Package org.codehaus.groovy.runtime

## Class ProcessGroovyMethods

- java.lang.Object
- - org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethodsSupport
  - - org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ProcessGroovyMethods

-     public class ProcessGroovyMethods
      extends DefaultGroovyMethodsSupport

  This class defines new groovy methods which appear on normal JDK classes related to process management.

  Static methods are used with the first parameter being the destination class, i.e. `public static String reverse(String self)` provides a `reverse()` method for `String`.

  NOTE: While this class contains many 'public' static methods, it is primarily regarded as an internal class (its internal package name suggests this also). We value backwards compatibility of these methods when used within Groovy but value less backwards compatibility at the Java method call level. I.e. future versions of Groovy may remove or move a method call in this file but would normally aim to keep the method available from within Groovy.

- - ### Nested Class Summary

    Nested Classes
    Modifier and Type | Class | Description
    --- | --- | ---
    `protected static class` | `ProcessGroovyMethods.ProcessRunner` | A Runnable which waits for a process to complete together with a notification scheme allowing another thread to wait a maximum number of seconds for the process to complete before killing it.

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor | Description
    --- | ---
    `ProcessGroovyMethods()` |

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method | Description
    --- | --- | ---
    `static void` | `closeStreams​(Process self)` | Closes all the streams associated with the process (ignoring any IOExceptions).
    `static Thread` | `consumeProcessErrorStream​(Process self, OutputStream err)` | Gets the error stream from a process and reads it to keep the process from blocking due to a full buffer.
    `static Thread` | `consumeProcessErrorStream​(Process self, Appendable error)` | Gets the error stream from a process and reads it to keep the process from blocking due to a full buffer.
    `static void` | `consumeProcessOutput​(Process self)` | Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer.
    `static void` | `consumeProcessOutput​(Process self, OutputStream output, OutputStream error)` | Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer.
    `static void` | `consumeProcessOutput​(Process self, Appendable output, Appendable error)` | Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer.
    `static Thread` | `consumeProcessOutputStream​(Process self, OutputStream output)` | Gets the output stream from a process and reads it to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer.
    `static Thread` | `consumeProcessOutputStream​(Process self, Appendable output)` | Gets the output stream from a process and reads it to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer.
    `static Process` | `execute​(String self)` | Executes the command specified by `self` as a command-line process.
    `static Process` | `execute​(String[] commandArray)` | Executes the command specified by the given `String` array.
    `static Process` | `execute​(String[] commandArray, String[] envp, File dir)` | Executes the command specified by the `String` array given in the first parameter, with the environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`.
    `static Process` | `execute​(String[] commandArray, List envp, File dir)` | Executes the command specified by the `String` array given in the first parameter, with the environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`.
    `static Process` | `execute​(String self, String[] envp, File dir)` | Executes the command specified by `self` with environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`.
    `static Process` | `execute​(String self, List envp, File dir)` | Executes the command specified by `self` with environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`.
    `static Process` | `execute​(List commands)` | Executes the command specified by the given list.
    `static Process` | `execute​(List commands, String[] envp, File dir)` | Executes the command specified by the given list, with the environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`.
    `static Process` | `execute​(List commands, List envp, File dir)` | Executes the command specified by the given list, with the environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`.
    `static InputStream` | `getErr​(Process self)` | An alias method so that a process appears similar to System.out, System.in, System.err; you can use process.in, process.out, process.err in a similar fashion.
    `static InputStream` | `getIn​(Process self)` | An alias method so that a process appears similar to System.out, System.in, System.err; you can use process.in, process.out, process.err in a similar fashion.
    `static OutputStream` | `getOut​(Process self)` | An alias method so that a process appears similar to System.out, System.in, System.err; you can use process.in, process.out, process.err in a similar fashion.
    `static String` | `getText​(Process self)` | Read the text of the output stream of the Process.
    `static OutputStream` | `leftShift​(Process self, byte[] value)` | Overloads the left shift operator to provide an append mechanism to pipe into a Process
    `static Writer` | `leftShift​(Process self, Object value)` | Overloads the left shift operator (<<) to provide an append mechanism to pipe data to a Process.
    `static Process` | `or​(Process left, Process right)` | Overrides the or operator to allow one Process to asynchronously pipe data to another Process.
    `static Process` | `pipeTo​(Process left, Process right)` | Allows one Process to asynchronously pipe data to another Process.
    `static void` | `waitForOrKill​(Process self, long numberOfMillis)` | Wait for the process to finish during a certain amount of time, otherwise stops the process.
    `static void` | `waitForProcessOutput​(Process self)` | Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer.
    `static void` | `waitForProcessOutput​(Process self, OutputStream output, OutputStream error)` | Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer.
    `static void` | `waitForProcessOutput​(Process self, Appendable output, Appendable error)` | Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer.
    `static void` | `withOutputStream​(Process self, Closure closure)` | Creates a new buffered OutputStream as stdin for this process, passes it to the closure, and ensures the stream is flushed and closed after the closure returns.
    `static void` | `withWriter​(Process self, Closure closure)` | Creates a new BufferedWriter as stdin for this process, passes it to the closure, and ensures the stream is flushed and closed after the closure returns.

    - ### Methods inherited from class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.DefaultGroovyMethodsSupport

      `cloneSimilarCollection, cloneSimilarMap, closeQuietly, closeWithWarning, createSimilarArray, createSimilarCollection, createSimilarCollection, createSimilarCollection, createSimilarList, createSimilarMap, createSimilarOrDefaultCollection, createSimilarQueue, createSimilarSet, normaliseIndex, sameType, subListBorders, subListBorders`

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### ProcessGroovyMethods

          public ProcessGroovyMethods()

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### getIn

          public static InputStream getIn​(Process self)

      An alias method so that a process appears similar to System.out, System.in, System.err; you can use process.in, process.out, process.err in a similar fashion.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process instance
      Returns:
        the InputStream for the process
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### getText

          public static String getText​(Process self)
                                throws IOException

      Read the text of the output stream of the Process. Closes all the streams associated with the process after retrieving the text.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process instance
      Returns:
        the text of the output
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### getErr

          public static InputStream getErr​(Process self)

      An alias method so that a process appears similar to System.out, System.in, System.err; you can use process.in, process.out, process.err in a similar fashion.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process instance
      Returns:
        the error InputStream for the process
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### getOut

          public static OutputStream getOut​(Process self)

      An alias method so that a process appears similar to System.out, System.in, System.err; you can use process.in, process.out, process.err in a similar fashion.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process instance
      Returns:
        the OutputStream for the process
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### leftShift

          public static Writer leftShift​(Process self,
                                         Object value)
                                  throws IOException

      Overloads the left shift operator (<<) to provide an append mechanism to pipe data to a Process.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process instance
        `value` - a value to append
      Returns:
        a Writer
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### leftShift

          public static OutputStream leftShift​(Process self,
                                               byte[] value)
                                        throws IOException

      Overloads the left shift operator to provide an append mechanism to pipe into a Process
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process instance
        `value` - data to append
      Returns:
        an OutputStream
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### waitForOrKill

          public static void waitForOrKill​(Process self,
                                           long numberOfMillis)

      Wait for the process to finish during a certain amount of time, otherwise stops the process.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
        `numberOfMillis` - the number of milliseconds to wait before stopping the process
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### closeStreams

          public static void closeStreams​(Process self)

      Closes all the streams associated with the process (ignoring any IOExceptions).
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
      Since:
        2.1

    - #### consumeProcessOutput

          public static void consumeProcessOutput​(Process self)

      Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer. The stream data is thrown away but blocking due to a full output buffer is avoided. Use this method if you don't care about the standard or error output and just want the process to run silently - use carefully however, because since the stream data is thrown away, it might be difficult to track down when something goes wrong. For this, two Threads are started, so this method will return immediately.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### consumeProcessOutput

          public static void consumeProcessOutput​(Process self,
                                                  Appendable output,
                                                  Appendable error)

      Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer. The processed stream data is appended to the supplied Appendable. For this, two Threads are started, so this method will return immediately. The threads will not be join()ed, even if waitFor() is called. To wait for the output to be fully consumed call waitForProcessOutput().
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
        `output` - an Appendable to capture the process stdout
        `error` - an Appendable to capture the process stderr
      Since:
        1.7.5

    - #### consumeProcessOutput

          public static void consumeProcessOutput​(Process self,
                                                  OutputStream output,
                                                  OutputStream error)

      Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer. The processed stream data is appended to the supplied OutputStream. For this, two Threads are started, so this method will return immediately. The threads will not be join()ed, even if waitFor() is called. To wait for the output to be fully consumed call waitForProcessOutput().
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
        `output` - an OutputStream to capture the process stdout
        `error` - an OutputStream to capture the process stderr
      Since:
        1.5.2

    - #### waitForProcessOutput

          public static void waitForProcessOutput​(Process self)

      Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer. The stream data is thrown away but blocking due to a full output buffer is avoided. Use this method if you don't care about the standard or error output and just want the process to run silently - use carefully however, because since the stream data is thrown away, it might be difficult to track down when something goes wrong. For this, two Threads are started, but join()ed, so we wait. As implied by the waitFor... name, we also wait until we finish as well. Finally, the output and error streams are closed.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
      Since:
        1.6.5

    - #### waitForProcessOutput

          public static void waitForProcessOutput​(Process self,
                                                  Appendable output,
                                                  Appendable error)

      Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer. The processed stream data is appended to the supplied Appendable. For this, two Threads are started, but join()ed, so we wait. As implied by the waitFor... name, we also wait until we finish as well. Finally, the input, output and error streams are closed.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
        `output` - an Appendable to capture the process stdout
        `error` - an Appendable to capture the process stderr
      Since:
        1.7.5

    - #### waitForProcessOutput

          public static void waitForProcessOutput​(Process self,
                                                  OutputStream output,
                                                  OutputStream error)

      Gets the output and error streams from a process and reads them to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer. The processed stream data is appended to the supplied OutputStream. For this, two Threads are started, but join()ed, so we wait. As implied by the waitFor... name, we also wait until we finish as well. Finally, the input, output and error streams are closed.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
        `output` - an OutputStream to capture the process stdout
        `error` - an OutputStream to capture the process stderr
      Since:
        1.6.5

    - #### consumeProcessErrorStream

          public static Thread consumeProcessErrorStream​(Process self,
                                                         OutputStream err)

      Gets the error stream from a process and reads it to keep the process from blocking due to a full buffer. The processed stream data is appended to the supplied OutputStream. A new Thread is started, so this method will return immediately.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
        `err` - an OutputStream to capture the process stderr
      Returns:
        the Thread
      Since:
        1.5.2

    - #### consumeProcessErrorStream

          public static Thread consumeProcessErrorStream​(Process self,
                                                         Appendable error)

      Gets the error stream from a process and reads it to keep the process from blocking due to a full buffer. The processed stream data is appended to the supplied Appendable. A new Thread is started, so this method will return immediately.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
        `error` - an Appendable to capture the process stderr
      Returns:
        the Thread
      Since:
        1.7.5

    - #### consumeProcessOutputStream

          public static Thread consumeProcessOutputStream​(Process self,
                                                          Appendable output)

      Gets the output stream from a process and reads it to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer. The processed stream data is appended to the supplied Appendable. A new Thread is started, so this method will return immediately.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
        `output` - an Appendable to capture the process stdout
      Returns:
        the Thread
      Since:
        1.7.5

    - #### consumeProcessOutputStream

          public static Thread consumeProcessOutputStream​(Process self,
                                                          OutputStream output)

      Gets the output stream from a process and reads it to keep the process from blocking due to a full output buffer. The processed stream data is appended to the supplied OutputStream. A new Thread is started, so this method will return immediately.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
        `output` - an OutputStream to capture the process stdout
      Returns:
        the Thread
      Since:
        1.5.2

    - #### withWriter

          public static void withWriter​(Process self,
                                        Closure closure)

      Creates a new BufferedWriter as stdin for this process, passes it to the closure, and ensures the stream is flushed and closed after the closure returns. A new Thread is started, so this method will return immediately.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
        `closure` - a closure
      Since:
        1.5.2

    - #### withOutputStream

          public static void withOutputStream​(Process self,
                                              Closure closure)

      Creates a new buffered OutputStream as stdin for this process, passes it to the closure, and ensures the stream is flushed and closed after the closure returns. A new Thread is started, so this method will return immediately.
      Parameters:
        `self` - a Process
        `closure` - a closure
      Since:
        1.5.2

    - #### pipeTo

          public static Process pipeTo​(Process left,
                                       Process right)
                                throws IOException

      Allows one Process to asynchronously pipe data to another Process.
      Parameters:
        `left` - a Process instance
        `right` - a Process to pipe output to
      Returns:
        the second Process to allow chaining
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.5.2

    - #### or

          public static Process or​(Process left,
                                   Process right)
                            throws IOException

      Overrides the or operator to allow one Process to asynchronously pipe data to another Process.
      Parameters:
        `left` - a Process instance
        `right` - a Process to pipe output to
      Returns:
        the second Process to allow chaining
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.5.1

    - #### execute

          public static Process execute​(String self)
                                 throws IOException

      Executes the command specified by `self` as a command-line process.

      For more control over Process construction you can use `java.lang.ProcessBuilder`.

      Parameters:
        `self` - a command line String
      Returns:
        the Process which has just started for this command line representation
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### execute

          public static Process execute​(String self,
                                        String[] envp,
                                        File dir)
                                 throws IOException

      Executes the command specified by `self` with environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`.

      For more control over Process construction you can use `java.lang.ProcessBuilder`.

      Parameters:
        `self` - a command line String to be executed.
        `envp` - an array of Strings, each element of which has environment variable settings in the format name=value, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the environment of the current process.
        `dir` - the working directory of the subprocess, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the working directory of the current process.
      Returns:
        the Process which has just started for this command line representation.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### execute

          public static Process execute​(String self,
                                        List envp,
                                        File dir)
                                 throws IOException

      Executes the command specified by `self` with environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`.

      For more control over Process construction you can use `java.lang.ProcessBuilder`.

      Parameters:
        `self` - a command line String to be executed.
        `envp` - a List of Objects (converted to Strings using toString), each member of which has environment variable settings in the format name=value, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the environment of the current process.
        `dir` - the working directory of the subprocess, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the working directory of the current process.
      Returns:
        the Process which has just started for this command line representation.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### execute

          public static Process execute​(String[] commandArray)
                                 throws IOException

      Executes the command specified by the given `String` array. The first item in the array is the command; the others are the parameters.

      For more control over Process construction you can use `java.lang.ProcessBuilder`.

      Parameters:
        `commandArray` - an array of `String` containing the command name and parameters as separate items in the array.
      Returns:
        the Process which has just started for this command line representation.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### execute

          public static Process execute​(String[] commandArray,
                                        String[] envp,
                                        File dir)
                                 throws IOException

      Executes the command specified by the `String` array given in the first parameter, with the environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`. The first item in the array is the command; the others are the parameters.

      For more control over Process construction you can use `java.lang.ProcessBuilder`.

      Parameters:
        `commandArray` - an array of `String` containing the command name and parameters as separate items in the array.
        `envp` - an array of Strings, each member of which has environment variable settings in the format name=value, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the environment of the current process.
        `dir` - the working directory of the subprocess, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the working directory of the current process.
      Returns:
        the Process which has just started for this command line representation.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.7.1

    - #### execute

          public static Process execute​(String[] commandArray,
                                        List envp,
                                        File dir)
                                 throws IOException

      Executes the command specified by the `String` array given in the first parameter, with the environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`. The first item in the array is the command; the others are the parameters.

      For more control over Process construction you can use `java.lang.ProcessBuilder`.

      Parameters:
        `commandArray` - an array of `String` containing the command name and parameters as separate items in the array.
        `envp` - a List of Objects (converted to Strings using toString), each member of which has environment variable settings in the format name=value, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the environment of the current process.
        `dir` - the working directory of the subprocess, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the working directory of the current process.
      Returns:
        the Process which has just started for this command line representation.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.7.1

    - #### execute

          public static Process execute​(List commands)
                                 throws IOException

      Executes the command specified by the given list. The toString() method is called for each item in the list to convert into a resulting String. The first item in the list is the command the others are the parameters.

      For more control over Process construction you can use `java.lang.ProcessBuilder`.

      Parameters:
        `commands` - a list containing the command name and parameters as separate items in the list.
      Returns:
        the Process which has just started for this command line representation.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.0

    - #### execute

          public static Process execute​(List commands,
                                        String[] envp,
                                        File dir)
                                 throws IOException

      Executes the command specified by the given list, with the environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`. The first item in the list is the command; the others are the parameters. The toString() method is called on items in the list to convert them to Strings.

      For more control over Process construction you can use `java.lang.ProcessBuilder`.

      Parameters:
        `commands` - a List containing the command name and parameters as separate items in the list.
        `envp` - an array of Strings, each member of which has environment variable settings in the format name=value, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the environment of the current process.
        `dir` - the working directory of the subprocess, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the working directory of the current process.
      Returns:
        the Process which has just started for this command line representation.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.7.1

    - #### execute

          public static Process execute​(List commands,
                                        List envp,
                                        File dir)
                                 throws IOException

      Executes the command specified by the given list, with the environment defined by `envp` and under the working directory `dir`. The first item in the list is the command; the others are the parameters. The toString() method is called on items in the list to convert them to Strings.

      For more control over Process construction you can use `java.lang.ProcessBuilder`.

      Parameters:
        `commands` - a List containing the command name and parameters as separate items in the list.
        `envp` - a List of Objects (converted to Strings using toString), each member of which has environment variable settings in the format name=value, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the environment of the current process.
        `dir` - the working directory of the subprocess, or `null` if the subprocess should inherit the working directory of the current process.
      Returns:
        the Process which has just started for this command line representation.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an IOException occurs.
      Since:
        1.7.1