1.0.0[−][src]Trait std::convert::From
pub trait From<T> {
fn from(T) -> Self;
}Simple and safe type conversions in to Self. It is the reciprocal of
Into.
This trait is useful when performing error handling as described by
the book and is closely related to the ? operator.
When constructing a function that is capable of failing the return type
will generally be of the form Result<T, E>.
The From trait allows for simplification of error handling by providing a
means of returning a single error type that encapsulates numerous possible
erroneous situations.
This trait is not limited to error handling, rather the general case for this trait would be in any type conversions to have an explicit definition of how they are performed.
Note: this trait must not fail. If the conversion can fail, use
TryFrom or a dedicated method which returns an Option<T> or a
Result<T, E>.
Generic Implementations
Examples
String implements From<&str>:
let string = "hello".to_string(); let other_string = String::from("hello"); assert_eq!(string, other_string);Run
An example usage for error handling:
use std::io::{self, Read}; use std::num; enum CliError { IoError(io::Error), ParseError(num::ParseIntError), } impl From<io::Error> for CliError { fn from(error: io::Error) -> Self { CliError::IoError(error) } } impl From<num::ParseIntError> for CliError { fn from(error: num::ParseIntError) -> Self { CliError::ParseError(error) } } fn open_and_parse_file(file_name: &str) -> Result<i32, CliError> { let mut file = std::fs::File::open("test")?; let mut contents = String::new(); file.read_to_string(&mut contents)?; let num: i32 = contents.trim().parse()?; Ok(num) }Run
Required Methods
fn from(T) -> Self
Performs the conversion.
Implementations on Foreign Types
impl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for Timpl<T> From for T[src]
impl<T> From for TImplementors
impl From<u32> for AtomicU32impl<T> From<T> for UnsafeCell<T>impl From<bool> for u64impl<'a, T> From<&'a mut T> for NonNull<T> where
T: ?Sized,impl From<u8> for isizeimpl From<u32> for u128impl From<i64> for i128impl From<bool> for u8impl From<u16> for i128impl From<u16> for u128impl From<u32> for i128impl From<u64> for AtomicU64impl From<bool> for i16impl<T> From<*mut T> for AtomicPtr<T>impl From<i8> for isizeimpl From<u16> for f32impl From<u16> for usizeimpl From<i8> for AtomicI8impl From<i8> for i64impl From<bool> for u32impl From<u32> for i64impl From<i16> for i128impl From<u64> for i128impl From<u16> for i64impl From<i32> for i64impl From<u8> for f32impl<T> From<T> for RefCell<T>impl<T> From<T> for Poll<T>impl<T> From<T> for Timpl From<u8> for AtomicU8impl From<bool> for usizeimpl From<u8> for i16impl From<i16> for f32impl From<u8> for i64impl From<bool> for u128impl From<u8> for u128impl From<u16> for u32impl<'a, T> From<FutureObj<'a, T>> for LocalFutureObj<'a, T>impl From<u32> for u64impl<T> From<T> for Cell<T>impl From<bool> for AtomicBoolimpl From<u8> for usizeimpl From<bool> for i8impl From<u8> for u16impl From<i16> for f64impl From<i32> for i128impl From<i16> for i32impl From<i8> for i16impl From<u8> for u32impl From<!> for TryFromIntErrorimpl From<i16> for i64impl From<bool> for isizeimpl<'a, T> From<&'a T> for NonNull<T> where
T: ?Sized,impl From<bool> for i32impl From<isize> for AtomicIsizeimpl From<i32> for f64impl<T> From<T> for Option<T>impl From<bool> for i64impl From<u64> for u128impl From<usize> for AtomicUsizeimpl<T> From<Unique<T>> for NonNull<T> where
T: ?Sized,impl From<u8> for f64impl From<u16> for i32impl From<u32> for f64impl From<i16> for isizeimpl From<u16> for AtomicU16impl From<bool> for i128impl From<i8> for i32impl From<u8> for i128impl From<u8> for charimpl From<i8> for i128impl From<u16> for f64impl From<char> for u32impl From<i8> for f32impl From<LocalWaker> for Wakerimpl From<i64> for AtomicI64impl From<u16> for u64impl From<bool> for u16impl From<u8> for i32impl From<f32> for f64impl From<u8> for u64impl From<i8> for f64impl From<i16> for AtomicI16impl From<i32> for AtomicI32impl<T> From<Arc<T>> for Waker where
T: Wake + 'static,impl<T> From<T> for Arc<T>impl From<String> for Box<str>impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Box<str>impl<'a, T> From<Cow<'a, [T]>> for Vec<T> where
[T]: ToOwned,
<[T] as ToOwned>::Owned == Vec<T>,impl<'a, F> From<Box<F>> for LocalFutureObj<'a, ()> where
F: 'a + Future<Output = ()>,impl From<Box<str>> for Stringimpl<'a, F> From<PinBox<F>> for FutureObj<'a, ()> where
F: 'a + Send + Future<Output = ()>,impl<T> From<T> for Rc<T>impl<'a, T> From<&'a [T]> for Cow<'a, [T]> where
T: Clone,impl<T> From<Box<[T]>> for Vec<T>impl<'a, T> From<&'a [T]> for Box<[T]> where
T: Copy,impl<T> From<Vec<T>> for Box<[T]>impl From<String> for Arc<str>impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Stringimpl<T> From<VecDeque<T>> for Vec<T>impl<T> From<PinBox<T>> for Box<T> where
T: Unpin + ?Sized,impl<T> From<BinaryHeap<T>> for Vec<T>impl<'a, T> From<Vec<T>> for Cow<'a, [T]> where
T: Clone,impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Arc<str>impl<T> From<Box<T>> for PinBox<T> where
T: ?Sized,impl<'a, T> From<&'a [T]> for Vec<T> where
T: Clone,impl<'a> From<&'a String> for Cow<'a, str>impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Vec<u8>impl<T> From<Box<T>> for Arc<T> where
T: ?Sized,impl From<LayoutErr> for CollectionAllocErrimpl From<String> for Vec<u8>impl<'a, T> From<&'a [T]> for Rc<[T]> where
T: Clone,impl From<AllocErr> for CollectionAllocErrimpl<T> From<Vec<T>> for Rc<[T]>impl<T> From<Vec<T>> for BinaryHeap<T> where
T: Ord,impl<'a, T> From<&'a mut [T]> for Vec<T> where
T: Clone,impl<T> From<T> for Box<T>impl<'a> From<String> for Cow<'a, str>impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Cow<'a, str>impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Rc<str>impl From<Box<str>> for Box<[u8]>impl<'a, T> From<&'a Vec<T>> for Cow<'a, [T]> where
T: Clone,impl<'a, F> From<PinBox<F>> for LocalFutureObj<'a, ()> where
F: 'a + Future<Output = ()>,impl<T> From<Box<T>> for Rc<T> where
T: ?Sized,impl<T> From<Vec<T>> for Arc<[T]>impl From<String> for Rc<str>impl<'a, T> From<&'a [T]> for Arc<[T]> where
T: Clone,impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, str>> for Stringimpl<'a, F> From<Box<F>> for FutureObj<'a, ()> where
F: 'a + Send + Future<Output = ()>,impl<T> From<Vec<T>> for VecDeque<T>impl<'a, E: Error + 'a> From<E> for Box<Error + 'a>impl<'a, E: Error + Send + Sync + 'a> From<E> for Box<Error + Send + Sync + 'a>impl From<String> for Box<Error + Send + Sync>impl From<String> for Box<Error>impl<'a, 'b> From<&'b str> for Box<Error + Send + Sync + 'a>impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Box<Error>impl<'a, 'b> From<Cow<'b, str>> for Box<Error + Send + Sync + 'a>impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, str>> for Box<Error>impl From<CString> for Vec<u8>impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, CStr>> for CStringimpl<'a> From<&'a CStr> for Box<CStr>impl From<Box<CStr>> for CStringimpl From<CString> for Box<CStr>impl<'a> From<CString> for Cow<'a, CStr>impl<'a> From<&'a CStr> for Cow<'a, CStr>impl<'a> From<&'a CString> for Cow<'a, CStr>impl From<CString> for Arc<CStr>impl<'a> From<&'a CStr> for Arc<CStr>impl From<CString> for Rc<CStr>impl<'a> From<&'a CStr> for Rc<CStr>impl From<NulError> for std::io::Errorimpl<'a> From<&'a CStr> for CStringimpl From<String> for OsStringimpl<'a, T: ?Sized + AsRef<OsStr>> From<&'a T> for OsStringimpl<'a> From<&'a OsStr> for Box<OsStr>impl From<Box<OsStr>> for OsStringimpl From<OsString> for Box<OsStr>impl From<OsString> for Arc<OsStr>impl<'a> From<&'a OsStr> for Arc<OsStr>impl From<OsString> for Rc<OsStr>impl<'a> From<&'a OsStr> for Rc<OsStr>impl<'a> From<OsString> for Cow<'a, OsStr>impl<'a> From<&'a OsStr> for Cow<'a, OsStr>impl<'a> From<&'a OsString> for Cow<'a, OsStr>impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, OsStr>> for OsStringimpl<W> From<IntoInnerError<W>> for std::io::Errorimpl From<ErrorKind> for std::io::Errorimpl From<Ipv4Addr> for IpAddrimpl From<Ipv6Addr> for IpAddrimpl From<Ipv4Addr> for u32impl From<u32> for Ipv4Addrimpl From<[u8; 4]> for Ipv4Addrimpl From<[u8; 4]> for IpAddrimpl From<Ipv6Addr> for u128impl From<u128> for Ipv6Addrimpl From<[u8; 16]> for Ipv6Addrimpl From<[u16; 8]> for Ipv6Addrimpl From<[u8; 16]> for IpAddrimpl From<[u16; 8]> for IpAddrimpl From<SocketAddrV4> for std::net::SocketAddrimpl From<SocketAddrV6> for std::net::SocketAddrimpl<I: Into<IpAddr>> From<(I, u16)> for std::net::SocketAddrimpl<'a> From<&'a Path> for Box<Path>impl From<Box<Path>> for PathBufimpl From<PathBuf> for Box<Path>impl<'a, T: ?Sized + AsRef<OsStr>> From<&'a T> for PathBufimpl From<OsString> for PathBufimpl From<PathBuf> for OsStringimpl From<String> for PathBufimpl<'a> From<&'a Path> for Cow<'a, Path>impl<'a> From<PathBuf> for Cow<'a, Path>impl<'a> From<&'a PathBuf> for Cow<'a, Path>impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, Path>> for PathBufimpl From<PathBuf> for Arc<Path>impl<'a> From<&'a Path> for Arc<Path>impl From<PathBuf> for Rc<Path>impl<'a> From<&'a Path> for Rc<Path>impl From<ChildStdin> for Stdioimpl From<ChildStdout> for Stdioimpl From<ChildStderr> for Stdioimpl From<File> for Stdioimpl<T> From<SendError<T>> for TrySendError<T>impl From<RecvError> for TryRecvErrorimpl From<RecvError> for RecvTimeoutErrorimpl<T> From<T> for Mutex<T>impl<T> From<T> for RwLock<T>impl<T> From<PoisonError<T>> for TryLockError<T>