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    // Copyright 2014-2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT
    // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at
    // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT.
    //
    // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
    // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
    // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
    // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
    // except according to those terms.

    use error::Error;
    use io;
    use libc;
    use sys::backtrace::BacktraceContext;
    use sys_common::backtrace::Frame;

    use unwind as uw;

    struct Context<'a> {
        idx: usize,
        frames: &'a mut [Frame],
    }

    #[derive(Debug)]
    struct UnwindError(uw::_Unwind_Reason_Code);

    impl Error for UnwindError {
        fn description(&self) -> &'static str {
            "unexpected return value while unwinding"
        }
    }

    impl ::fmt::Display for UnwindError {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::fmt::Formatter) -> ::fmt::Result {
            write!(f, "{}: {:?}", self.description(), self.0)
        }
    }

    #[inline(never)] // if we know this is a function call, we can skip it when
                     // tracing
    pub fn unwind_backtrace(frames: &mut [Frame])
        -> io::Result<(usize, BacktraceContext)>
    {
        let mut cx = Context {
            idx: 0,
            frames: frames,
        };
        let result_unwind = unsafe {
            uw::_Unwind_Backtrace(trace_fn,
                                  &mut cx as *mut Context
                                  as *mut libc::c_void)
        };
        // See libunwind:src/unwind/Backtrace.c for the return values.
        // No, there is no doc.
        match result_unwind {
            // These return codes seem to be benign and need to be ignored for backtraces
            // to show up properly on all tested platforms.
            uw::_URC_END_OF_STACK | uw::_URC_FATAL_PHASE1_ERROR | uw::_URC_FAILURE => {
                Ok((cx.idx, BacktraceContext))
            }
            _ => {
                Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other,
                                   UnwindError(result_unwind)))
            }
        }
    }

    extern fn trace_fn(ctx: *mut uw::_Unwind_Context,
                       arg: *mut libc::c_void) -> uw::_Unwind_Reason_Code {
        let cx = unsafe { &mut *(arg as *mut Context) };
        let mut ip_before_insn = 0;
        let mut ip = unsafe {
            uw::_Unwind_GetIPInfo(ctx, &mut ip_before_insn) as *mut libc::c_void
        };
        if !ip.is_null() && ip_before_insn == 0 {
            // this is a non-signaling frame, so `ip` refers to the address
            // after the calling instruction. account for that.
            ip = (ip as usize - 1) as *mut _;
        }

        // dladdr() on osx gets whiny when we use FindEnclosingFunction, and
        // it appears to work fine without it, so we only use
        // FindEnclosingFunction on non-osx platforms. In doing so, we get a
        // slightly more accurate stack trace in the process.
        //
        // This is often because panic involves the last instruction of a
        // function being "call std::rt::begin_unwind", with no ret
        // instructions after it. This means that the return instruction
        // pointer points *outside* of the calling function, and by
        // unwinding it we go back to the original function.
        let symaddr = if cfg!(target_os = "macos") || cfg!(target_os = "ios") {
            ip
        } else {
            unsafe { uw::_Unwind_FindEnclosingFunction(ip) }
        };

        if cx.idx < cx.frames.len() {
            cx.frames[cx.idx] = Frame {
                symbol_addr: symaddr,
                exact_position: ip,
            };
            cx.idx += 1;
        }

        uw::_URC_NO_REASON
    }

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