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<!DOCTYPE document [
  <!ENTITY project SYSTEM "project.xml">
]>
<document url="cluster-manager.html">

  &project;

  <properties>
    <title>The ClusterManager object</title>
  </properties>

<body>

<section name="Table of Contents">
<toc/>
</section>

<section name="Introduction">
  <p>A cluster manager is an extension to Tomcat's session manager interface,
  <code>org.apache.catalina.Manager</code>.
  A cluster manager must implement the
  <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.ClusterManager</code> and is solely  responsible
  for how the session is replicated.<br/>
  There are currently two different managers, the
  <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager</code> replicates deltas of
  session data to all members in the cluster. This implementation is proven and
  works very well, but has a limitation as it requires the cluster members to be
  homogeneous, all nodes must deploy the same applications and be exact
  replicas. The <code>org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager</code> also
  replicates deltas but only to one backup node. The location of the backup node
  is known to all nodes in the cluster. It also supports heterogeneous
  deployments, so the manager knows at what locations the web application is
  deployed.</p>
</section>

<section name="The &lt;Manager&gt;">
  <p>The <code>&lt;Manager&gt;</code> element defined inside the
  <code>&lt;Cluster&gt;</code> element is the template defined for all web
  applications that are marked <code>&lt;distributable/&gt;</code> in their
  <code>web.xml</code> file. However, you can still override the manager
  implementation on a per web application basis, by putting the
  <code>&lt;Manager&gt;</code> inside the <code>&lt;Context&gt;</code> element
  either in the <code><a href="context.html">context.xml</a></code> file or the
  <code><a href="index.html">server.xml</a></code> file.</p>
</section>

<section name="Attributes">
  <subsection name="Common Attributes">
    <attributes>
      <attribute name="className" required="true">
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="name" required="false">
        <b>The name of this cluster manager, the name is used to identify a
        session manager on a node. The name might get modified by the
        <code>Cluster</code> element to make it unique in the container.</b>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="notifyListenersOnReplication" required="false">
        Set to <code>true</code> if you wish to have session listeners notified
        when session attributes are being replicated or removed across Tomcat
        nodes in the cluster.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="processExpiresFrequency" required="false">
        <p>Frequency of the session expiration, and related manager operations.
        Manager operations will be done once for the specified amount of
        backgroundProcess calls (i.e., the lower the amount, the more often the
        checks will occur). The minimum value is 1, and the default value is 6.
        </p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="secureRandomClass" required="false">
        <p>Name of the Java class that extends
        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> to use to generate session IDs.
        If not specified, the default value is
        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code>.</p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="secureRandomProvider" required="false">
        <p>Name of the provider to use to create the
        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate session
        IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the Manager
        will use the platform default provider and the default algorithm. If not
        specified, the platform default provider will be used.</p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="secureRandomAlgorithm" required="false">
        <p>Name of the algorithm to use to create the
        <code>java.security.SecureRandom</code> instances that generate session
        IDs. If an invalid algorithm and/or provider is specified, the Manager
        will use the platform default provider and the default algorithm. If not
        specified, the default algorithm of SHA1PRNG will be used. If the
        default algorithm is not supported, the platform default will be used.
        To specify that the platform default should be used, do not set the
        secureRandomProvider attribute and set this attribute to the empty
        string.</p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="recordAllActions" required="false">
        <p>Flag whether send all actions for session across Tomcat cluster
        nodes. If set to false, if already done something to the same attribute,
        make sure don't send multiple actions across Tomcat cluster nodes.
        In that case, sends only the actions that have been added at last.
        Default is <code>false</code>.</p>
      </attribute>
    </attributes>
  </subsection>
  <subsection name="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager Attributes">
    <attributes>
      <attribute name="enableStatistics" required="false">
        Tracks statistics for the session and events of the cluster.
        Default value is <code>true</code>.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="expireSessionsOnShutdown" required="false">
        When a web application is being shutdown, Tomcat issues an expire call
        to each session to notify all the listeners. If you wish for all
        sessions to expire on all nodes when a shutdown occurs on one node, set
        this value to <code>true</code>.
        Default value is <code>false</code>.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="maxActiveSessions" required="false">
        The maximum number of active sessions that will be created by this
        Manager, or -1 (the default) for no limit. For this manager, all
        sessions are counted as active sessions irrespective if whether or not
        the current node is the primary node for the session.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="notifySessionListenersOnReplication" required="false">
        Set to <code>true</code> if you wish to have session listeners notified
        when sessions are created and expired across Tomcat nodes in the
        cluster.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="notifyContainerListenersOnReplication" required="false">
        Set to <code>true</code> if you wish to have container listeners notified
        across Tomcat nodes in the cluster.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="persistAuthenticationNotes" required="false">
        <p>Should authentication notes (used during FORM authentication) be
        included when sessions are replicated? If <code>true</code>, the
        session's authentication notes (used during FORM authentication) are
        replicated so that an in progress FORM authentication can continue if
        failover occurs during FORM authentication. If not specified, the
        default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>

        <p>Please note that all nodes must be upgraded to at least 9.0.66 (the
        version where this feature was introduced) before this feature is
        enabled else session replication may fail.</p>

        <p>This attribute has been removed for Tomcat 10.1.x onwards which
        always replicates FORM authenticaton notes.</p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="stateTransferTimeout" required="false">
        The time in seconds to wait for a session state transfer to complete
        from another node when a node is starting up.
        Default value is <code>60</code> seconds.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="sendAllSessions" required="false">
        Flag whether send sessions as split blocks.
        If set to <code>true</code>, send all sessions as one big block.
        If set to <code>false</code>, send sessions as split blocks.
        Default value is <code>true</code>.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="sendAllSessionsSize" required="false">
        The number of sessions in a session block message. This value is
        effective only when <code>sendAllSessions</code> is <code>false</code>.
        Default is <code>1000</code>.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="sendAllSessionsWaitTime" required="false">
        Wait time between sending of session block messages. This value is
        effective only when <code>sendAllSessions</code> is <code>false</code>.
        Default is <code>2000</code> milliseconds.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="sessionAttributeNameFilter" required="false">
        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
        replicated. An attribute will only be replicated if its name matches
        this pattern. If the pattern is zero length or <code>null</code>, all
        attributes are eligible for replication. The pattern is anchored so the
        session attribute name must fully match the pattern. As an example, the
        value <code>(userName|sessionHistory)</code> will only replicate the
        two session attributes named <code>userName</code> and
        <code>sessionHistory</code>. If not specified, the default value of
        <code>null</code> will be used.</p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter" required="false">
        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
        replicated. An attribute will only be replicated if the implementation
        class name of the value matches this pattern. If the pattern is zero
        length or <code>null</code>, all attributes are eligible for
        replication. The pattern is anchored so the fully qualified class name
        must fully match the pattern. If not specified, the default value of
        <code>null</code> will be used unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is
        enabled in which case the default will be
        <code>java\\.lang\\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)</code>.</p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="stateTimestampDrop" required="false">
        When this node sends a <code>GET_ALL_SESSIONS</code> message to other
        node, all session messages that are received as a response are queued.
        If this attribute is set to <code>true</code>, the received session
        messages (except any <code>GET_ALL_SESSIONS</code> sent by other nodes)
        are filtered by their timestamp. A message is dropped if it is not a
        <code>GET_ALL_SESSIONS</code> message and its timestamp is earlier than
        the timestamp of our <code>GET_ALL_SESSIONS</code> message.
        If set to <code>false</code>, all queued session messages are handled.
        Default is <code>true</code>.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="warnOnSessionAttributeFilterFailure" required="false">
        <p>If <strong>sessionAttributeNameFilter</strong> or
        <strong>sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</strong> blocks an
        attribute, should this be logged at <code>WARN</code> level? If
        <code>WARN</code> level logging is disabled then it will be logged at
        <code>DEBUG</code>. The default value of this attribute is
        <code>false</code> unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is enabled in
        which case the default will be <code>true</code>.</p>
      </attribute>
    </attributes>
  </subsection>
  <subsection name="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager Attributes">
    <attributes>
      <attribute name="mapSendOptions" required="false">
        <p>The backup manager uses a replicated map. This map sends and receives
        messages internally. You can configure the flag that controls how this
        map sends messages.</p>
        <p>The value may be specified either as an integer (add values to use
        multiple flags) or using a comma-separate list of the human-readable
        option names. Human-readable names are translated to their integer
        values on startup.</p>
        <p>The different values offer a tradeoff between throughput on the
        sending node and the reliability of replication should the sending or
        receiving node(s) fail.</p>
        <p>The supported values are:</p>
        <dl>
          <dt><code>byte_message</code>, <code>byte</code> or
              <code>1</code></dt>
          <dd>The message is a pure byte message and no marshaling or
              unmarshalling will be performed</dd>
          <dt><code>use_ack</code> or <code>2</code></dt>
          <dd>The message is sent and an ACK is received when the message has
              been received by the recipient. If no ack is received, the message
              is not considered successful.</dd>
          <dt><code>synchronized_ack</code>, <code>sync</code> or
              <code>4</code></dt>
          <dd>Has no effect unless <code>use_ack</code> is set. The message is
              sent and an ACK is received when the message has been received and
              processed by the recipient. If no ack is received, the message is
              not considered successful.</dd>
          <dt><code>asynchronous</code>, <code>async</code> or
              <code>8</code></dt>
          <dd>The message will be placed on a queue and sent by a separate
              thread. It is possible for update messages for a session to be
              processed by the receiving node in a different order to the order
              in which they were sent.</dd>
          <dt><code>secure</code> or <code>16</code></dt>
          <dd>Not implemented. Has no effect if used.</dd>
          <dt><code>udp</code> or <code>32</code></dt>
          <dd>The message will be sent using UDP instead of TCP.</dd>
          <dt><code>multicast</code> or <code>64</code></dt>
          <dd>Not implemented. Messages will not be sent if used.</dd>
        </dl>
        <p>The default value is <code>6</code> (<code>use_ack</code> with
        <code>sync</code>).</p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="maxActiveSessions" required="false">
        The maximum number of active sessions that will be created by this
        Manager, or -1 (the default) for no limit. For this manager, only
        sessions where the current node is the primary node for the session are
        considered active sessions.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="persistAuthenticationNotes" required="false">
        <p>Should authentication notes (used during FORM authentication) be
        included when sessions are replicated? If <code>true</code>, the
        session's authentication notes (used during FORM authentication) are
        replicated so that an in progress FORM authentication can continue if
        failover occurs during FORM authentication. If not specified, the
        default value of <code>false</code> will be used.</p>

        <p>Please note that all nodes must be upgraded to at least 9.0.66 (the
        version where this feature was introduced) before this feature is
        enabled else session replication may fail.</p>

        <p>This attribute has been removed for Tomcat 10.1.x onwards which
        always replicates FORM authenticaton notes.</p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="rpcTimeout" required="false">
        Timeout for RPC message used for broadcast and transfer state from
        another map.
        Default value is <code>15000</code> milliseconds.
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="sessionAttributeNameFilter" required="false">
        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
        replicated. An attribute will only be replicated if its name matches
        this pattern. If the pattern is zero length or <code>null</code>, all
        attributes are eligible for replication. The pattern is anchored so the
        session attribute name must fully match the pattern. As an example, the
        value <code>(userName|sessionHistory)</code> will only replicate the
        two session attributes named <code>userName</code> and
        <code>sessionHistory</code>. If not specified, the default value of
        <code>null</code> will be used.</p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter" required="false">
        <p>A regular expression used to filter which session attributes will be
        replicated. An attribute will only be replicated if the implementation
        class name of the value matches this pattern. If the pattern is zero
        length or <code>null</code>, all attributes are eligible for
        replication. The pattern is anchored so the fully qualified class name
        must fully match the pattern. If not specified, the default value of
        <code>null</code> will be used unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is
        enabled in which case the default will be
        <code>java\\.lang\\.(?:Boolean|Integer|Long|Number|String)</code>.</p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="terminateOnStartFailure" required="false">
        Set to true if you wish to terminate replication map when replication
        map fails to start. If replication map is terminated, associated context
        will fail to start. If you set this attribute to false, replication map
        does not end. It will try to join the map membership in the heartbeat.
        Default value is <code>false</code> .
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="warnOnSessionAttributeFilterFailure" required="false">
        <p>If <strong>sessionAttributeNameFilter</strong> or
        <strong>sessionAttributeValueClassNameFilter</strong> blocks an
        attribute, should this be logged at <code>WARN</code> level? If
        <code>WARN</code> level logging is disabled then it will be logged at
        <code>DEBUG</code>. The default value of this attribute is
        <code>false</code> unless a <code>SecurityManager</code> is enabled in
        which case the default will be <code>true</code>.</p>
      </attribute>
      <attribute name="accessTimeout" required="false">
        The timeout for a ping message. If a remote map does not respond within
        this timeout period, its regarded as disappeared.
        Default value is <code>5000</code> milliseconds.
      </attribute>
    </attributes>
  </subsection>
</section>
<section name="Nested Components">
  <h3>All Manager Implementations</h3>
  <p>All Manager implementations allow nesting of a
  <strong>&lt;SessionIdGenerator&gt;</strong> element. It defines
  the behavior of session id generation.  All implementations
  of the <a href="sessionidgenerator.html">SessionIdGenerator</a> allow the
  following attributes:
  </p>
  <attributes>
    <attribute name="sessionIdLength" required="false">
      <p>The length of the session ID may be changed with the
      <strong>sessionIdLength</strong> attribute.
      </p>
    </attribute>
  </attributes>
</section>
</body>
</document>
