T> Clone for std::collections::btree_set::Union<'a, T>
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Important traits for Union<'a, T>

impl<'a, T> Clone for std::collections::binary_heap::Iter<'a, T>
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Important traits for Iter<'a, T>

impl Clone for CollectionAllocErr
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impl<T> Clone for std::collections::binary_heap::IntoIter<T> where
    T: Clone
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Important traits for IntoIter<T>

impl<T> Clone for BinaryHeap<T> where
    T: Clone
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impl Clone for String
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impl<T> Clone for Box<[T]> where
    T: Clone
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Important traits for Box<I>

impl Clone for Global
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impl<K, V> Clone for BTreeMap<K, V> where
    K: Clone,
    V: Clone
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impl<'a, B> Clone for Cow<'a, B> where
    B: ToOwned + ?Sized
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impl<T> Clone for Box<T> where
    T: Clone
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Important traits for Box<I>

Returns a new box with a clone() of this box's contents.

Examples

let x = Box::new(5);
let y = x.clone();Run

Copies source's contents into self without creating a new allocation.

Examples

let x = Box::new(5);
let mut y = Box::new(10);

y.clone_from(&x);

assert_eq!(*y, 5);Run

impl<'a, T> Clone for std::collections::btree_set::SymmetricDifference<'a, T>
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Important traits for SymmetricDifference<'a, T>

impl Clone for Box<str>
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Important traits for Box<I>

impl<T> Clone for VecDeque<T> where
    T: Clone
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impl<'a, T> Clone for std::collections::btree_set::Difference<'a, T>
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Important traits for Difference<'a, T>

impl Clone for ThreadId
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impl Clone for Thread
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impl<K: Clone, V: Clone, S: Clone> Clone for HashMap<K, V, S>
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impl<'a, K, V> Clone for std::collections::hash_map::Iter<'a, K, V>
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Important traits for Iter<'a, K, V>

impl<'a, K, V> Clone for std::collections::hash_map::Keys<'a, K, V>
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Important traits for Keys<'a, K, V>

impl<'a, K, V> Clone for std::collections::hash_map::Values<'a, K, V>
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Important traits for Values<'a, K, V>

impl Clone for RandomState
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impl Clone for DefaultHasher
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impl<T: Clone, S: Clone> Clone for HashSet<T, S>
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impl<'a, K> Clone for std::collections::hash_set::Iter<'a, K>
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Important traits for Iter<'a, K>

impl<'a, T, S> Clone for std::collections::hash_set::Intersection<'a, T, S>
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Important traits for Intersection<'a, T, S>

impl<'a, T, S> Clone for std::collections::hash_set::Difference<'a, T, S>
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Important traits for Difference<'a, T, S>

impl<'a, T, S> Clone for std::collections::hash_set::SymmetricDifference<'a, T, S>
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Important traits for SymmetricDifference<'a, T, S>

impl<'a, T, S> Clone for std::collections::hash_set::Union<'a, T, S>
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Important traits for Union<'a, T, S>

impl Clone for VarError
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impl Clone for CString
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impl Clone for NulError
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impl Clone for FromBytesWithNulError
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impl Clone for IntoStringError
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impl Clone for Box<CStr>
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impl Clone for OsString
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impl Clone for Box<OsStr>
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impl Clone for Metadata
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impl Clone for OpenOptions
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impl Clone for Permissions
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impl Clone for FileType
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impl<T: Clone> Clone for Cursor<T>
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Important traits for Cursor<T>

impl Clone for ErrorKind
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impl Clone for SeekFrom
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impl Clone for IpAddr
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impl Clone for Ipv6MulticastScope
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impl Clone for Ipv4Addr
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impl Clone for Ipv6Addr
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impl Clone for std::net::SocketAddr
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impl Clone for SocketAddrV4
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impl Clone for SocketAddrV6
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impl Clone for AddrParseError
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impl Clone for Shutdown
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impl Clone for stat
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impl<'a> Clone for Prefix<'a>
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impl<'a> Clone for PrefixComponent<'a>
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impl<'a> Clone for Component<'a>
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impl<'a> Clone for Components<'a>
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Important traits for Components<'a>

impl<'a> Clone for std::path::Iter<'a>
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Important traits for Iter<'a>

impl<'a> Clone for Ancestors<'a>
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Important traits for Ancestors<'a>

impl Clone for PathBuf
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impl Clone for Box<Path>
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impl Clone for StripPrefixError
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impl Clone for Output
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impl Clone for ExitStatus
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impl Clone for ExitCode
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impl<T: Clone> Clone for SendError<T>
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impl Clone for RecvError
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impl Clone for TryRecvError
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impl Clone for RecvTimeoutError
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impl<T: Clone> Clone for TrySendError<T>
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impl<T> Clone for Sender<T>
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impl<T> Clone for SyncSender<T>
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impl Clone for WaitTimeoutResult
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impl Clone for Instant
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impl Clone for SystemTime
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impl Clone for SystemTimeError
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impl<'a> Clone for EncodeWide<'a>
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Important traits for EncodeWide<'a>

impl Clone for std::os::unix::net::SocketAddr
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