Package org.apache.sis.referencing.factory

# Class ConcurrentAuthorityFactory<DAO extends GeodeticAuthorityFactory>

Object
AbstractFactory
GeodeticAuthorityFactory
ConcurrentAuthorityFactory<DAO>

Type Parameters:
  `DAO` - the type of factory used as Data Access Object (DAO).

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `AutoCloseable`, `AuthorityFactory`, `Factory`

Direct Known Subclasses:
  `EPSGFactory`

public abstract class ConcurrentAuthorityFactory<DAO extends GeodeticAuthorityFactory> extends GeodeticAuthorityFactory implements AutoCloseable
A concurrent authority factory that caches all objects created by another factory. All `createFoo(String)` methods first check if a previously created object exists for the given code. If such object exists, it is returned. Otherwise, the object creation is delegated to another factory given by `newDataAccess()` and the result is cached in this factory.

`ConcurrentAuthorityFactory` delays the call to `newDataAccess()` until first needed, and closes the factory used as a Data Access Object (DAO) after some timeout. This approach allows to establish a connection to a database (for example) and keep it only for a relatively short amount of time.

## Caching strategy

Objects are cached by strong references, up to the amount of objects specified at construction time. If a greater amount of objects are cached, then the oldest ones will be retained through a weak reference instead of a strong one. This means that this caching factory will continue to return those objects as long as they are in use somewhere else in the Java virtual machine, but will be discarded (and recreated on the fly if needed) otherwise.

## Multi-threading

The cache managed by this class is concurrent. However the Data Access Objects (DAO) are assumed non-concurrent. If two or more threads are accessing this factory at the same time, then two or more Data Access Object instances may be created. The maximal amount of instances to create is specified at `ConcurrentAuthorityFactory` construction time. If more Data Access Object instances are needed, some of the threads will block until an instance become available.

## Note for subclasses

This abstract class does not implement any of the `DatumAuthorityFactory`, `CSAuthorityFactory`, `CRSAuthorityFactory` and `CoordinateOperationAuthorityFactory` interfaces. Subclasses should select the interfaces that they choose to implement.

Since:
  0.7

Defined in the `sis-referencing` module

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Modifier
  Constructor
  Description
  `protected`
  `ConcurrentAuthorityFactory(Class<DAO> dataAccessClass)`
  Constructs an instance with a default number of threads and a default number of entries to keep by strong references.
  `protected`
  `ConcurrentAuthorityFactory(Class<DAO> dataAccessClass, int maxStrongReferences, int maxConcurrentQueries)`
  Constructs an instance with the specified number of entries to keep by strong references.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `protected boolean`
  `canClose(DAO factory)`
  Returns `true` if the given Data Access Object (DAO) can be closed.
  `void`
  `close()`
  Immediately closes all Data Access Objects that are closeable.
  `CartesianCS`
  `createCartesianCS(String code)`
  Returns a 2- or 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system made of straight orthogonal axes.
  `CompoundCRS`
  `createCompoundCRS(String code)`
  Returns a CRS describing the position of points through two or more independent coordinate reference systems.
  `CoordinateOperation`
  `createCoordinateOperation(String code)`
  Returns an operation for transforming coordinates in the source CRS to coordinates in the target CRS.
  `CoordinateReferenceSystem`
  `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String code)`
  Returns an arbitrary coordinate reference system from a code.
  `CoordinateSystem`
  `createCoordinateSystem(String code)`
  Returns an arbitrary coordinate system from a code.
  `CoordinateSystemAxis`
  `createCoordinateSystemAxis(String code)`
  Returns a coordinate system axis with name, direction, unit and range of values.
  `CylindricalCS`
  `createCylindricalCS(String code)`
  Returns a 3-dimensional coordinate system made of a polar coordinate system extended by a straight perpendicular axis.
  `Datum`
  `createDatum(String code)`
  Returns an arbitrary datum from a code.
  `DerivedCRS`
  `createDerivedCRS(String code)`
  Returns a CRS that is defined by its coordinate conversion from another CRS (not by a datum).
  `Ellipsoid`
  `createEllipsoid(String code)`
  Returns a geometric figure that can be used to describe the approximate shape of the earth.
  `EllipsoidalCS`
  `createEllipsoidalCS(String code)`
  Returns a 2- or 3-dimensional coordinate system for geodetic latitude and longitude, sometime with ellipsoidal height.
  `EngineeringCRS`
  `createEngineeringCRS(String code)`
  Returns a 1-, 2- or 3-dimensional contextually local coordinate reference system.
  `EngineeringDatum`
  `createEngineeringDatum(String code)`
  Returns a datum defining the origin of an engineering coordinate reference system.
  `Extent`
  `createExtent(String code)`
  Returns information about spatial, vertical, and temporal extent (usually a domain of validity) from a code.
  `Set<CoordinateOperation>`
  `createFromCoordinateReferenceSystemCodes(String sourceCRS, String targetCRS)`
  Returns operations from source and target coordinate reference system codes.
  `GeocentricCRS`
  `createGeocentricCRS(String code)`
  Returns a 3-dimensional coordinate reference system with the origin at the approximate centre of mass of the earth.
  `GeodeticDatum`
  `createGeodeticDatum(String code)`
  Returns a datum defining the location and orientation of an ellipsoid that approximates the shape of the earth.
  `GeographicCRS`
  `createGeographicCRS(String code)`
  Returns a 2- or 3-dimensional coordinate reference system based on an ellipsoidal approximation of the geoid.
  `ImageCRS`
  `createImageCRS(String code)`
  Returns a 2-dimensional engineering coordinate reference system applied to locations in images.
  `ImageDatum`
  `createImageDatum(String code)`
  Returns a datum defining the origin of an image coordinate reference system.
  `IdentifiedObject`
  `createObject(String code)`
  Returns an arbitrary object from a code.
  `OperationMethod`
  `createOperationMethod(String code)`
  Returns a description of the algorithm and parameters used to perform a coordinate operation.
  `ParameterDescriptor<?>`
  `createParameterDescriptor(String code)`
  Returns a definition of a single parameter used by an operation method.
  `PolarCS`
  `createPolarCS(String code)`
  Returns a 2-dimensional coordinate system for coordinates represented by a distance from the origin and an angle from a fixed direction.
  `PrimeMeridian`
  `createPrimeMeridian(String code)`
  Returns a prime meridian defining the origin from which longitude values are determined.
  `ProjectedCRS`
  `createProjectedCRS(String code)`
  Returns a 2-dimensional coordinate reference system used to approximate the shape of the earth on a planar surface.
  `SphericalCS`
  `createSphericalCS(String code)`
  Returns a 3-dimensional coordinate system with one distance measured from the origin and two angular coordinates.
  `TemporalCRS`
  `createTemporalCRS(String code)`
  Returns a 1-dimensional coordinate reference system used for the recording of time.
  `TemporalDatum`
  `createTemporalDatum(String code)`
  Returns a datum defining the origin of a temporal coordinate reference system.
  `TimeCS`
  `createTimeCS(String code)`
  Returns a 1-dimensional coordinate system for heights or depths of points.
  `Unit<?>`
  `createUnit(String code)`
  Returns an unit of measurement from a code.
  `VerticalCRS`
  `createVerticalCRS(String code)`
  Returns a 1-dimensional coordinate reference system used for recording heights or depths.
  `VerticalCS`
  `createVerticalCS(String code)`
  Returns a 1-dimensional coordinate system for heights or depths of points.
  `VerticalDatum`
  `createVerticalDatum(String code)`
  Returns a datum identifying a particular reference level surface used as a zero-height surface.
  `Citation`
  `getAuthority()`
  Returns the database or specification that defines the codes recognized by this factory.
  `Set<String>`
  `getAuthorityCodes(Class<? extends IdentifiedObject> type)`
  Returns the set of authority codes for objects of the given type.
  `InternationalString`
  `getDescriptionText(String code)`
  Gets a description of the object corresponding to a code.
  `long`
  `getTimeout(TimeUnit unit)`
  Returns the amount of time that `ConcurrentAuthorityFactory` will wait before to close a Data Access Object.
  `protected boolean`
  `isCacheable(String code, Object object)`
  Returns whether the given object can be cached.
  `protected abstract DAO`
  `newDataAccess()`
  Creates a factory which will perform the actual geodetic object creation work.
  `IdentifiedObjectFinder`
  `newIdentifiedObjectFinder()`
  Returns a finder which can be used for looking up unidentified objects.
  `protected String`
  `normalizeCode(String code)`
  Returns a code equivalent to the given code but with unnecessary elements eliminated.
  `void`
  `printCacheContent(PrintWriter out)`
  Prints the cache content to the given writer.
  `void`
  `setTimeout(long delay, TimeUnit unit)`
  Sets a timer for closing the Data Access Object after the specified amount of time of inactivity.
  `String`
  `toString()`
  Returns a string representation of this factory for debugging purpose only.

  ### Methods inherited from class GeodeticAuthorityFactory

  `createParametricCRS, createParametricCS, createParametricDatum, getCodeSpaces, trimNamespace`

  ### Methods inherited from class AbstractFactory

  `getVendor`

  ### Methods inherited from class Object

  `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

  ### Methods inherited from interface Factory

  `getVendor`

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### ConcurrentAuthorityFactory

    protected ConcurrentAuthorityFactory(Class<DAO> dataAccessClass)
    Constructs an instance with a default number of threads and a default number of entries to keep by strong references. Note that those default values may change in any future SIS versions based on experience gained.
    Parameters:
      `dataAccessClass` - the class of Data Access Object (DAO) created by `newDataAccess()`.

  - ### ConcurrentAuthorityFactory

    protected ConcurrentAuthorityFactory(Class<DAO> dataAccessClass, int maxStrongReferences, int maxConcurrentQueries)
    Constructs an instance with the specified number of entries to keep by strong references. If a number of object greater than `maxStrongReferences` are created, then the strong references for the eldest objects will be replaced by weak references.
    Parameters:
      `dataAccessClass` - the class of Data Access Object (DAO) created by `newDataAccess()`.
      `maxStrongReferences` - the maximum number of objects to keep by strong reference.
      `maxConcurrentQueries` - the maximal amount of Data Access Objects to use concurrently. If more than this amount of threads are querying this `ConcurrentAuthorityFactory` concurrently, additional threads will be blocked until a Data Access Object become available.

- ## Method Details

  - ### newDataAccess

    protected abstract DAO newDataAccess() throws UnavailableFactoryException, FactoryException
    Creates a factory which will perform the actual geodetic object creation work. This method is invoked the first time a `createFoo(String)` method is invoked. It may also be invoked again if additional factories are needed in different threads, or if all factories have been closed after the timeout.

    #### Multi-threading

    This method (but not necessarily the returned factory) needs to be thread-safe; `ConcurrentAuthorityFactory` does not hold any lock when invoking this method. Subclasses are responsible to apply their own synchronization if needed, but are encouraged to avoid doing so if possible. In addition, implementations should not invoke other `ConcurrentAuthorityFactory` methods during this method execution in order to avoid never-ending loop.
    Returns:
      Data Access Object (DAO) to use in `createFoo(String)` methods.
    Throws:
      `UnavailableFactoryException` - if the Data Access Object is unavailable because an optional resource is missing.
      `FactoryException` - if the creation of Data Access Object failed for another reason.

  - ### canClose

    protected boolean canClose(DAO factory)
    Returns `true` if the given Data Access Object (DAO) can be closed. This method is invoked automatically after the timeout if the given DAO has been idle during all that time. Subclasses can override this method and return `false` if they want to prevent the DAO disposal under some circumstances.

    The default implementation always returns `true`.

    Parameters:
      `factory` - the Data Access Object which is about to be closed.
    Returns:
      `true` if the given Data Access Object can be closed.
    See Also:
      - `close()`

  - ### getTimeout

    public long getTimeout(TimeUnit unit)
    Returns the amount of time that `ConcurrentAuthorityFactory` will wait before to close a Data Access Object. This delay is measured from the last time the Data Access Object has been used by a `createFoo(String)` method.
    Parameters:
      `unit` - the desired unit of measurement for the timeout.
    Returns:
      the current timeout in the given unit of measurement.

  - ### setTimeout

    public void setTimeout(long delay, TimeUnit unit)
    Sets a timer for closing the Data Access Object after the specified amount of time of inactivity. If a new Data Access Object is needed after the disposal of the last one, then the `newDataAccess()` method will be invoked again.
    Parameters:
      `delay` - the delay of inactivity before to close a Data Access Object.
      `unit` - the unit of measurement of the given delay.

  - ### getAuthority

    public Citation getAuthority()
    Returns the database or specification that defines the codes recognized by this factory. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Returns the cached value if it exists.
    - Otherwise:
      1. get an instance of the Data Access Object,
      2. delegate to its `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.getAuthority()` method,
      3. release the Data Access Object,
      4. cache the result.
    If this method can not get a Data Access Object (for example because no database connection is available), then this method returns `null`.
    Specified by:
      `getAuthority` in interface `AuthorityFactory`
    Specified by:
      `getAuthority` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Returns:
      the organization responsible for definition of the database, or `null` if unavailable.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractFactory​.getVendor()`

  - ### getAuthorityCodes

    public Set<String> getAuthorityCodes(Class<? extends IdentifiedObject> type) throws FactoryException
    Returns the set of authority codes for objects of the given type. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    1. get an instance of the Data Access Object,
    2. delegate to its `AuthorityFactory​.getAuthorityCodes(Class)` method,
    3. release the Data Access Object.
    Specified by:
      `getAuthorityCodes` in interface `AuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `type` - the spatial reference objects type (e.g. `ProjectedCRS​.class`).
    Returns:
      the set of authority codes for spatial reference objects of the given type. If this factory does not contains any object of the given type, then this method returns an empty set.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if access to the underlying database failed.

  - ### getDescriptionText

    public InternationalString getDescriptionText(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Gets a description of the object corresponding to a code. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    1. get an instance of the Data Access Object,
    2. delegate to its `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.getDescriptionText(String)` method,
    3. release the Data Access Object.
    Specified by:
      `getDescriptionText` in interface `AuthorityFactory`
    Overrides:
      `getDescriptionText` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      a description of the object, or `null` if the object corresponding to the specified `code` has no description.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the query failed for some other reason.

  - ### normalizeCode

    protected String normalizeCode(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a code equivalent to the given code but with unnecessary elements eliminated. The normalized code is used as the key in the cache, and is also the code which will be passed to the Data Access Object (DAO).

    The default implementation performs the following steps:

    1. Removes the namespace if presents. For example if the codespace is EPSG and the given code starts with the `"EPSG:"` prefix, then that prefix is removed.
    2. Removes leading and trailing spaces.
    Subclasses can override this method for performing a different normalization work. It is okay to return internal codes completely different than the given codes, provided that the Data Access Objects will understand those internal codes.
    Parameters:
      `code` - the code to normalize.
    Returns:
      the normalized code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if an error occurred while normalizing the given code.

  - ### createObject

    public IdentifiedObject createObject(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns an arbitrary object from a code. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Returns the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise:
      1. get an instance of the Data Access Object,
      2. delegate to its `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createObject(String)` method,
      3. release the Data Access Object,
      4. cache the result.
    Specified by:
      `createObject` in interface `AuthorityFactory`
    Specified by:
      `createObject` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the object for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractIdentifiedObject`

  - ### createCoordinateReferenceSystem

    public CoordinateReferenceSystem createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns an arbitrary coordinate reference system from a code. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createObject(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createCoordinateReferenceSystem` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractCRS`
      - `CRS​.forCode(String)`

  - ### createGeographicCRS

    public GeographicCRS createGeographicCRS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 2- or 3-dimensional coordinate reference system based on an ellipsoidal approximation of the geoid. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createGeographicCRS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createGeographicCRS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createGeographicCRS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultGeographicCRS`
      - `CommonCRS​.geographic()`
      - `CommonCRS​.geographic3D()`

  - ### createGeocentricCRS

    public GeocentricCRS createGeocentricCRS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 3-dimensional coordinate reference system with the origin at the approximate centre of mass of the earth. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createGeocentricCRS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createGeocentricCRS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createGeocentricCRS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultGeocentricCRS`
      - `CommonCRS​.geocentric()`

  - ### createProjectedCRS

    public ProjectedCRS createProjectedCRS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 2-dimensional coordinate reference system used to approximate the shape of the earth on a planar surface. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createProjectedCRS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createProjectedCRS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createProjectedCRS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultProjectedCRS`

  - ### createVerticalCRS

    public VerticalCRS createVerticalCRS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 1-dimensional coordinate reference system used for recording heights or depths. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createVerticalCRS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createVerticalCRS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createVerticalCRS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultVerticalCRS`
      - `CommonCRS​.Vertical​.crs()`

  - ### createTemporalCRS

    public TemporalCRS createTemporalCRS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 1-dimensional coordinate reference system used for the recording of time. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createTemporalCRS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createTemporalCRS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createTemporalCRS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultTemporalCRS`
      - `CommonCRS​.Temporal​.crs()`

  - ### createCompoundCRS

    public CompoundCRS createCompoundCRS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a CRS describing the position of points through two or more independent coordinate reference systems. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createCompoundCRS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createCompoundCRS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createCompoundCRS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultCompoundCRS`

  - ### createDerivedCRS

    public DerivedCRS createDerivedCRS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a CRS that is defined by its coordinate conversion from another CRS (not by a datum). The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createDerivedCRS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createDerivedCRS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createDerivedCRS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultDerivedCRS`

  - ### createEngineeringCRS

    public EngineeringCRS createEngineeringCRS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 1-, 2- or 3-dimensional contextually local coordinate reference system. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createEngineeringCRS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createEngineeringCRS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createEngineeringCRS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultEngineeringCRS`

  - ### createImageCRS

    public ImageCRS createImageCRS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 2-dimensional engineering coordinate reference system applied to locations in images. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createImageCRS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createImageCRS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createImageCRS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultImageCRS`

  - ### createDatum

    public Datum createDatum(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns an arbitrary datum from a code. The returned object will typically be an The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createDatum(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createDatum(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createObject(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createDatum` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractDatum`

  - ### createGeodeticDatum

    public GeodeticDatum createGeodeticDatum(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a datum defining the location and orientation of an ellipsoid that approximates the shape of the earth. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createGeodeticDatum(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createGeodeticDatum(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createDatum(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createGeodeticDatum` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultGeodeticDatum`
      - `CommonCRS​.datum()`

  - ### createVerticalDatum

    public VerticalDatum createVerticalDatum(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a datum identifying a particular reference level surface used as a zero-height surface. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createVerticalDatum(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createVerticalDatum(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createDatum(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createVerticalDatum` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultVerticalDatum`
      - `CommonCRS​.Vertical​.datum()`

  - ### createTemporalDatum

    public TemporalDatum createTemporalDatum(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a datum defining the origin of a temporal coordinate reference system. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createTemporalDatum(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createTemporalDatum(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createDatum(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createTemporalDatum` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultTemporalDatum`
      - `CommonCRS​.Temporal​.datum()`

  - ### createEngineeringDatum

    public EngineeringDatum createEngineeringDatum(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a datum defining the origin of an engineering coordinate reference system. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createEngineeringDatum(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createEngineeringDatum(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createDatum(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createEngineeringDatum` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultEngineeringDatum`

  - ### createImageDatum

    public ImageDatum createImageDatum(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a datum defining the origin of an image coordinate reference system. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createImageDatum(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createImageDatum(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createDatum(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createImageDatum` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultImageDatum`

  - ### createEllipsoid

    public Ellipsoid createEllipsoid(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a geometric figure that can be used to describe the approximate shape of the earth. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createEllipsoid(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createEllipsoid(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createObject(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createEllipsoid` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the ellipsoid for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultEllipsoid`
      - `CommonCRS​.ellipsoid()`

  - ### createPrimeMeridian

    public PrimeMeridian createPrimeMeridian(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a prime meridian defining the origin from which longitude values are determined. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createPrimeMeridian(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createPrimeMeridian(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createObject(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createPrimeMeridian` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the prime meridian for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultPrimeMeridian`
      - `CommonCRS​.primeMeridian()`

  - ### createExtent

    public Extent createExtent(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns information about spatial, vertical, and temporal extent (usually a domain of validity) from a code. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createExtent(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createExtent(String)` method in the parent class.
    Overrides:
      `createExtent` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the extent for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultExtent`

  - ### createCoordinateSystem

    public CoordinateSystem createCoordinateSystem(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns an arbitrary coordinate system from a code. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createCoordinateSystem(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createCoordinateSystem(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createObject(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createCoordinateSystem` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractCS`
      - `CoordinateSystems​.getEpsgCode(Unit, AxisDirection...)`

  - ### createEllipsoidalCS

    public EllipsoidalCS createEllipsoidalCS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 2- or 3-dimensional coordinate system for geodetic latitude and longitude, sometime with ellipsoidal height. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createEllipsoidalCS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createEllipsoidalCS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createEllipsoidalCS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultEllipsoidalCS`

  - ### createVerticalCS

    public VerticalCS createVerticalCS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 1-dimensional coordinate system for heights or depths of points. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createVerticalCS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createVerticalCS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createVerticalCS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultVerticalCS`

  - ### createTimeCS

    public TimeCS createTimeCS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 1-dimensional coordinate system for heights or depths of points. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createTimeCS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createTimeCS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createTimeCS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultTimeCS`

  - ### createCartesianCS

    public CartesianCS createCartesianCS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 2- or 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system made of straight orthogonal axes. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createCartesianCS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createCartesianCS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createCartesianCS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultCartesianCS`

  - ### createSphericalCS

    public SphericalCS createSphericalCS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 3-dimensional coordinate system with one distance measured from the origin and two angular coordinates. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createSphericalCS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createSphericalCS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createSphericalCS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultSphericalCS`

  - ### createCylindricalCS

    public CylindricalCS createCylindricalCS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 3-dimensional coordinate system made of a polar coordinate system extended by a straight perpendicular axis. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createCylindricalCS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createCylindricalCS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createCylindricalCS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultCylindricalCS`

  - ### createPolarCS

    public PolarCS createPolarCS(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a 2-dimensional coordinate system for coordinates represented by a distance from the origin and an angle from a fixed direction. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createPolarCS(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createPolarCS(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createCoordinateSystem(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createPolarCS` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultPolarCS`

  - ### createCoordinateSystemAxis

    public CoordinateSystemAxis createCoordinateSystemAxis(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a coordinate system axis with name, direction, unit and range of values. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createCoordinateSystemAxis(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createCoordinateSystemAxis(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createObject(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createCoordinateSystemAxis` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the axis for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultCoordinateSystemAxis`

  - ### createUnit

    public Unit<?> createUnit(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns an unit of measurement from a code. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createUnit(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createUnit(String)` method in the parent class.
    Overrides:
      `createUnit` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the unit of measurement for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `Units​.valueOfEPSG(int)`

  - ### createParameterDescriptor

    public ParameterDescriptor<?> createParameterDescriptor(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a definition of a single parameter used by an operation method. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createParameterDescriptor(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createParameterDescriptor(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createObject(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createParameterDescriptor` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the parameter descriptor for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultParameterDescriptor`
      - Apache SIS™ Coordinate Operation Methods

  - ### createOperationMethod

    public OperationMethod createOperationMethod(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a description of the algorithm and parameters used to perform a coordinate operation. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createOperationMethod(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createOperationMethod(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createObject(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createOperationMethod` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the operation method for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultOperationMethod`
      - Apache SIS™ Coordinate Operation Methods

  - ### createCoordinateOperation

    public CoordinateOperation createCoordinateOperation(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns an operation for transforming coordinates in the source CRS to coordinates in the target CRS. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Return the cached instance for the given code if such instance already exists.
    - Otherwise if the Data Access Object (DAO) overrides the `createCoordinateOperation(String)` method, invoke that method and cache the result for future use.
    - Otherwise delegate to the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createCoordinateOperation(String)` method in the parent class. This allows to check if the more generic `createObject(String)` method cached a value before to try that method.
    Overrides:
      `createCoordinateOperation` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the operation for the given code.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractCoordinateOperation`

  - ### createFromCoordinateReferenceSystemCodes

    public Set<CoordinateOperation> createFromCoordinateReferenceSystemCodes(String sourceCRS, String targetCRS) throws FactoryException
    Returns operations from source and target coordinate reference system codes. The default implementation performs the following steps:
    - Returns the cached collection for the given pair of codes if such collection already exists.
    - Otherwise:
      1. get an instance of the Data Access Object,
      2. delegate to its `GeodeticAuthorityFactory​.createFromCoordinateReferenceSystemCodes(String, String)` method,
      3. release the Data Access Object — this step assumes that the collection obtained at step 2 is still valid after the Data Access Object has been released,
      4. cache the result — this step assumes that the collection obtained at step 2 is immutable.
    Overrides:
      `createFromCoordinateReferenceSystemCodes` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `sourceCRS` - coded value of source coordinate reference system.
      `targetCRS` - coded value of target coordinate reference system.
    Returns:
      the operations from `sourceCRS` to `targetCRS`.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.

  - ### newIdentifiedObjectFinder

    public IdentifiedObjectFinder newIdentifiedObjectFinder() throws FactoryException
    Returns a finder which can be used for looking up unidentified objects. The default implementation delegates lookup to the underlying Data Access Object and caches the result.
    Overrides:
      `newIdentifiedObjectFinder` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Returns:
      a finder to use for looking up unidentified objects.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the finder can not be created.
    See Also:
      - `IdentifiedObjects​.newFinder(String)`

  - ### isCacheable

    protected boolean isCacheable(String code, Object object)
    Returns whether the given object can be cached. This method is invoked after the Data Access Object created a new object not previously in the cache. If this `isCacheable(…)` method returns `true`, then the newly created object will be cached so that next calls to the same `createFoo(String)` method with the same code may return the same object. If this method returns `false`, then the newly created object will not be cached and next call to the `createFoo(String)` method with the same code will return a new object.

    The default implementation always returns `true`. Subclasses can override this method for filtering the objects to store in the cache.

    Parameters:
      `code` - the authority code specified by the caller for creating an object.
      `object` - the object created for the given authority code.
    Returns:
      whether the given object should be cached.
    Since:
      0.8
    See Also:
      - `printCacheContent(PrintWriter)`

  - ### printCacheContent

    @Debug public void printCacheContent(PrintWriter out)
    Prints the cache content to the given writer. Keys are sorted by numerical order if possible, or alphabetical order otherwise. This method is used for debugging purpose only.
    Parameters:
      `out` - the output printer, or `null` for the standard output stream.
    See Also:
      - `isCacheable(String, Object)`

  - ### close

    public void close() throws FactoryException
    Immediately closes all Data Access Objects that are closeable. This method does not clear the cache and does not disallow further usage of this factory: this `ConcurrentAuthorityFactory` can still be used as usual after it has been "closed". New Data Access Objects will be created if needed for replacing the ones closed by this method.

    The main purpose of this method is to force immediate release of JDBC connections or other kind of resources that Data Access Objects may hold. If this method is not invoked, Data Access Objects will be closed when this `ConcurrentAuthorityFactory` will be garbage collected or at JVM shutdown time, depending which event happen first.

    Specified by:
      `close` in interface `AutoCloseable`
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if an error occurred while closing the Data Access Objects.
    See Also:
      - `canClose(GeodeticAuthorityFactory)`

  - ### toString

    public String toString()
    Returns a string representation of this factory for debugging purpose only. The string returned by this method may change in any future SIS version.
    Overrides:
      `toString` in class `GeodeticAuthorityFactory`
    Returns:
      a string representation for debugging purpose.
    See Also:
      - `printCacheContent(PrintWriter)`