# Class Envelope2D

Object
RectangularShape
Rectangle2D
Rectangle2D.Double
Envelope2D

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `Shape`, `Serializable`, `Cloneable`, `Emptiable`, `Envelope`

public class Envelope2D extends Rectangle2D.Double implements Envelope, Emptiable, Cloneable
A two-dimensional envelope on top of Java2D rectangle. This implementation is provided for inter-operability between Java2D and GeoAPI.

This class inherits x and y fields. But despite their names, they don't need to be oriented toward East and North respectively. The (x,y) axis can have any direction and should be understood as coordinate 0 and coordinate 1 values instead. This is not specific to this implementation; in Java2D too, the visual axis orientation depend on the affine transform in the graphics context.

## Crossing the anti-meridian of a Geographic CRS

The Web Coverage Service (WCS) specification authorizes (with special treatment) cases where upper < lower at least in the longitude case. They are envelopes crossing the anti-meridian, like the red box below (the green box is the usual case). For `Envelope2D` objects, they are rectangle with negative width or height field values. The default implementation of methods listed in the right column can handle such cases.
Supported methods:

- `getMinimum(int)`
- `getMaximum(int)`
- `getSpan(int)`
- `getMedian(int)`
- `isEmpty()`
- `toRectangles()`
- `contains(double,double)`
- `contains(Rectangle2D)` and its variant receiving `double` arguments
- `intersects(Rectangle2D)` and its variant receiving `double` arguments
- `createIntersection(Rectangle2D)`
- `createUnion(Rectangle2D)`
- `add(Rectangle2D)`
- `add(double,double)`

The `getMinX()`, `getMinY()`, `getMaxX()`, `getMaxY()`, `getCenterX()`, `getCenterY()`, `getWidth()` and `getHeight()` methods delegate to the above-cited methods.

Since:
  0.3
See Also:
  - `GeneralEnvelope`
  - `DefaultGeographicBoundingBox`
  - Serialized Form

- ## Nested Class Summary

  ### Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class Rectangle2D

  `Rectangle2D​.Double, Rectangle2D​.Float`

- ## Field Summary

  ### Fields inherited from class Rectangle2D.Double

  `height, width, x, y`

  ### Fields inherited from class Rectangle2D

  `OUT_BOTTOM, OUT_LEFT, OUT_RIGHT, OUT_TOP`

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Constructor
  Description
  `Envelope2D()`
  Constructs an initially empty envelope with no CRS.
  `Envelope2D(DirectPosition lowerCorner, DirectPosition upperCorner)`
  Constructs a two-dimensional envelope defined by the specified coordinates.
  `Envelope2D(Envelope envelope)`
  Constructs a two-dimensional envelope defined by another `Envelope`.
  `Envelope2D(GeographicBoundingBox box)`
  Constructs a new envelope with the same data as the specified geographic bounding box.
  `Envelope2D(CoordinateReferenceSystem crs, double x, double y, double width, double height)`
  Constructs two-dimensional envelope defined by the specified coordinates.
  `Envelope2D(CoordinateReferenceSystem crs, Rectangle2D rect)`
  Constructs two-dimensional envelope defined by another `Rectangle2D`.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `void`
  `add(double px, double py)`
  Adds a point to this rectangle.
  `void`
  `add(Rectangle2D rect)`
  Adds another rectangle to this rectangle.
  `boolean`
  `boundsEquals(Envelope that, int xDim, int yDim, double eps)`
  Returns `true` if `this` envelope bounds is equal to `that` envelope bounds in two specified dimensions.
  `Envelope2D`
  `clone()`
  Returns a clone of this envelope.
  `boolean`
  `contains(double px, double py)`
  Tests if a specified coordinate is inside the boundary of this envelope.
  `boolean`
  `contains(double rx, double ry, double rw, double rh)`
  Returns `true` if this envelope completely encloses the specified rectangle.
  `boolean`
  `contains(Rectangle2D rect)`
  Returns `true` if this envelope completely encloses the specified rectangle.
  `Envelope2D`
  `createIntersection(Rectangle2D rect)`
  Returns the intersection of this envelope with the specified rectangle.
  `Envelope2D`
  `createUnion(Rectangle2D rect)`
  Returns the union of this envelope with the specified rectangle.
  `boolean`
  `equals(Object object)`
  Compares the specified object with this envelope for equality.
  `double`
  `getCenterX()`
  Returns the median coordinate value for dimension 0.
  `double`
  `getCenterY()`
  Returns the median coordinate value for dimension 1.
  `final CoordinateReferenceSystem`
  `getCoordinateReferenceSystem()`
  Returns the coordinate reference system in which the coordinates are given.
  `final int`
  `getDimension()`
  Returns the number of dimensions, which is always 2.
  `double`
  `getHeight()`
  Returns the span for dimension 1.
  `DirectPosition2D`
  `getLowerCorner()`
  The limits in the direction of decreasing coordinate values for the two dimensions.
  `double`
  `getMaximum(int dimension)`
  Returns the maximal coordinate along the specified dimension.
  `double`
  `getMaxX()`
  Returns the maximal coordinate value for dimension 0.
  `double`
  `getMaxY()`
  Returns the maximal coordinate value for dimension 1.
  `DirectPosition2D`
  `getMedian()`
  A coordinate position consisting of all the median coordinate values.
  `double`
  `getMedian(int dimension)`
  Returns the median coordinate along the specified dimension.
  `double`
  `getMinimum(int dimension)`
  Returns the minimal coordinate along the specified dimension.
  `double`
  `getMinX()`
  Returns the minimal coordinate value for dimension 0.
  `double`
  `getMinY()`
  Returns the minimal coordinate value for dimension 1.
  `double`
  `getSpan(int dimension)`
  Returns the envelope span along the specified dimension.
  `DirectPosition2D`
  `getUpperCorner()`
  The limits in the direction of increasing coordinate values for the two dimensions.
  `double`
  `getWidth()`
  Returns the span for dimension 0.
  `boolean`
  `intersects(double rx, double ry, double rw, double rh)`
  Returns `true` if this envelope intersects the specified envelope.
  `boolean`
  `intersects(Rectangle2D rect)`
  Returns `true` if this envelope intersects the specified envelope.
  `boolean`
  `isEmpty()`
  Determines whether the envelope is empty.
  `void`
  `setCoordinateReferenceSystem(CoordinateReferenceSystem crs)`
  Sets the coordinate reference system in which the coordinate are given.
  `void`
  `setRect(Rectangle2D rect)`
  Sets this envelope to the given rectangle.
  `Rectangle2D​.Double[]`
  `toRectangles()`
  Returns this envelope as non-empty Java2D rectangle objects.
  `String`
  `toString()`
  Formats this envelope as a "`BOX`" element.

  ### Methods inherited from class Rectangle2D.Double

  `getBounds2D, getX, getY, outcode, setRect`

  ### Methods inherited from class Rectangle2D

  `add, getPathIterator, getPathIterator, hashCode, intersect, intersectsLine, intersectsLine, outcode, setFrame, union`

  ### Methods inherited from class RectangularShape

  `contains, getBounds, getFrame, setFrame, setFrame, setFrameFromCenter, setFrameFromCenter, setFrameFromDiagonal, setFrameFromDiagonal`

  ### Methods inherited from class Object

  `finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### Envelope2D

    public Envelope2D()
    Constructs an initially empty envelope with no CRS.

  - ### Envelope2D

    public Envelope2D(DirectPosition lowerCorner, DirectPosition upperCorner) throws MismatchedReferenceSystemException, MismatchedDimensionException
    Constructs a two-dimensional envelope defined by the specified coordinates. The `lowerCorner` and `upperCorner` arguments are not necessarily the minimal and maximal values respectively. See the class javadoc about crossing the anti-meridian for more details.
    Parameters:
      `lowerCorner` - the first position.
      `upperCorner` - the second position.
    Throws:
      `MismatchedReferenceSystemException` - if the two positions don't use the same CRS.
      `MismatchedDimensionException` - if the two positions are not two-dimensional.

  - ### Envelope2D

    public Envelope2D(Envelope envelope) throws MismatchedDimensionException
    Constructs a two-dimensional envelope defined by another `Envelope`.
    Parameters:
      `envelope` - the envelope to copy (cannot be `null`).
    Throws:
      `MismatchedDimensionException` - if the given envelope is not two-dimensional.

  - ### Envelope2D

    public Envelope2D(GeographicBoundingBox box)
    Constructs a new envelope with the same data as the specified geographic bounding box. The coordinate reference system is set to the default geographic CRS. Axis order is (longitude, latitude).
    Parameters:
      `box` - The bounding box to copy (cannot be `null`).

  - ### Envelope2D

    public Envelope2D(CoordinateReferenceSystem crs, Rectangle2D rect) throws MismatchedDimensionException
    Constructs two-dimensional envelope defined by another `Rectangle2D`. If the given rectangle has negative width or height, they will be interpreted as an envelope crossing the anti-meridian.
    Parameters:
      `crs` - the coordinate reference system, or `null`.
      `rect` - the rectangle to copy (cannot be `null`).
    Throws:
      `MismatchedDimensionException` - if the given CRS is not two-dimensional.

  - ### Envelope2D

    public Envelope2D(CoordinateReferenceSystem crs, double x, double y, double width, double height) throws MismatchedDimensionException
    Constructs two-dimensional envelope defined by the specified coordinates. Despite their name, the (x,y) coordinates don't need to be oriented toward (East, North). Those parameter names simply match the x and y fields. The actual axis orientations are determined by the specified CRS. See the class javadoc for details.
    Parameters:
      `crs` - the coordinate reference system, or `null`.
      `x` - the x minimal value.
      `y` - the y minimal value.
      `width` - the envelope width. May be negative for envelope crossing the anti-meridian.
      `height` - the envelope height. May be negative for envelope crossing the anti-meridian.
    Throws:
      `MismatchedDimensionException` - if the given CRS is not two-dimensional.

- ## Method Details

  - ### getCoordinateReferenceSystem

    public final CoordinateReferenceSystem getCoordinateReferenceSystem()
    Returns the coordinate reference system in which the coordinates are given.
    Specified by:
      `getCoordinateReferenceSystem` in interface `Envelope`
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system, or `null`.

  - ### setCoordinateReferenceSystem

    public void setCoordinateReferenceSystem(CoordinateReferenceSystem crs)
    Sets the coordinate reference system in which the coordinate are given. This method does not reproject the envelope. If the envelope coordinates need to be transformed to the new CRS, consider using `Envelopes​.transform(Envelope, CoordinateReferenceSystem)` instead.
    Parameters:
      `crs` - the new coordinate reference system, or `null`.

  - ### setRect

    public void setRect(Rectangle2D rect)
    Sets this envelope to the given rectangle. If the given rectangle is also an instance of `Envelope` (typically as another `Envelope2D`) and has a non-null Coordinate Reference System (CRS), then the CRS of this envelope will be set to the CRS of the given envelope.
    Overrides:
      `setRect` in class `Rectangle2D​.Double`
    Parameters:
      `rect` - the rectangle to copy coordinates from.
    Since:
      0.8

  - ### getDimension

    public final int getDimension()
    Returns the number of dimensions, which is always 2.
    Specified by:
      `getDimension` in interface `Envelope`
    Returns:
      always 2 for bi-dimensional objects.

  - ### getLowerCorner

    public DirectPosition2D getLowerCorner()
    The limits in the direction of decreasing coordinate values for the two dimensions. This is typically a coordinate position consisting of the minimal coordinates for the two dimensions for all points within the `Envelope`.

    The object returned by this method is a copy. Change in the returned position will not affect this envelope, and conversely.

    #### Note on wraparound

    The Web Coverage Service (WCS) 1.1 specification uses an extended interpretation of the bounding box definition. In a WCS 1.1 data structure, the lower corner defines the edges region in the directions of decreasing coordinate values in the envelope CRS. This is usually the algebraic minimum coordinates, but not always. For example, an envelope crossing the anti-meridian could have a lower corner longitude greater than the upper corner longitude. Such extended interpretation applies mostly to axes having `WRAPAROUND` range meaning.
    Specified by:
      `getLowerCorner` in interface `Envelope`
    Returns:
      a copy of the lower corner, typically (but not necessarily) containing minimal coordinate values.
    See Also:
      - `getMinX()`
      - `getMinY()`
      - `getMinimum(int)`

  - ### getUpperCorner

    public DirectPosition2D getUpperCorner()
    The limits in the direction of increasing coordinate values for the two dimensions. This is typically a coordinate position consisting of the maximal coordinates for the two dimensions for all points within the `Envelope`.

    The object returned by this method is a copy. Change in the returned position will not affect this envelope, and conversely.

    #### Note on wraparound

    The Web Coverage Service (WCS) 1.1 specification uses an extended interpretation of the bounding box definition. In a WCS 1.1 data structure, the upper corner defines the edges region in the directions of increasing coordinate values in the envelope CRS. This is usually the algebraic maximum coordinates, but not always. For example, an envelope crossing the anti-meridian could have an upper corner longitude less than the lower corner longitude. Such extended interpretation applies mostly to axes having `WRAPAROUND` range meaning.
    Specified by:
      `getUpperCorner` in interface `Envelope`
    Returns:
      a copy of the upper corner, typically (but not necessarily) containing maximal coordinate values.
    See Also:
      - `getMaxX()`
      - `getMaxY()`
      - `getMaximum(int)`

  - ### getMedian

    public DirectPosition2D getMedian()
    A coordinate position consisting of all the median coordinate values.

    The object returned by this method is a copy. Change in the returned position will not affect this envelope, and conversely.

    Returns:
      a copy of the median coordinates.
    Since:
      1.1
    See Also:
      - `getMedian(int)`

  - ### getMinimum

    public double getMinimum(int dimension) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
    Returns the minimal coordinate along the specified dimension. This method handles anti-meridian as documented in the `AbstractEnvelope​.getMinimum(int)` method.
    Specified by:
      `getMinimum` in interface `Envelope`
    Parameters:
      `dimension` - the dimension to query.
    Returns:
      the minimal coordinate value along the given dimension.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the given index is out of bounds.
    See Also:
      - `RectangularShape​.getMinX()`
      - `RectangularShape​.getMinY()`

  - ### getMaximum

    public double getMaximum(int dimension) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
    Returns the maximal coordinate along the specified dimension. This method handles anti-meridian as documented in the `AbstractEnvelope​.getMaximum(int)` method.
    Specified by:
      `getMaximum` in interface `Envelope`
    Parameters:
      `dimension` - the dimension to query.
    Returns:
      the maximal coordinate value along the given dimension.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the given index is out of bounds.
    See Also:
      - `RectangularShape​.getMaxX()`
      - `RectangularShape​.getMaxY()`

  - ### getMedian

    public double getMedian(int dimension) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
    Returns the median coordinate along the specified dimension. This method handles anti-meridian as documented in the `AbstractEnvelope​.getMedian(int)` method.
    Specified by:
      `getMedian` in interface `Envelope`
    Parameters:
      `dimension` - the dimension to query.
    Returns:
      the mid coordinate value along the given dimension.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the given index is out of bounds.
    See Also:
      - `getMedian()`

  - ### getSpan

    public double getSpan(int dimension) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
    Returns the envelope span along the specified dimension. This method handles anti-meridian as documented in the `AbstractEnvelope​.getSpan(int)` method.
    Specified by:
      `getSpan` in interface `Envelope`
    Parameters:
      `dimension` - the dimension to query.
    Returns:
      the rectangle width or height, depending the given dimension.
    Throws:
      `IndexOutOfBoundsException` - if the given index is out of bounds.
    See Also:
      - `RectangularShape​.getWidth()`
      - `RectangularShape​.getHeight()`

  - ### getMinX

    public double getMinX()
    Returns the minimal coordinate value for dimension 0. The default implementation invokes `getMinimum(0)`. The result is the standard `Rectangle2D` value (namely x) only if the envelope is not crossing the anti-meridian.
    Overrides:
      `getMinX` in class `RectangularShape`
    Returns:
      the minimal coordinate value for dimension 0.

  - ### getMinY

    public double getMinY()
    Returns the minimal coordinate value for dimension 1. The default implementation invokes `getMinimum(1)`. The result is the standard `Rectangle2D` value (namely y) only if the envelope is not crossing the anti-meridian.
    Overrides:
      `getMinY` in class `RectangularShape`
    Returns:
      the minimal coordinate value for dimension 1.

  - ### getMaxX

    public double getMaxX()
    Returns the maximal coordinate value for dimension 0. The default implementation invokes `getMinimum(0)`. The result is the standard `Rectangle2D` value (namely x + width) only if the envelope is not crossing the anti-meridian.
    Overrides:
      `getMaxX` in class `RectangularShape`
    Returns:
      the maximal coordinate value for dimension 0.

  - ### getMaxY

    public double getMaxY()
    Returns the maximal coordinate value for dimension 1. The default implementation invokes `getMinimum(1)`. The result is the standard `Rectangle2D` value (namely y + height) only if the envelope is not crossing the anti-meridian.
    Overrides:
      `getMaxY` in class `RectangularShape`
    Returns:
      the maximal coordinate value for dimension 1.

  - ### getCenterX

    public double getCenterX()
    Returns the median coordinate value for dimension 0. The default implementation invokes `getMedian(0)`. The result is the standard `Rectangle2D` value (namely x + width/2) only if the envelope is not crossing the anti-meridian.
    Overrides:
      `getCenterX` in class `RectangularShape`
    Returns:
      the median coordinate value for dimension 0.

  - ### getCenterY

    public double getCenterY()
    Returns the median coordinate value for dimension 1. The default implementation invokes `getMedian(1)`. The result is the standard `Rectangle2D` value (namely y + height/2) only if the envelope is not crossing the anti-meridian.
    Overrides:
      `getCenterY` in class `RectangularShape`
    Returns:
      the median coordinate value for dimension 1.

  - ### getWidth

    public double getWidth()
    Returns the span for dimension 0. The default implementation invokes `getSpan(0)`. The result is the standard `Rectangle2D` value (namely width) only if the envelope is not crossing the anti-meridian.
    Overrides:
      `getWidth` in class `Rectangle2D​.Double`
    Returns:
      the span for dimension 0.

  - ### getHeight

    public double getHeight()
    Returns the span for dimension 1. The default implementation invokes `getSpan(1)`. The result is the standard `Rectangle2D` value (namely height) only if the envelope is not crossing the anti-meridian.
    Overrides:
      `getHeight` in class `Rectangle2D​.Double`
    Returns:
      the span for dimension 1.

  - ### isEmpty

    public boolean isEmpty()
    Determines whether the envelope is empty. A negative Rectangle2D.Double.width or (@linkplain #height} is considered as a non-empty area if the corresponding axis has the wraparound range meaning.

    Note that if the Rectangle2D.Double.width or Rectangle2D.Double.height value is `NaN`, then the envelope is considered empty. This is different than the default `Rectangle2D​.Double​.isEmpty()` implementation, which doesn't check for `NaN` values.

    Specified by:
      `isEmpty` in interface `Emptiable`
    Overrides:
      `isEmpty` in class `Rectangle2D​.Double`
    Returns:
      `true` if this envelope is empty.

  - ### toRectangles

    public Rectangle2D.Double[] toRectangles()
    Returns this envelope as non-empty Java2D rectangle objects. This method returns an array of length 0, 1, 2 or 4 depending on whether the envelope crosses the anti-meridian or the limit of any other axis having wraparound range meaning. More specifically:
    - If this envelope is empty, then this method returns an empty array.
    - If this envelope does not have any wraparound behavior, then this method returns a copy of this envelope as an instance of `Rectangle2D​.Double` in an array of length 1.
    - If this envelope crosses the anti-meridian (a.k.a. date line) then this method represents this envelope as two separated rectangles.
    - While uncommon, the envelope could theoretically crosses the limit of other axis having wraparound range meaning. If wraparound occur along the two axes, then this method represents this envelope as four separated rectangles.
    API note: The return type is the `Rectangle2D​.Double` implementation class rather than the `Rectangle2D` abstract class because the `Envelope2D` class hierarchy already exposes this implementation choice.
    Returns:
      a representation of this envelope as an array of non-empty Java2D rectangles. The array never contains `this`.
    Since:
      0.4
    See Also:
      - `AbstractEnvelope​.toSimpleEnvelopes()`

  - ### contains

    public boolean contains(double px, double py)
    Tests if a specified coordinate is inside the boundary of this envelope. If it least one of the given coordinate value is `NaN`, then this method returns `false`.

    #### Crossing the anti-meridian of a Geographic CRS

    This method supports anti-meridian in the same way as `AbstractEnvelope​.contains(DirectPosition)`.
    Specified by:
      `contains` in interface `Shape`
    Overrides:
      `contains` in class `Rectangle2D`
    Parameters:
      `px` - the first coordinate value of the point to text.
      `py` - the second coordinate value of the point to text.
    Returns:
      `true` if the specified coordinate is inside the boundary of this envelope; `false` otherwise.

  - ### contains

    public boolean contains(Rectangle2D rect)
    Returns `true` if this envelope completely encloses the specified rectangle. If this envelope or the given rectangle have at least one `NaN` value, then this method returns `false`.

    #### Crossing the anti-meridian of a Geographic CRS

    This method supports anti-meridian in the same way as `AbstractEnvelope​.contains(Envelope)`.
    Specified by:
      `contains` in interface `Shape`
    Overrides:
      `contains` in class `RectangularShape`
    Parameters:
      `rect` - the rectangle to test for inclusion.
    Returns:
      `true` if this envelope completely encloses the specified rectangle.

  - ### contains

    public boolean contains(double rx, double ry, double rw, double rh)
    Returns `true` if this envelope completely encloses the specified rectangle. If this envelope or the given rectangle have at least one `NaN` value, then this method returns `false`.

    #### Crossing the anti-meridian of a Geographic CRS

    This method supports anti-meridian in the same way as `AbstractEnvelope​.contains(Envelope)`.
    Specified by:
      `contains` in interface `Shape`
    Overrides:
      `contains` in class `Rectangle2D`
    Parameters:
      `rx` - the x coordinate of the lower corner of the rectangle to test for inclusion.
      `ry` - the y coordinate of the lower corner of the rectangle to test for inclusion.
      `rw` - the width of the rectangle to test for inclusion. May be negative if the rectangle spans the anti-meridian.
      `rh` - the height of the rectangle to test for inclusion. May be negative.
    Returns:
      `true` if this envelope completely encloses the specified one.

  - ### intersects

    public boolean intersects(Rectangle2D rect)
    Returns `true` if this envelope intersects the specified envelope. If this envelope or the given rectangle have at least one `NaN` value, then this method returns `false`.

    #### Crossing the anti-meridian of a Geographic CRS

    This method supports anti-meridian in the same way as `AbstractEnvelope​.intersects(Envelope)`.
    Specified by:
      `intersects` in interface `Shape`
    Overrides:
      `intersects` in class `RectangularShape`
    Parameters:
      `rect` - the rectangle to test for intersection.
    Returns:
      `true` if this envelope intersects the specified rectangle.

  - ### intersects

    public boolean intersects(double rx, double ry, double rw, double rh)
    Returns `true` if this envelope intersects the specified envelope. If this envelope or the given rectangle have at least one `NaN` value, then this method returns `false`.

    #### Crossing the anti-meridian of a Geographic CRS

    This method supports anti-meridian in the same way as `AbstractEnvelope​.intersects(Envelope)`.
    Specified by:
      `intersects` in interface `Shape`
    Overrides:
      `intersects` in class `Rectangle2D`
    Parameters:
      `rx` - the x coordinate of the lower corner of the rectangle to test for intersection.
      `ry` - the y coordinate of the lower corner of the rectangle to test for intersection.
      `rw` - the width of the rectangle to test for inclusion. May be negative if the rectangle spans the anti-meridian.
      `rh` - the height of the rectangle to test for inclusion. May be negative.
    Returns:
      `true` if this envelope intersects the specified rectangle.

  - ### createIntersection

    public Envelope2D createIntersection(Rectangle2D rect)
    Returns the intersection of this envelope with the specified rectangle. If this envelope or the given rectangle have at least one `NaN` values, then this method returns an empty envelope.

    #### Crossing the anti-meridian of a Geographic CRS

    This method supports anti-meridian in the same way as `GeneralEnvelope​.intersect(Envelope)`.
    Overrides:
      `createIntersection` in class `Rectangle2D​.Double`
    Parameters:
      `rect` - the rectangle to be intersected with this envelope.
    Returns:
      the intersection of the given rectangle with this envelope.

  - ### createUnion

    public Envelope2D createUnion(Rectangle2D rect)
    Returns the union of this envelope with the specified rectangle. The default implementation clones this envelope, then delegates to `add(Rectangle2D)`.
    Overrides:
      `createUnion` in class `Rectangle2D​.Double`
    Parameters:
      `rect` - the rectangle to add to this envelope.
    Returns:
      the union of the given rectangle with this envelope.

  - ### add

    public void add(Rectangle2D rect)
    Adds another rectangle to this rectangle. The resulting rectangle is the union of the two `Rectangle` objects.

    #### Crossing the anti-meridian of a Geographic CRS

    This method supports anti-meridian in the same way as `GeneralEnvelope​.add(Envelope)`, except if the result is a rectangle expanding to infinities. In that later case, the field values are set to `NaN` because infinite values are a problematic in `Rectangle2D` objects.
    Overrides:
      `add` in class `Rectangle2D`
    Parameters:
      `rect` - the rectangle to add to this envelope.

  - ### add

    public void add(double px, double py)
    Adds a point to this rectangle. The resulting rectangle is the smallest rectangle that contains both the original rectangle and the specified point.

    After adding a point, a call to `contains(double, double)` with the added point as an argument will return `true`, except if one of the point coordinates was `Double​.NaN` in which case the corresponding coordinate has been ignored.

    #### Crossing the anti-meridian of a Geographic CRS

    This method supports anti-meridian in the same way as `GeneralEnvelope​.add(DirectPosition)`.
    Overrides:
      `add` in class `Rectangle2D`
    Parameters:
      `px` - the first coordinate of the point to add.
      `py` - the second coordinate of the point to add.

  - ### equals

    public boolean equals(Object object)
    Compares the specified object with this envelope for equality. If the given object is not an instance of `Envelope2D`, then the two objects are compared as plain rectangles, i.e. the coordinate reference system of this envelope is ignored.

    #### Note on `hashCode()`

    This class does not override the `Rectangle2D​.hashCode()` method for consistency with the `Rectangle2D​.equals(Object)` method, which compare arbitrary `Rectangle2D` implementations.
    Overrides:
      `equals` in class `Rectangle2D`
    Parameters:
      `object` - the object to compare with this envelope.
    Returns:
      `true` if the given object is equal to this envelope.

  - ### boundsEquals

    public boolean boundsEquals(Envelope that, int xDim, int yDim, double eps)
    Returns `true` if `this` envelope bounds is equal to `that` envelope bounds in two specified dimensions. The coordinate reference system is not compared, since it doesn't need to have the same number of dimensions.
    Parameters:
      `that` - the envelope to compare to.
      `xDim` - the dimension of `that` envelope to compare to the x dimension of `this` envelope.
      `yDim` - the dimension of `that` envelope to compare to the y dimension of `this` envelope.
      `eps` - a small tolerance number for floating point number comparisons. This value will be scaled according this envelope width and height.
    Returns:
      `true` if the envelope bounds are the same (up to the specified tolerance level) in the specified dimensions, or `false` otherwise.

  - ### clone

    public Envelope2D clone()
    Returns a clone of this envelope.
    Overrides:
      `clone` in class `RectangularShape`
    Returns:
      a clone of this envelope.

  - ### toString

    public String toString()
    Formats this envelope as a "`BOX`" element. The output is of the form "`BOX(`lower corner`,`upper corner`)`". Example:

        BOX(-90 -180, 90 180)

    Overrides:
      `toString` in class `Rectangle2D​.Double`
    See Also:
      - `Envelopes​.toString(Envelope)`