<?php

$sql = Db::table('indikator_content_portfolio_relations')->where('portfolio_id', $record->id)->get()->all();

foreach ($sql as $item) {
    $result[] = Db::table('indikator_content_portfolio_categories')->whereId($item->portfolio_categories_id)->value('name');
}

if (isset($result)) {
    echo implode(', ', $result);
}