3.5.1

# Developer Documentation

This document contains information for TinkerPop developers, contributors, and community members. It focuses on technical information and other internal processes related to the project.

# Contributing

Contributions via GitHub pull requests are gladly accepted from their original author. By submitting any copyrighted material via pull request, email, or other means you agree to license the material under the project’s open source license and warrant that you have the legal authority to do so.

## Ways to Contribute

While the concept of an open source contribution can refer to doing development work on the code base, there are many other ways outside of coding to contribute to Apache TinkerPop. Participating on the various mailing lists, offering ideas, reporting bugs, writing documentation are all welcome contributions to the project that help improve the TinkerPop. This section of the document is designed to help provide some structure for potential contributors and to give them ideas for how they could get started becoming more involved in the TinkerPop community.

Note | As a quick acknowledgment, this section was influenced by Apache Spark’s well organized "Contributing to Spark" document.

### Mailing List Participation

TinkerPop has two mailing lists: gremlin-users and dev. Subscribing to and participating on one or both of these mailing lists is a great way to contribute to TinkerPop. Helping users with their problems by answering their questions on gremlin-users is a massive help to the community and an easy way for the community to become familiar with the contributor.

The dev@tinkerpop.apache.org mailing list is where all design discussion, early feature announcements, release discussions and other similar communication takes place. Having insight into the project at this level, will yield a lot of information about the day-to-day course of TinkerPop and provides a way to help shape the direction of the project.

### Testing Releases

Proposed TinkerPop releases are not official until after they are evaluated by the community. The process of evaluation occurs on the dev@tinkerpop.apache.org mailing list where the community is invited to review release artifacts and vote if they should be released or not. Anyone is free to comment and provide a vote (+1/+0/-1) on a release. Note that votes of non-PMC members are considered non-binding, but are certainly considered in the review process.

### Reviewing Changes

Virtually all changes to TinkerPop’s source code are performed via GitHub pull requests. When a pull request is issued it undergoes a review process prior to being merged to a release branch. Anyone is free to comment and provide a vote (+1/+0/-1) on a pull request. Note that votes of non-committers are considered non-binding, but are certainly considered in the review process.

### Writing Documentation

Proposing a documentation change is quite similar to providing a source code change, which is described below in more detail. Note that there is a difference between project documentation and the TinkerPop web site. The project documentation refers to the documentation that is published per release like, tutorials, reference documentation, and other similar pages. This content is not updated after release and remains static bound to that version. The TinkerPop web site refers to the static home page and its related content, such as Understanding Gremlin, Provider Listing and Graphic Usage Policies and other similar pages. This content is not bound to any particular version and can be published at any time where new content simply replaces old content.

For both types of documentation, changes can be submitted via pull request. For project documentation, TinkerPop has a robust documentation system that is based on asciidoc. The content can be found in the docs/src. Documentation is version specific, so consider the appropriate branch on which to submit the pull request so that the documentation is reflective of the version it is tied to. To view generated documentation locally, read more about environment configurations in the Documentation Environment and Contributor Documentation sections.

For web site changes, the process is largely the same except that the documentation system is HTML based instead of Asciidoc. The content can be found in the source control tree at docs/site. The web site is always published from the `master` branch as it is not bound to a version, so there is no need to submit a pull request to any other branches besides that one. If the change to this documentation involves changing provider listings in some way, first propose those changes on the dev@tinkerpop.apache.org mailing list and achieve consensus (wait time is 72 hours as usual). At that point, pull requests or direct changes can be submitted. Again, see the Documentation Environment section for more information on how to generate the site locally.

### Reporting Bugs

Well formed bug reports (especially when accompanied by a pull request that fixes the problem) are welcome contributions that ultimately help improve the quality of TinkerPop. Of course, a bug report is only as good as its reproduction steps and the surrounding details of the issue. When a bug is encountered, it should be documented in JIRA, where it will likely trigger some discussion and ultimately a resolution.

### TinkerPop Libraries

TinkerPop is more than just the core source code repository. It is a rich ecosystem of libraries developed by providers, who look to use or extend upon the TinkerPop interfaces. TinkerPop is highly focused on its interfaces and a small set of reference implementations of those interfaces as part of its core code base. As such, large and independent new functionality is often rejected from inclusion in TinkerPop itself, however, it is very much encouraged that such a project stand on its own as separate repository. Projects like this that meet the TinkerPop listing policy can be added to the TinkerPop web site and promoted there. Please see the current listing of such libraries on the TinkerPop home page to get an idea as to what kinds of libraries are available from the community. When in doubt about whether a library might be a good fit for hosting and ongoing maintenance in the TinkerPop project itself, please ask on the dev@tinkerpop.apache.org mailing list.

## Considering Code Changes

Code changes can take a fair bit of effort from both the contributor doing the work, as well as the people who will be reviewing and testing that work. It is beneficial to all involved that some basic considerations be made by the contributor to ensure the best use is made of everyone’s time.

Note | For those who are trying to find a place to start to contribute, consider looking at unresolved issues that have the "trivial" priority as these issues are specifically set aside as low-hanging fruit for newcomers.

Before proceeding, contributors should evaluate if the proposed change is likely to be relevant, new and actionable:

- Is it clear that code must change? Proposing a JIRA issue and pull request is appropriate only when a clear problem or change has been identified. When in doubt, email dev@tinkerpop.apache.org first about the possible change.

- Search the mailing list archives for related discussions. Often, the problem has been discussed before, with a resolution that doesn’t require a code change, or recording what kinds of changes will not be accepted as a resolution.

- Search JIRA for existing issues.

- Is the scope of the change matched to the contributor’s level of experience? Anyone is qualified to suggest a typo fix, but refactoring a core feature in serialization or OLAP requires much more understanding of TinkerPop. Some changes require building up experience first.

Before considering how to contribute code, it is useful to understand how code is reviewed, and why changes may be rejected. Simply put, changes that have many or large positives, and few negative effects or risks, are much more likely to be merged, and merged quickly. Risky and less valuable changes are very unlikely to be merged, and may be rejected outright rather than receive iterations of review.

Positives

- Change has already been discussed and is known to committers

- Fixes the root cause of a bug in existing functionality

- Adds functionality or fixes a problem needed by a large number of users

- Simple, targeted

- Easily tested; has tests

- Reduces complexity and lines of code

Negatives, Risks

- Band-aids a symptom of a bug only

- Introduces complex new functionality, especially an API that needs to be supported

- Adds complexity that only helps a niche use case

- Adds user-space functionality that does not need to be maintained in TinkerPop, but could be hosted externally and promoted in provider listings

- Changes a public API or semantics thus introducing a breaking change

- Adds large dependencies

- Changes versions of existing dependencies

- Adds a large amount of code

- Makes lots of modifications in one "big bang" change

## Contributing Code Changes

Generally, TinkerPop uses JIRA to track logical issues, including bugs and improvements, and uses GitHub pull requests to manage the review and merge of specific code changes. That is, JIRA issues are used to describe what should be fixed or changed, and high-level approaches, and pull requests describe how to implement that change in the project’s source code.

As a first step to making a contribution, consider JIRA:

1. Find the existing JIRA ticket that the change pertains to.

   1. Do not create a new ticket if creating a change to address an existing issue in JIRA; add to the existing discussion and work instead.

   2. Look for existing pull requests that are linked from the ticket, to understand if someone is already working on the JIRA.

2. If the change is new, then it usually needs a new ticket. However, trivial changes, where the change is virtually the same as the how it should change do not require a JIRA (e.g. "Fix typos in Foo javadoc").

3. If required, create a new ticket:

   1. Provide a descriptive Title and a detailed Description. For bug reports, this should ideally include a short reproduction of the problem.

   2. Set required fields - these are detailed later in this document in the Issue Tracker Conventions section.

4. If the change is a large change, consider inviting discussion on the issue at dev@tinkerpop.apache.org first before proceeding to implement the change.

Next, make changes and prepare a pull request:

1. Fork and then clone the Apache TinkerPop GitHub repository if not already done.

2. Make changes in the fork

   1. It is typically best to create a branch for the changes. Consider naming that branch after the JIRA issue number to easily track what that branch is for.

   2. Consider which release branch (e.g. `master`, `3.3-dev` - consult the Branches Section for more information) to create the development branch from in the first place. In other words, is the change to be targeted at a specific TinkerPop version (e.g. a patch to an older version)? When in doubt, please ask on dev@tinkerpop.apache.org.

3. Build the project and run tests.

   1. A simple build can be accomplished with maven: `mvn clean install`.

   2. Often, a "simple build" isn’t sufficient and integration tests are required: `mvn clean install -DskipIntegrationTests=false -DincludeNeo4j`. Note that Hadoop must be running for the integration tests to execute.

   3. Docker can help simplify building and testing: `docker/build.sh -t -i -n`

   4. Please see the Building and Testing section for more building and testing options.

4. Consider whether documentation or tests need to be added or updated as part of the change, and add them as needed.

   1. Nearly all changes should include a modification to the `CHANGELOG.asciidoc` file - one or more entries to help summarize the change.

   2. Some changes will require updates to the Upgrade Documentation. Updates to this documentation are usually reserved for major new features and breaking changes.

   3. Docker can help simplify documentation generation: `docker/build.sh -d`

   4. Please see the Building and Testing section for more documentation generation options.

5. Open the pull request against the appropriate branch on the Apache TinkerPop repository.

   1. Target the pull request at the appropriate branch in TinkerPop’s repository

   2. Prefix the name of the pull request with the JIRA issue number (include a brief description after that).

   3. Include a link to the ticket in JIRA in the pull request description.

   4. Include a rough synopsis of how the changes were tested. This might be as simple as "Ran mvn clean install to success and performed manual testing in the Gremlin Console".

   5. Include other descriptive elements about the change if they are not already included in the JIRA ticket.

   6. Automated builds will occur with Travis. Please be sure that the pull request passes those builds and correct them if there are problems.

Once the pull request has been placed it will go into review:

1. Other reviewers, including committers, may comment on the changes and suggest modifications. Changes can be added by simply pushing more commits to the same branch.

2. Lively, polite, rapid technical debate is encouraged from everyone in the community. The outcome may be a rejection of the entire change.

3. Reviewers can indicate that a change looks suitable for merging with by providing a "+1". Please see the Review then Commit process for more details.

4. Sometimes, other changes will be merged which conflict with your pull request’s changes. The PR can’t be merged until the conflict is resolved. In these cases the PR must be rebased, conflicts resolved and the resulting changes force pushed back to the branch.

5. Try to be responsive to the discussion rather than let days pass between replies.

6. Reviewers may request additional pull requests (e.g. one for each release branch that it may be related to) if the changes brings extensive conflict between branches.

On successful review, the pull request will be merged to the main repository and the JIRA issue will be closed.

## Versioning

TinkerPop version numbers follow a format of `MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH`, where:

- `MAJOR` version is incremented for epochs of thinking around TinkerPop and its relation to the graph ecosystem.

- `MINOR` version is incremented when incompatible changes cannot be avoided.

- `PATCH` version is incremented when changes are backward compatible.

The number for `MAJOR` rarely changes and when it does, it typically represents a complete re-write of the software and thus massive changes can be expected. As a result of the definition for `MAJOR`, we tend to focus on the other two numbers when considering where changes will land.

The driving question for determining if a change is suitable for `MINOR` or `PATCH` versions is whether or not the change introduces some form of incompatibility. As the focus for making the determination is "breaking change", we therefore allow the option for new features to land in `PATCH` versions. Taking this approach, lengthens the life span of `MINOR` versions considerably which is helpful to graph providers looking for stable long-lived support for a particular release line.

With all of the above rules in mind, there are some subtle considerations that have come into play in the past when trying to determine where a change should land:

- A `PATCH` has been known to take a breaking change if that breaking change:

  - Is necessary to fix a critical bug

  - Has a limited breaking scope (e.g. a utility class that no one would likely use, a break that affects graph providers only)

- It is preferred that "major" new features go to `MINOR`, but it is sometimes the case that they will make their way to `PATCH` if that change provides significant enough value.

- As `PATCH` release numbers get higher, there is less incentive to push new features there as there is likely new focus on the next unreleased `MINOR`.

- The preference is to find deprecation paths whenever possible.

In short, the dev mailing list is open to discussion on where a change will land. The discussion just needs to have good reasoning and use the general principles above as a framework for coming to a consensus.

# Development Environment

TinkerPop is fairly large body of code spread across many modules and covering multiple programming languages. Despite this complexity, it remains relatively straightforward a project to build. This following subsections explain how to configure a development environment for TinkerPop.

## System Configuration

At a minimum, development of TinkerPop requires Java 8 but it is preferable to use Java 11 cross-compiled to Java 8 (the cross-compilation happens automatically as part of the build). Maven (requiring a minimum of Maven 3.3.9+) is used as the common build system, which even controls the builds of non-JVM GLVs such as `gremlin-python`. Java and Maven are described as a "minimum" for a development environment, because they will only build JVM portions of TinkerPop and many integration tests will not fire with this simple setup. It is possible to get a clean and successful build with this minimum, but it will not be possible to build non-JVM aspects of the project and those will go untested.

To gain the ability to execute all aspects of the TinkerPop build system, other environmental configurations must be established. Those prerequisites are defined in the following subsections.

Important | Use Java 11 for documentation generation with `bin/process-docs.sh` and for other build features outside of the basic `mvn clean install` sort of function.

Important | For those who intend to offer a contribution, building with a minimal configuration may not be sufficient when submitting a pull request. Consider setting up the full environment.

Note | For those using Windows, efforts have been made to keep the build OS independent, but, in practice, it is likely that TinkerPop’s build system will only allow for a minimum build at best.

### Groovy Environment

Groovy is not used in the standard build, but when generating documentation it does require the loading of a Gremlin Console instance. The Gremlin Console is Groovy-based and the documentation bootstrapping loads TinkerPop plugins which requires proper configuration of Graph/Ivy dependency loaders as described in the Gremlin Applications Section of the Reference Documentation.

The base configuration described in that link may need to be modified if there is a desire to work with the Gremlin Console (for documentation generation or just general testing) in a way that utilizes SNAPSHOT releases in the Apache Snapshots Repository. In that case, the `grapeConfig.xml` will need to include a resolver for that repository and the basic Ivy configuration will look as follows:

    <ivysettings>
      <settings defaultResolver="downloadGrapes"/>
      <resolvers>
        <chain name="downloadGrapes" returnFirst="true">
          <filesystem name="cachedGrapes">
            <ivy pattern="${user.home}/.groovy/grapes/[organisation]/[module]/ivy-[revision].xml"/>
            <artifact pattern="${user.home}/.groovy/grapes/[organisation]/[module]/[type]s/[artifact]-[revision](-[classifier]).[ext]"/>
          </filesystem>
          <ibiblio name="localm2" root="${user.home.url}/.m2/repository/" checkmodified="true" changingPattern=".*" changingMatcher="regexp" m2compatible="true"/>
          <ibiblio name="jcenter" root="https://jcenter.bintray.com/" m2compatible="true"/>
          <ibiblio name="ibiblio" m2compatible="true"/>
          <ibiblio name="apache-snapshots" root="http://repository.apache.org/snapshots/" m2compatible="true"/>
        </chain>
      </resolvers>
    </ivysettings>

The above configuration is just a modification of the default. Perhaps the most lean common configuration might just be:

    <ivysettings>
      <settings defaultResolver="downloadGrapes"/>
      <resolvers>
        <chain name="downloadGrapes">
          <ibiblio name="local" root="file:${user.home}/.m2/repository/" m2compatible="true"/>
          <ibiblio name="central" root="https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/" m2compatible="true"/>
        </chain>
      </resolvers>
    </ivysettings>

In the above case, the configuration largely relies on the standard Maven builds to create a well cached `.m2` directory. Under typical development circumstances, SNAPSHOT will find themselves deployed there locally and that is all that will be required for Grape to do its work.

As a final word, it is important to take note of the order used for these references as Grape will check them in the order they are specified and depending on that order, an artifact other than the one expected may be used which is typically an issue when working with SNAPSHOT dependencies.

### Documentation Environment

The documentation generation process is not Maven-based and uses shell scripts to process the project’s asciidoc. The scripts should work on Mac and Linux.

To generate documentation, it is required that Hadoop 2.7.x is running in pseudo-distributed mode. Be sure to set the `HADOOP_GREMLIN_LIBS` environment variable as described in the reference documentation. It is also important to set the `CLASSPATH` to point at the directory containing the Hadoop configuration files, like `mapred-site.xml`.

The `/etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml` file prefers this configuration over the one provided in the Hadoop documentation referenced above:

    <configuration>
        <property>
            <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
            <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
        </property>
        <property>
            <name>yarn.nodemanager.vmem-check-enabled</name>
            <value>false</value>
        </property>
        <property>
            <name>yarn.nodemanager.vmem-pmem-ratio</name>
            <value>4</value>
        </property>
    </configuration>

Also note that awk version `4.0.1` is required for documentation generation. The YARN recipe also uses the `zip` program to create an archive so that needs to be installed, too, if you don’t have it already.

Documentation can be generated locally with:

    bin/process-docs.sh

Documentation is generated to the `target/docs` directory. It is also possible to generate documentation locally with Docker. `docker/build.sh -d`.

To generate the web site locally, there is no need for any of the above infrastructure. Site generation is a simple shell script:

    bin/generate-home.sh

The site will be generated to the `target/site/home` directory.

### Python Environment

As of TinkerPop 3.2.2, the build optionally requires Python to build the `gremlin-python` module. If Python is not installed, TinkerPop will still build with Maven, but native Python tests and Java tests that require Python code will be skipped. Developers should also install pip and virtualenv (version 15.0.2 - older versions may cause build failures).

The build expects Python a `python3` installation which should be 3.5.3 or better. Python also tests kerberos and therefore requires:

    sudo apt install libkrb5-dev krb5-user

Once the Python environment is established, the full building and testing of `gremlin-python` may commence. It can be done manually from the command line with:

    mvn clean install -Pglv-python

which enables the "glv-python" Maven profile or in a more automated fashion simply add a `.glv` file to the root of the `gremlin-python` module which will signify to Maven that the environment is Python-ready. The `.glv` file need not have any contents and is ignored by Git. A standard `mvn clean install` will then build `gremlin-python` in full.

The build also requires Python to execute `gremlin-console` integration tests. The integration test is configured by a "console-integration-tests" Maven profile. This profile can be activated manually or can more simply piggy-back on the `.glv` file in `gremlin-python`. Note that unlike `gremlin-python` the tests are actually integration tests and therefore must be actively switched on with `-DskipIntegrationTests=false`:

    mvn clean install -pl gremlin-console -DskipIntegrationTests=false

Tip | For those who do not have a full Maven environment, please see this section for how Docker can be used to help run tests.

See the Release Environment section for more information on release manager configurations.

### DotNet Environment

The build optionally requires .NET Core SDK (>=3.1) to work with the `gremlin-dotnet` module. If .NET Core SDK is not installed, TinkerPop will still build with Maven, but .NET projects will be skipped.

`gremlin-dotnet` can be built and tested from the command line with:

    mvn clean install -Pgremlin-dotnet

which enables the "gremlin-dotnet" Maven profile or in a more automated fashion simply add a `.glv` file to the `src` and `test` directories of the `gremlin-dotnet` module which will signify to Maven that the environment is .NET-ready. The `.glv` file need not have any contents and is ignored by Git. A standard `mvn clean install` will then build `gremlin-dotnet` in full.

In order to pack the Gremlin.Net.Template project, it is also necessary to install Mono. The template can still be built and tested without Mono but packing will be skipped. To pack the template (which will also download the NuGet CLI tool) the `nuget` property has to be set:

    mvn clean install -Dnuget

Tip | For those who do not have a full Maven environment, please see this section for how Docker can be used to help run tests.

See the Release Environment section for more information on release manager configurations.

### JavaScript Environment

When building `gremlin-javascript`, mvn command will include a local copy of Node.js runtime and npm inside your project using `com.github.eirslett:frontend-maven-plugin` plugin. This copy of the Node.js runtime will not affect any other existing Node.js runtime instances in your machine.

To run the development and build scripts of `gremlint` and its corresponding web page `docs/gremlint`, Node.js and npm have to be installed. When generating or publishing the TinkerPop website, the `docs/gremlint` web page has to be built. Consequently, the scripts `bin/generate-home.sh` and `bin/publish-home.sh` require that Node.js and npm are installed. Version 5.2.0 or newer of npm is recommended, as it comes pre-bundled with npx which provides tooling to easily serve the generated website locally. This is covered in more detail in the Site section.

Tip | For those who do not have a full Maven environment, please see this section for how Docker can be used to help run tests.

See the Release Environment section for more information on release manager configurations.

### Docker Environment

The build optionally requires Docker to build Docker images of Gremlin Server and Gremlin Console. The Docker images can be built from the command line with:

    mvn clean install -pl gremlin-server,gremlin-console -DdockerImages

which enables the "docker-images" Maven profile.

### Release Environment

This section is only useful to TinkerPop release managers and describes prerequisites related to deploying an official release of TinkerPop. All Apache releases must be signed. Please see this guide in the Apache documentation for instructions on to set up gpg. Keys should be added to KEYS files in both the development and release distribution directories and committed using Apache Subversion (SVN).

Maven needs to be configured to deploy maven artifacts. Apache LDAP credentials can be used for this. Release managers should encrypt their Apache LDAP password as described in the Apache Maven docs. The encrypted password can then be configured in the `settings.xml` as described in the section "Set up your development environment" of this Apache Infra article. This configuration will be used by `mvn deploy`.

For Python releases, uploading to pypi uses twine which is automatically installed by the build process in maven. Twine refers to `HOME/.pypirc` file for configuration on the pypi deploy environments and username and password combinations. The file typically looks like this:

    [distutils]
    index-servers=
        pypi
        pypitest

    [pypitest]
    username = <username>
    password =

    [pypi]
    repository = https://pypi.python.org/pypi
    username = <username>
    password =

The release manager shall use the project’s pypi credentials, which are available in the PMC SVN repository. The `password` should be left blank so the deployment process in Maven will prompt for it at deployment time.

For .NET releases, install Mono. The release process is known to work with 6.12.0, so it is best to probably install that version. Release managers should probably also do an install of nuget 3.4.4 as it will help with environmental setup. To get an environment ready to deploy to NuGet, it is necessary to have a NuGet API key. First, create an account with nuget and request that a PMC member add your account to the Gremlin.Net and the Gremlin.Net.Template package in nuget so that you can deploy. Next, generate an API key for your account on the nuget website. The API key should be added to `NuGet.Config` with the following:

    mono nuget.exe setApiKey [your-api-key]

This should update `~/.config/NuGet/NuGet.Config` a file with an entry containing the encrypted API key. On `mvn deploy`, this file will be referenced on the automated `nuget push`.

To deploy `gremlin-javascript` on the npm registry, the release manager must set the authentication information on the ~/.npmrc file. The easiest way to do that is to use the `npm adduser` command. This must be done only once, as the auth token doesn’t have an expiration date and it’s stored on your file system. If this account is newly created then request that a PMC member add your account to the "gremlin" package on npm.

Deploying Docker images to Docker Hub requires an account that is a member of the TinkerPop organization. So if you don’t already have an account on Docker Hub then create one and request that a PMC member adds your account to the TinkerPop organization. Afterwards, authentication information needs to be added to the `~/.docker/config.json` file. This information can simply be added with the `docker login` command which will ask for credentials. This must be done only once. Finally, `docker push` can be used to push images to Docker Hub which will be done automatically on `mvn deploy` or it can be triggered manually with `mvn dockerfile:push`.

## Building and Testing

The following commands are a mix of Maven flags and shell scripts that handle different build operations

- Build project: `mvn clean install`

  - Build a specific module (e.g. `gremlin-server`) within the project: `mvn clean install -pl gremlin-server`

  - Build without assertions for "iterator leaks" which are enabled by default: `mvn clean install -DtestIteratorLeaks=false`

  - Specify specific tests in a TinkerPop Suite to run with the `GREMLIN_TESTS` environment variable, along with the Maven project list argument, e.g.:

        export GREMLIN_TESTS='org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.step.map.PathTest$Traversals,org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.PathTest'
        mvn -Dmaven.javadoc.skip=true --projects tinkergraph-gremlin test

  - Clean the `.groovy/grapes/org.apache.tinkerpop` directory on build: `mvn clean install -DcleanGrapes`

  - Turn off "heavy" logging in the "process" tests: `mvn clean install -DargLine="-DmuteTestLogs=true"`

  - The test suite for `neo4j-gremlin` is disabled by default - to turn it on: `mvn clean install -DincludeNeo4j`

- Generate test resources for `gremlin-io-test`: `mvn clean install -pl :gremlin-io-test -Dio`

- Regenerate toy graph data (only necessary given changes to IO classes): `mvn clean install -Dio` from `tinkergraph-gremlin` directory

  - If there are changes to the Gryo format, it may be necessary to generate the Grateful Dead dataset from GraphSON (see `IoDataGenerationTest.shouldWriteGratefulDead`)

- Start Gremlin Server with Docker using the standard test configuration: `docker/gremlin-server.sh`

- Check license headers are present: `mvn apache-rat:check`

- Build AsciiDocs (see Documentation Environment): `bin/process-docs.sh`

  - Build AsciiDocs (but don’t evaluate code blocks): `bin/process-docs.sh --dryRun`

  - Build AsciiDocs (but don’t evaluate code blocks in specific files): `bin/process-docs.sh --dryRun docs/src/reference/the-graph.asciidoc,docs/src/tutorial/getting-started,…​`

  - Build AsciiDocs (but evaluate code blocks only in specific files): `bin/process-docs.sh --fullRun docs/src/reference/the-graph.asciidoc,docs/src/tutorial/getting-started,…​`

  - Process a single AsciiDoc file: docs/preprocessor/preprocess-file.sh `pwd`/gremlin-console/target/apache-tinkerpop-gremlin-console-*-standalone "" "*" `pwd`/docs/src/xyz.asciidoc

- Build JavaDocs/JSDoc: `mvn process-resources -Djavadoc`

  - Javadoc to `target/site/apidocs` directory

  - JSDoc to the `gremlin-javascript/src/main/javascript/gremlin-javascript/doc/` directory

- Check for Apache License headers: `mvn apache-rat:check`

- Specify the seed used for `Random` in tests `mvn clean install -DtestSeed` - useful when a test fails, the seed will be printed in the build output so that the test can run with the same version of random (look for "TestHelper" logger in output)

- Check for newer dependencies: `mvn versions:display-dependency-updates` or `mvn versions:display-plugin-updates`

- Check the effective `pom.xml`: `mvn -pl gremlin-python -Pglv-python help:effective-pom -Doutput=withProfilePom.xml`

- Deploy JavaDocs/AsciiDocs: `bin/publish-docs.sh svn-username`

- Integration Tests: `mvn verify -DskipIntegrationTests=false`

  - Execute with the `-DincludeNeo4j` option to include transactional tests.

  - Execute with the `-DuseEpoll` option to try to use Netty native transport (works on Linux, but will fallback to Java NIO on other OS).

- Benchmarks: `mvn verify -DskipBenchmarks=false`

  - Reports are generated to the console and to `gremlin-tools/gremlin-benchmark/target/reports/benchmark`.

- Test coverage report: `mvn clean install -Dcoverage` - note that the `install` is necessary because report aggregation is bound to that part of the lifecycle.

  - Reports are generated to `gremlin-tools/gremlin-coverage/target/site`.

- `cd site`

  - Generate web site locally: `bin/generate-home.sh`

  - Publish web site: `bin/publish-home.sh <username>`

## Docker Integration

TinkerPop provides a shell script, that can start several build tasks within a Docker container. The required Docker images will be built automatically if they don’t exist yet. Thus the first invocation of the Docker script is expected to take some time.

The script can be found under `PROJECT_HOME/docker/build.sh`. The following tasks are currently supported:

- run standard test suite

- run integration tests

- build Java docs

- build user docs

A list of command line options is provided by `docker/build.sh --help`. The container will install, configure and start all required dependencies, such as Hadoop.

Options can be passed to Docker by setting the `TINKERPOP_DOCKER_OPTS` environment variable. A speed boost can be gained at the expense of memory by using tmpfs and the special directory `/usr/src/tinkermem`.

Build in-memory

    TINKERPOP_DOCKER_OPTS="--tmpfs /usr/src/tinkermem:exec,mode=0755,rw,noatime,size=2000m"

Disable IPv6 for Hadoop

    TINKERPOP_DOCKER_OPTS="--sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 --sysctl net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1"

A custom maven settings.xml can be supplied, for example, to point to a local proxy. Copy the `settings.xml` to the `PROJECT_HOME/` directory. The Docker script will detect and copy it to the running container.

If the container is used to generate the user docs, it will start a web server and show the URL that is used to host the HTML docs.

After finishing all tasks, the script will immediately destroy the container.

Docker can also be helpful to developers who do not want to run tests from a Maven environment, which may be a bit opaque when dealing with test failures and largely unhelpful for debugging. This situation is typically case for developers doing work on Gremlin Language Variants (e.g. Python). To help alleviate this problem, developers can start a standalone Gremlin Server with its standard test configuration that is used in the standard Maven build.

Generally speaking, most developers will want to test their code against the latest build of Gremlin Server in the TinkerPop repository. To do that, first be sure to build a Docker image of the current code:

    mvn clean install -DskipTests

Next, generate the a Docker image for Gremlin Server with:

    mvn clean install -pl :gremlin-server -DdockerImages -DskipTests

Important | If changes are made to the repository that need to be reflected in the Gremlin Server Docker image then the old image should be removed and then the above commands re-executed.

Finally, start the server with:

    docker/gremlin-server.sh

Starting Gremlin Server this way makes it possible to run Gremlin Language Variant tests without Maven (for example, directly from a debugger) which should greatly reduce development friction for these environments.

It is also possible to specify the exact version of Gremlin Server to run with the test configuration. This version should be an existing Docker image version and must be an explicit version that maps to an actual TinkerPop artifact:

    docker/gremlin-server.sh 3.4.2

To be a bit more clear, the version can not be a Docker tag like "latest" because there is no such TinkerPop artifact that has been published with that version number.

## IDE Setup with Intellij

This section refers specifically to setup within Intellij. TinkerPop has a module called `gremlin-shaded` which contains shaded dependencies for some libraries that are widely used and tend to introduce conflicts. To ensure that Intellij properly interprets this module after importing the Maven `pom.xml` perform the following steps:

1. Build `gremlin-shaded` from the command line with `mvn clean install`.

2. Right-click on the `gremlin-shaded` module in the project viewer of Intellij and select "Remove module". If this menu option is not available (as is the case in newer versions of Intellij - first noticed in 13.1.5), then open the "Maven Projects" side panel, right click the `gremlin-shaded` module and select "Ignore Project".

3. In the "Maven Projects" Tool window and click the tool button for "Reimport All Maven projects" (go to `View | Tool Windows | Maven Projects` on the main menu if this panel is not activated).

4. At this point it should be possible to compile and run the tests within Intellij, but in the worst case, use `File | Invalidate Caches/Restart` to ensure that indices properly rebuild.

Note that it may be necessary to re-execute these steps if the `gremlin-shaded` `pom.xml` is ever updated.

Developers working on the `neo4j-gremlin` module should enabled the `include-neo4j` Maven profile in Intellij. This will ensure that tests will properly execute within the IDE.

If Intellij complains about "duplicate sources" for the Groovy files when attempting to compile/run tests, then install the GMavenPlus Intellij plugin.

The `gremlin-core` module uses a Java annotation processor to help support DSLs. To support this capability be sure that:

1. `File | Settings | Compiler | Annotation Processors` has the checkbox with the "Enable annotation processing" checked. Intellij should be able to detect the processor automatically on build.

2. The `gremlin-core/target` directory should not be hidden and `target/classes`, `target/generated-sources` and `target/generated-test-sources` should be marked as "Generated Sources Root". If they are not setup that way by Intellij by default then simply right-click on them use the "Mark Directory with" option to make the appropriate selections.

The `gremlin-grammar` module requires ANTLR processing. While this processing is configured to execute with Maven, it can also be setup to generate parser files within Intellij itself on command:

1. Install the ANTLR4 Grammar Plugin for Intellij

2. Right-click on the `Gremlin.g4` file and "Configure ANTLR"

3. Set "Output directory where all output is generated" to `target/generated-sources/antlr4`

4. Set "Grammar file encoding" to `utf-8`

5. Set "Package/namespace for the generated code" to `org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.language.grammar`

6. Set "Language" to `Java`

7. Set "Case transformation in the Preview window" should be "Leave as-is"

8. The "generate parse tree listener" should be unchecked and the "generate parse tree visitor" should be checked.

With these settings it should be possible to right-click `Gremlin.g4` and "Generate ANTLR Recognizer" which will place the generated code in where specified at `target/generated-sources/antlr4`. Be sure to right-click the `antlr4` directory and "Mark directory as" "Generated Sources Root" which should allow Intellij to recognize it.

# For Committers

The guidelines that follow generally apply to those with commit access to the main repository, but those seeking to contribute will also find helpful information here on the development style and process for the project.

## Initial Setup

Once the Apache TinkerPop PMC has sent an invitation to a contributor to become a new committer and that contributor has accepted that invitation and provided their iCLA to Apache, then there are some administrative steps that the new committer can expect to go through to complete the process so that they have access to Apache resources like the Git repository. While the information for completing the process can be found in a multitude of places the following listing provides a summary of what to do next:

- Look for a welcome email from root_at_apache.org. This will contain your Apache user name

  - e.g. "Welcome to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF)!"

- Visit https://id.apache.org/reset/enter and enter your user name

- Look for a password reset email from root_at_apache.org. This will have been sent after you confirmed your user name, above.

  - e.g. "Password reset request for [username] from Apache ID"

- Visit the link provided in the password reset email, and choose a new password. ASF asks you to choose a strong one. You will see a "Password change successful" page when this is done.

- You will now have SVN access

  - svn.apache.org

- Try sending yourself an email at your new [username]@apache.org email address. It should forward to your primary address.

- Check your account details at username

- Link your accounts using gitbox (https://gitbox.apache.org/setup/)

  - Link your Apache account

  - Link your GitHub account

    - You will be asked to "Authorize Apache M.A.T.T."

  - Obtain MFA status

    - Visit id.apache.org and set your GitHub ID to be invited to the org

    - Wait for an email to arrive from "support_at_github.com", and click "Join @apache". Accept the invitation on github.com. Your new MFA status will not immediately be reflected on github, but you will get a confirmation email from noreply_at_github.com. Later, the status will read "MFA ENABLED"

      - e.g. "[GitHub] @asf-gitbox has invited you to join the @apache organization"

    - You can find yourself by searching in the Apache Committers listing

- Read the Apache Committer Guide and Apache Committer FAQ

- Read through the other sections of this document - the Developer Documentation - for more details on project procedures and other administrative items.

  - In particular, see Review then Commit

- If you have trouble committing, email dev@tinkerpop.apache.org

## Communication

TinkerPop has a user mailing list and a dev mailing list. As a committer, it is a good idea to join both.

TinkerPop also has a Slack channel for more real-time communication about the project among contributors, though it must be kept in mind that project discussion and decisions must occur on the dev mailing list mentioned above.

Occasionally, online meetings via video conference are held. These meetings are schedule via the dev mailing list about a week before they are to occur to find a day and time that is available for those interested in attending. On the day of the meeting, the meeting organizer will create a Google Hangout (or similar video conferencing link). At that point, all who are interested can attend. Meeting minutes should be taken and added to the Meetings section of this document using the pattern already established.

## Release Notes

There is a two-pronged approach to maintaining the change log and preparing the release notes.

1. For work that is documented in JIRA, run the release notes report to include all of the tickets targeted for a specific release. This report can be included in the release announcement.

2. The manual change log (`CHANGELOG.asciidoc`) can be used to highlight large changes, describe themes (e.g. "We focused on performance improvements") or to give voice to undocumented changes.

Given the dependence on the JIRA report for generating additions to the `CHANGELOG.asciidoc`, which uses the title of the issue as the line presented in the release note report, titles should be edited prior to release to be useful in that context. In other words, an issue title should be understandable as a change in the fewest words possible while still conveying the gist of the change.

Changes that break the public APIs should be marked with a "breaking" label and should be distinguished from other changes in the release notes.

## Branches

TinkerPop has several release branches:

- `3.0-dev` - 3.0.x (no longer maintained)

- `3.1-dev` - 3.1.x (no longer maintained)

- `3.2-dev` - 3.2.x (no longer maintained)

- `3.3-dev` - 3.3.x (no longer maintained)

- `3.4-dev` - 3.4.x (non-breaking bug fixes and enhancements)

- `3.5-dev` - 3.5.x (non-breaking bug fixes and enhancements)

- `master` - 3.6.x (current development)

- `4.0-dev` - 4.0.x (future development)

The branch description above that reads "non-breaking bug fixes and enhancements" simply means that within that release line (i.e. patch version) changes should not alter existing behavior, introduce new APIs, change serialization formats, modify protocols, etc. In this way, users and providers have an easy way to know that within a minor release line, they can be assured that their upgrades will not introduce potential problems. A good rule of thumb is to consider whether a client of one version within a release line can interact properly with a server version within that same line. If so, it is likely an acceptable change within that branch.

Changes to earlier branches should merge forward toward `master` (e.g. `3.5-dev` should merge to `master`). Please read more about this process in the Pull Requests section. Note that `4.0-dev` is rebased on `master` and currently behaves as a fresh repository as all 3.x content was removed.

Other branches may be created for collaborating on features or for RFC’s that other developers may want to inspect. It is suggested that the JIRA issue ID be used as the prefix, since that triggers certain automation, and it provides a way to account for the branch lifecycle, i.e. "Who’s branch is this, and can I delete it?"

For branches that are NOT associated with JIRA issues, developers should utilize their Apache ID as a branch name prefix. This provides a unique namespace, and also a way to account for the branch lifecycle.

Developers should remove their own branches when they are no longer needed.

## Tags

Tags are used for milestones, release candidates, and approved releases. Please refrain from creating arbitrary tags, as they produce permanent clutter.

## Issue Tracker Conventions

TinkerPop uses Apache JIRA as its issue tracker. JIRA is a very robust piece of software with many options and configurations. To simplify usage and ensure consistency across issues, the following conventions should be adhered to:

- An issue’s "status" should generally be in one of two states: `open` or `closed` (`reopened` is equivalent to `open` for our purposes).

  - An `open` issue is newly created, under consideration or otherwise in progress.

  - A `closed` issue is completed for purposes of release (i.e. code, testing, and documentation complete).

  - Issues in a `resolved` state should immediately be evaluated for movement to `closed` - issue become `resolved` by those who don’t have the permissions to `close`.

- An issue’s "type" should be one of two options: `bug` or `improvement`.

  - A `bug` has a very specific meaning, referring to an error that prevents usage of TinkerPop AND does not have a reasonable workaround. Given that definition, a `bug` should generally have very high priority for a fix.

  - Everything else is an `improvement` in the sense that any other work is an enhancement to the current codebase.

- The "component" should be representative of the primary area of code that it applies to and all issues should have this property set.

- Issues are not assigned "labels" with two exceptions:

  - The "breaking" label which marks an issue as one that is representative of a change in the API that might affect users or providers. This label is important when organizing release notes.

  - The "deprecation" label which is assigned to an issue that includes changes to deprecate a portion of the API.

- The "affects/fix version(s)" fields should be appropriately set, where the "fix version" implies the version on which that particular issue will completed. This is a field usually only set by committers.

- The "priority" field can be arbitrarily applied with one exception. The "trivial" option should be reserved for tasks that are "easy" for a potential new contributor to jump into and do not have significant impact to urgently required improvements.

- The "resolution" field which is set on the close of the issue should specify the status most closely related to why the issue was closed. In most cases, this will mean "Fixed" for a "Bug" or "Done" for an "Improvement". Only one resolution has special meaning and care should be taken with this particular option: "Later". "Later" means that the item is a good idea but likely will not be implemented in any foreseeable future. By closing uncompleted issues with this resolution, it should be easy to come back to them later when needed.

## Code Style

Contributors should examine the current code base to determine what the code style patterns are and should match their style to what is already present. Of specific note however, TinkerPop does not use "import wildcards" - IDEs should be adjusted accordingly to not auto-wildcard the imports.

## Build Server

TinkerPop uses Travis for CI services. The build status can be found here. Note that the CI process does not run all possible tests (e.g. Neo4j-related tests) as a full execution would likely exceed the allowable times for builds on these servers. Instead Travis runs a basic cross-section of tests selected to provide a reasonably high degree of confidence in the branch built.

## Deprecation

When possible, committers should avoid direct "breaking" change (e.g. removing a method from a class) and favor deprecation. Deprecation should come with sufficient documentation and notice especially when the change involves public APIs that might be utilized by users or implemented by providers:

- Mark the code with the `@Deprecated` annotation.

- Use javadoc to further document the change with the following content:

  - `@deprecated As of release 3.5.1, replaced by {@link SomeOtherClass#someNewMethod()}` - if the method is not replaced then the comment can simply read "not replaced". Additional comments that provide more context are encouraged.

  - `@see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/TINKERPOP-XXX">TINKERPOP-XXX</a>` - supply a link to the JIRA issue for reference - the issue should include the "deprecation" label.

- Be sure that deprecated methods are still under test - consider using javadoc/comments in the tests themselves to call out this fact.

- Create a new JIRA issue to track removal of the deprecation for future evaluation.

- Update the "upgrade documentation" to reflect the API change and how the reader should resolve it.

The JIRA issues that track removal of deprecated methods should be periodically evaluated to determine if it is prudent to schedule them into a release.

## Developing Tests

TinkerPop has a wide variety of test types that help validate its internal code as well as external provider code. There are "unit tests" and "integration tests". Unit tests execute on standard runs of `mvn clean install`. These tests tend to run quickly and provide a reasonable level of coverage and confidence in the code base. Integration tests are disabled by default and must be explicitly turned on with a special build property by adding `-DskipIntegrationTests=false` to the `mvn` execution. Integration tests run slower and may require external components to be running when they are executed. They are "marked" as separate from unit tests by inclusion of the suffix "IntegrateTest".

Here are some other points to consider when developing tests:

- Avoid use of `println` in tests and prefer use of a SLF4j `Logger` instance so that outputs can be controlled in a standard way.

- If it is necessary to create files on the filesystem, do not hardcode directories - instead, use the `TestHelper` to create directory structures. `TestHelper` will properly create file system structure in the appropriate build directory thus allowing proper clean-up between test runs.

- If writing tests in one of the test suites, like `gremlin-test`, it is important to remember that if a new `Graph` instance is constructed within the test manually, that it be closed on exit of that test. Failing to do this cleanup can cause problems for some graph providers.

- Tests that are designed to use a `GraphProvider` implementation in conjunction with `AbstractGremlinTest` and are in the `/test` directory should not be named with `Test` as the suffix, as this will cause them to execute in some environments without a `GraphProvider` being initialized by a suite. These types of tests should be suffixed with `Check` instead. Please see NativeNeo4jStructureCheck for an example.

### Gremlin Language Test Cases

Test cases for the Gremlin Language currently requires that the newly developed test be added in three places:

1. As a test written in Java in the `gremlin-test` module within the subpackages of `org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.step`

2. As a test written in Gherkin in the `gremlin-test` module in the `/features` subdirectory

When writing a Java test case for a Gremlin step, be sure to use the following conventions.

- The name of the traversal generator should start with `get`, use `X` for brackets, `_` for space, and the Gremlin-Groovy sugar syntax.

  - `get_g_V_hasLabelXpersonX_groupXaX_byXageX_byXsumX_name()`

- When creating a test for a step that has both a barrier and sideEffect form (e.g. `group()`, `groupCount()`, etc.), test both representations.

  - `get_g_V_groupCount_byXnameX()`

  - `get_g_V_groupCountXaX_byXnameX_capXaX()`

- The name of the actual test case should be the name of the traversal generator minus the `get_` prefix.

- The Gremlin-Groovy version of the test should use the sugar syntax in order to test sugar (as Gremlin-Java tests test standard syntax).

  - `g.V.age.sum`

- Avoid using lambdas in the test case unless that is explicitly what is being tested as OLAP systems will typically not be able to execute those tests.

- `AbstractGremlinProcessTest` has various static methods to make writing a test case easy.

  - `checkResults(Arrays.asList("marko","josh"), traversal)`

  - `checkMap(new HashMap<String,Long>() {{ put("marko",1l); }}, traversal.next())`

Gherkin tests follow some important conventions and have a sub-language that must be adhered to for the tests to function properly. Note that Gherkin tests are designed to support the testing of GLVs and at some point will likely replace the Java tests. If a new Java test is added and an associated Gherkin tests is not, the overall build will fail the `FeatureCoverageTest` of `gremlin-test` which validates that all tests written in Java are also implemented in Gherkin.

The basic syntax of a Gherkin test is as follows:

    Scenario: g_VX1X_unionXrepeatXoutX_timesX2X__outX_name
      Given the modern graph
      And using the parameter vId1 defined as "v[marko].id"
      And the traversal of
        """
        g.V(vId1).union(__.repeat(__.out()).times(2), __.out()).values("name")
        """
      When iterated to list
      Then the result should be unordered
        | result |
        | ripple |
        | lop |
        | lop   |
        | vadas |
        | josh  |

#### Scenario Name

The name of the scenario needs to match the name of the Java test. If it does not then the `FeatureCoverageTest` will fail.

#### Given

"Given" sets the context of the test. Specifically, it establishes the graph that will be used for the test. It conforms to the pattern of "Given the xxx graph" where the "xxx" may be one of the following:

- empty

- modern

- classic

- crew

- sink

- grateful

Never modify the data of any of the graphs except for the "empty" graph. The "empty" graph is the only graph that is guaranteed to be refreshed between tests. The "empty" graph maybe be modified by the traversal under test or by an additional "Given" option:

    Given the empty graph
    And the graph initializer of
      """
      g.addV("person").property(T.id, 1).property("name", "marko").property("age", 29).as("marko").
        addV("person").property(T.id, 2).property("name", "vadas").property("age", 27).as("vadas").
        addV("software").property(T.id, 3).property("name", "lop").property("lang", "java").as("lop").
        addV("person").property(T.id, 4).property("name","josh").property("age", 32).as("josh").
        addV("software").property(T.id, 5).property("name", "ripple").property("lang", "java").as("ripple").
        addV("person").property(T.id, 6).property("name", "peter").property("age", 35).as('peter').
        addE("knows").from("marko").to("vadas").property(T.id, 7).property("weight", 0.5).
        addE("knows").from("marko").to("josh").property(T.id, 8).property("weight", 1.0).
        addE("created").from("marko").to("lop").property(T.id, 9).property("weight", 0.4).
        addE("created").from("josh").to("ripple").property(T.id, 10).property("weight", 1.0).
        addE("created").from("josh").to("lop").property(T.id, 11).property("weight", 0.4).
        addE("created").from("peter").to("lop").property(T.id, 12).property("weight", 0.2)
      """

The above configuration will use the "empty" graph and initialize it with the specified traversal. In this case, that traversal loads the "empty" graph with the "modern" graph.

Once the graph for the test is defined, the context can be expanded to include parameters that will be applied to the traversal under test. Any variable value being used in the traversal under test, especially ones that require a specific type, should be defined as parameters. The structure for parameter definition looks like this:

    Given the modern graph
    And using the parameter vId1 defined as "v[marko].id"

In the above example, "vId1" is the name of the parameter that will be used in the traversal. The end of that line in quotes is the value of that parameter and should use the type system notation that has been developed for the TinkerPop Gherkin tests. The type system notation ensures that different language variants have the ability to construct the appropriate types expected by the tests.

The syntax of the type notation involves a prefix character to help denote the type, a value between two square brackets, optionally suffixed with some additional notation depending on the primary type.

- Edge - e[xxx] - The "xxx" should be replaced with a representation of an edge in the form of the `vertex_name-edgelabel→vertex_name`. This syntax may also include the `.id` suffix which would indicate getting the edge identifier or the `.sid` suffix which gets a string representation of the edge identifier.

- Lambda - c[xxx] - The "xxx" should contain a lambda written in Groovy.

- List - l[xxx,yyy,zzz,…​] - A comma separated collection of values that make up the list should be added to between the square brackets. These values respect the type system thus allowing for creation of lists of vertices, edges, maps, and any other available type.

- Map - m[xxx] - The "xxx" should be replaced with a JSON string. Note that keys and values will be parsed using the type notation system so that it is possible to have maps containing arbitrary keys and values.

- Numeric - d[xxx].y - The "xxx" should be replaced with a number. The suffix denoted by "y" should always be included to further qualify the type of numeric. The following options are available:

  - d - 32-bit Double

  - f - 32-bit Float

  - i - 32-bit Integer

  - l - 64-bit Long

  - m - Arbitrary-precision signed decimal numbers (i.e. BigDecimal in Java)

- Path - p[xxx,yyy,zzz,…​] - A comma separated collection of values that make up the `Path` should be added to between the square brackets. These values respect the type system thus allowing for creation of `Path` of vertices, edges, maps, and any other available type.

- Set - s[xxx,yyy,zzz,…​] - A comma separated collection of values that make up the set should be added to between the square brackets. These values respect the type system thus allowing for creation of sets of vertices, edges, maps, and any other available type.

- String - Any value not using the system notation will be interpreted as a string.

- T - t[xxx] - The "xxx" should be replaced with a value of the `T` enum, such as `id` or `label`.

- Vertex - v[xxx] - The "xxx" should be replaced with the "name" property of a vertex in the graph. This syntax may include the `.id` suffix which would indicate getting the vertex identifier or the `.sid` suffix which gets a string representation of the edge identifier.

In addition, parameter names should adhere to a common form as they hold some meaning to certain language variant implementations:

- General variables of no particular type should use `xx1`, `xx2` and `xx3`.

- A `Vertex` variable should be prefixed with "v" and be followed by the `id`, therefore, `v1` would signify a `Vertex` with the `id` of "1".

- An `Edge` variable follows the pattern of vertices but with a "e" prefix.

- The "id" of a `Vertex` or `Edge` is prefixed with "vid"`" or "eid" respectively followed by the `id`, thus, `vid1` would be "1" and refer to the `Vertex` with that `id`.

- `Function` variables should use `l1` and `l2`.

- `Predicate` variables should use `pred1`.

- `Comparator` variables should use `c1` and `c2`.

Finally, specify the traversal under test with the "Given" option "and the traversal":

    And the traversal of
      """
      g.V(vId1).union(__.repeat(__.out()).times(2), __.out()).values("name")
      """

It will be the results of this traversal that end up being asserted by Gherkin. When writing these test traversals, be sure to always use the method and enum prefixes. For example, use `__.out()` for an anonymous traversal rather than just `out()` and prefer `Scope.local` rather than just `local`.

If a particular test cannot be written in Gherkin for some reason or cannot be otherwise supported by a GLV, first, consider whether or not this test can be re-written in Java so that it will work for GLVs and then, second, if it cannot, then use the following syntax for unsupported tests:

    Scenario: g_V_outXcreatedX_groupCountXxX_capXxX
      Given an unsupported test
      Then nothing should happen because
        """
        The result returned is not supported under GraphSON 2.x and therefore cannot be properly asserted. More
        specifically it has vertex keys which basically get toString()'d under GraphSON 2.x. This test can be supported
        with GraphSON 3.x.
        """

#### When

The "When" options get the result from the traversal in preparation for assertion. There are two options to iterate:

- "When iterated to list" - iterates the entire traversal into a list result that is asserted

- "When iterated next" - gets the first value from the traversal as the result to be asserted

There should be only one "When" defined in a scenario.

#### Then

The "Then" options handle the assertion of the result. There are several options to consider:

- "the result should have a count of xxx" - assumes a list value in the result and counts the number of values in it

- "the result should be empty" - no results

- "the result should be ordered" - the exact results and should appear in the order presented

- "the result should be unordered" - the exact results but can appear any order

- "the result should be of" - results can be any of the specified values and in any order (use when guarantees regarding the exact results cannot be pre-determined easily - see the `range()`-step tests for examples)

These final three types of assertions mentioned above should be followed by a Gherkin table that has one column, where each row value in that column represents a value to assert in the result. These values are type notation respected as shown in the following example:

    Then the result should be unordered
      | result |
      | ripple |
      | lop |
      | lop   |
      | vadas |
      | josh  |

Another method of assertion is to test mutations in the original graph. Again, mutations should only occur on the "empty" graph, but they can be validated as follows:

    Scenario: g_V_outE_drop
      Given the empty graph
      And the graph initializer of
        """
        g.addV().as("a").addV().as("b").addE("knows").to("a")
        """
      And the traversal of
        """
        g.V().outE().drop()
        """
      When iterated to list
      Then the result should be empty
      And the graph should return 2 for count of "g.V()"
      And the graph should return 0 for count of "g.E()"

## Developing Benchmarks

Benchmarks are a useful tool to track performance between TinkerPop versions and also as tools to aid development decision making. TinkerPop uses OpenJDK JMH for benchmark development. The JMH framework provides tools for writing robust benchmarking code that avoid many of the pitfalls inherent in benchmarking JIT compiled code on the JVM. Example JMH benchmarks can be found here.

TinkerPop benchmarks live in the `gremlin-benchmark` module and can either be run from within your IDE or as a standalone uber-jar. The uber-jar is the JMH recommended approach and also makes it easy to distribute artifacts to various environments to gather benchmarking numbers. Having said that, in most cases it should be sufficient to run it from within the IDE.

Benchmarks will not run by default because they are time consuming. To enable benchmarks during the test phase do `-DskipBenchmarks=false`. To change the number of warmup iterations, measurement iterations, and forks you can do `mvn clean test -DskipBenchmarks=false -DdefaultForks=5 -DmeasureIterations=20 -DwarmupIterations=20`. Benchmark results will be output by default to the `benchmarks` directory in JSON format.

Benchmarks may also be run from the command line using the JMH runner. Build the uber-jar and simply run `java -jar gremlin-benchmark-TP-VERSION.jar`. To see a list of JMH runner options, add the `-h` flag.

The JUnit/JMH integration was inspired by the Netty projects microbenchmarking suite. Please refer to the Netty docs for more details. Presently there are 3 abstract benchmark classes that may be used as building blocks for your benchmarks; `AbstractBenchmarkBase`, `AbstractGraphBenchmark`, and `AbstractGraphMutateBenchmark`.

- `AbstractBenchmarkBase` - extend when your benchmark does not require a graph instance

- `AbstractGraphBenchmark` - extend when you are benchmarking read operations against a graph

- `AbstractGraphMutateBenchmark` - extend when you are benchmarking graph mutation operations eg. `g.addV()`, `graph.addVertex()`

## Review then Commit

Code modifications must go through a review-then-commit (RTC) process before being merged into a release branch. All committers should follow the pattern below, where "you" refers to the committer wanting to put code into a release branch.

- Make a JIRA ticket for the software problem you want to solve (i.e. a fix).

- Fork the release branch that the fix will be put into.

  - The branch name should be the JIRA issue identifier (e.g. `TINKERPOP-XXX`).

- Develop your fix in your branch.

- When your fix is complete and ready to merge, issue a pull request.

  - Be certain that the test suite is passing.

  - If you updated documentation, be sure that the `process-docs.sh` is building the documentation correctly.

- Before you can merge your branch into the release branch, you must have at least 3 +1 consensus votes from other committers OR a single +1 from a committer and a seven day review period for objections (i.e. a "cool down period") at which point we will assume a lazy consensus.

  - Please see the Apache Software Foundations regulations regarding Voting on Code Modifications.

  - With the "cool down" process and lazy consensus the single +1 may (should) come from the committer who submitted the pull request (in other words, the change submitter and the reviewer are the same person).

  - Committers are trusted with their changes, but are expected to request reviews for complex changes as necessary and not rely strictly on lazy consensus.

- Votes are issued by TinkerPop committers as comments to the pull request.

- Once either consensus position is reached, you are responsible for merging to the release branch and handling any merge conflicts.

  - If there is a higher version release branch that requires your fix (e.g. `3.y-1.z` fix going to a `3.y.z` release), multiple pull requests may be necessary (i.e. one for each branch).

- Be conscious of deleting your branch if it is no longer going to be used so stale branches don’t pollute the repository.

Note | These steps also generally apply to external pull requests from those who are not official Apache committers. In this case, the person responsible for the merge after voting is typically the first person available who is knowledgeable in the area that the pull request affects. Any additional coordination on merging can be handled via the pull request comment system.

For those performing reviews as part of this process it is worth noting that the notion of "review" is fairly wide for our purposes. TinkerPop has grown into a large and complex code base and very few people (if anyone) is knowledgeable on all of its modules. Detailed code reviews might often be difficult or impossible as a result.

To be clear, a "review" need not be specifically about the exact nature of the code. It is perfectly reasonable to review (and VOTE) in the following fashion:

- VOTE +1 - ran docker integration tests and everything passes

- VOTE +1 - reviewed the code in detail - solid pull request

- VOTE +1 - agree with the principle of this pull request but don’t fully understand the code

- VOTE +1 - read through the updated documentation and understand why this is important, nice

Non-committers are welcome to review and VOTE as well and while their VOTEs are not binding, they will be taken as seriously as non-binding VOTEs on releases. Reviewing and VOTEing on pull requests as a non-committer is a great way to contribute to the TinkerPop community and get a good pulse on the changes that are upcoming to the framework.

The following exceptions to the RTC (review-then-commit) model presented above are itemized below. It is up to the committer to self-regulate as the itemization below is not complete and only hints at the types of commits that do not require a review.

- You are responsible for a release and need to manipulate files accordingly for the release.

  - `Gremlin.version()`, CHANGELOG dates, `pom.xml` version bumps, etc.

- You are doing an minor change and it is obvious that an RTC is not required (would be a pointless burden to the community).

  - The fix is under the commit-then-review (CTR) policy and lazy consensus is sufficient, where a single -1 vote requires you to revert your changes.

  - Adding a test case, fixing spelling/grammar mistakes in the documentation, fixing LICENSE/NOTICE/etc. files, fixing a minor issue in an already merged branch.

When the committer chooses CTR, it is considered good form to include something in the commit message that explains that CTR was invoked and the reason for doing so. For example, "Invoking CTR as this change encompasses minor adjustments to text formatting." CTR based commits will still require manual merging through all release branches. Merges should occur in reverse order, starting with the latest release version first (e.g. if the fix is going to 3.3.x then the change should be merged in the following order `master`, `3.4-dev`, `3.3-dev`).

### Pull Requests

When submitting a pull request to one of the release branches, be sure it uses the following style:

- The title of the pull request is the JIRA ticket number + "colon" + the title of the JIRA ticket.

- The first line of the pull request message should contain a link to the JIRA ticket.

- Discuss what you did to solve the problem articulated in the JIRA ticket.

- Discuss any "extra" work done that go beyond the assumed requirements of the JIRA ticket.

- Be sure to explain what you did to prove that the issue is resolved.

  - Test cases written.

  - Integration tests run (if required for the work accomplished).

  - Documentation building (if required for the work accomplished).

  - Any manual testing (though this should be embodied in a test case).

- Notes about what you will do when you merge to the respective release branch (e.g. update CHANGELOG).

  - These types of "on merge tweaks" are typically done to extremely dynamic files to combat and merge conflicts.

- If you are a TinkerPop committer, you can VOTE on your own pull request, so please do so.

A pull request will typically be made to a target branch. Assuming that branch is upstream of other release branches (e.g. a pull request made to for the branch containing 3.3.x must merge to the branch that releases 3.4.x), it is important to be sure that those changes are merged to the downstream release branches. If the merge from one release branch to another is not terribly conflicted, it is likely safe to offer a single pull request and then merge through the release branches after review. If there is conflict or the likelihood of test failures in downstream branches then this process is best handled by multiple pull requests: one to each release branch. Release branches with merged changes should be pushed in reverse order, starting with the latest release version first (e.g. if the fix is going to 3.3.x then the change should be merged in the following order: `master`, 3.4-dev`, `3.3-dev`).

As an example, consider a situation where there is a feature branch named "TINKERPOP-1234" that contains a fix for the `3.4-dev` branch:

    `git checkout -b TINKERPOP-1234 3.4-dev`
    // do a bunch of stuff to implement TINKERPOP-1234 and commit/push
    git checkout -b <TINKERPOP-1234-master> master
    git merge TINKERPOP-1234

At this point, there are two branches, with the same set of commits going to `3.4-dev` and `master`. Voting will occur on both pull requests. After a successful vote, it is time to merge. If there are no conflicts, then simply `git merge` both pull requests to their respective branches. If there are conflicts, then there is some added work to do - time to rebase:

    git checkout TINKERPOP-1234
    git rebase origin/3.4-dev

Depending on the conflict, it might be a good idea to re-test before going any further, otherwise:

    git push origin TINKERPOP-1234 --force

Now, `git rebase` has re-written the commit history, which makes a mess of the other pull request to master. This problem is rectified by essentially re-issuing the PR:

    git checkout TINKERPOP-1234-master
    git reset --hard origin/master
    git merge TINKERPOP-1234

Again, depending on the changes, it may make sense to re-test at this point, otherwise:

    git push origin TINKERPOP-1234-master --force

It should now be safe to merge both pull requests to their release branches.

Important | Always take a moment to review the commits in a particular pull request. Be sure that they are all related to the work that was done and that no extraneous commits are present that cannot be explained. Ensuring a pull request only contains the expected commits is the responsibility of the committer as well as the reviewer.

## Dependencies

There are many dependencies on other open source libraries in TinkerPop modules. When adding dependencies or altering the version of a dependency, developers must consider the implications that may apply to the TinkerPop LICENSE and NOTICE files. There are two implications to consider:

1. Does the dependency fit an Apache approved license?

2. Given the addition or modification to a dependency, does it mean any change for TinkerPop LICENSE and NOTICE files?

Understanding these implications is important for insuring that TinkerPop stays compliant with the Apache 2 license that it releases under.

Regarding the first item, refer to the Apache Legal for a list of approved licenses that are compatible with the Apache 2 license.

The second item requires a bit more effort to follow. The Apache website offers a how-to guide on the approach to maintaining appropriate LICENSE and NOTICE files, but this guide is designed to offer some more specific guidance as it pertains to TinkerPop and its distribution.

To get started, TinkerPop has both "source" and "binary" LICENSE/NOTICE files:

- Source LICENSE/NOTICE relate to files packaged with the released source code distribution: LICENSE / NOTICE

- Binary LICENSE/NOTICE relate to files packaged with the released binary distributions:

  - Gremlin Console LICENSE / NOTICE

  - Gremlin Server LICENSE / NOTICE

### Source LICENSE and NOTICE

As dependencies are not typically added to the source distribution (i.e. the source zip distribution), there is typically no need to edit source LICENSE/NOTICE when editing a TinkerPop `pom.xml`. These files only need to be edited if the distribution has a file added to it. Such a situation may arise from several scenarios, but it would most likely come from the addition of a source file from another library.

- If the file being bundled is Apache licensed, then add an entry to NOTICE.

- If the file being bundled is under a different approved license, then add an entry to LICENSE and include a copy of that LICENSE in the root `/licenses` directory of the code repository.

### Binary LICENSE and NOTICE

The binary LICENSE/NOTICE is perhaps most impacted by changes to the various `pom.xml` files. After altering the `pom.xml` file of any module, build `gremlin-driver`, Gremlin Console and Gremlin Server and examine the contents of the binary distributions:

- target/gremlin-driver-3.5.1-uber.jar

- target/gremlin-console-3.5.1-uber.jar

- target/apache-tinkerpop-gremlin-console-3.5.1-distribution.zip

- target/apache-tinkerpop-gremlin-server-3.5.1-distribution.zip

Apache licensed software does not need to be included in LICENSE, but if the new dependency is an Apache-approved license (e.g. BSD, MIT) then it should be added in the pattern already defined. A copy of the LICENSE should be added to the `<project>/src/main/static/licenses` directory of the code repository and the `maven-shade-plugin` section of the `gremlin-console` and `gremlin-driver` `pom.xml` files should be updated to reference this new license file so that it is included in the uber jar.

To determine if changes are required to the NOTICE, first check if the bundled jar has a NOTICE file in it (typically found in `/META-INF` directory of the jar).

- If the bundled file does not have a NOTICE, then no changes to TinkerPop’s NOTICE are required.

- If the NOTICE of the file being bundled is NOT Apache licensed, then there is no change to TinkerPop’s NOTICE.

- If the NOTICE of the file being bundled is Apache licensed, then include the copyright notification in TinkerPop’s NOTICE.

- If the NOTICE of the file being bundled is Apache licensed AND is an Apache Software Foundation project, then ONLY include the portion of that NOTICE in TinkerPop’s NOTICE that is unrelated to the Apache boilerplate NOTICE. If there is no such portion that is different than the boilerplate then this NOTICE can be excluded (i.e. don’t alter TinkerPop’s NOTICE at all).

Please refer to the Modifications to Notice section of the Apache "Licensing How-to" for more information.

## Documentation

The documentation for TinkerPop is stored in the git repository in `docs/src/` and are then split into several subdirectories, each representing a "book" (or its own publishable body of work). If a new AsciiDoc file is added to a book, then it should also be included in the `index.asciidoc` file for that book, otherwise the preprocessor will ignore it. Likewise, if a whole new book (subdirectory) is added, it must include an `index.asciidoc` file to be recognized by the AsciiDoc preprocessor.

Adding a book also requires a change to the root `pom.xml` file. Find the "asciidoc" Maven profile and add a new `<execution>` to the `asciidoctor-maven-plugin` configuration. For each book in `docs/src/`, there should be a related `<execution>` that generates the HTML from the AsciiDoc. Follows the patterns already established by the existing `<execution>` entries, paying special attention to the pathing of the '<sourceDirectory>', `<outputDirectory>` and `<imagesdir>`. Note that the `<outputDirectory>` represents where the book will exist when uploaded to the server and should preserve the directory structure in git as referenced in `<sourceDirectory>`.

Adding Gremlin code examples to any of the docs/src/recipes or to docs/src/reference/the-traversal.asciidoc also has the effect of improving testing of the Gremlin language. All Gremlin found in code sections that are marked as `[gremlin-groovy]` are tested in two ways:

1. When `mvn clean install` is executed all such Gremlin are passed through the grammar parser to ensure validity. As the grammar parser is not a Groovy parser, the test framework attempts to filter away or ignore things it can’t possibly parse. Ideally, examples should be written in such a way as to be parsed by the grammar, but in cases where it cannot be as such, the test suite simply needs to be modified to suitably ignore the example.

2. When the documentation is built, the code snippets are actually executed and errors will result in a failure to build the documentation.

Please see the Building and Testing section for more information on how to generate the documentation.

### Asciidoc Formatting Tips

Use Asciidoctor

Asciidoc may render differently with different tools. What may look proper and correct with an IDE may be different than what is ultimately generated during the official build of the documentation which uses Asciidoctor. As a result it’s best to not rely on any other view of changes besides one generated by Asciidoctor.

Anonymous Traversal Formatting

The double underscore (i.e. `__`) does not typically render right and requires such code to be wrapped with ``pass:[__`]` or ``+__+``.

Cause: #1717, #1066

Non-whitespace After Backtick

Use double backtick if there is non-whitespace immediately following the trailing backtick. So rather than: `ScriptInputFormat`'s, prefer ``ScriptInputFormat``'s.

Original: […​] globally available for `ScriptInputFormat’s `parse()` method

Fixed: […​] globally available for `ScriptInputFormat`'s `parse()` method

Cause: #1514

## Site

The content for the TinkerPop home page and related pages that make up the web site at tinkerpop.apache.org is stored in the git repository under `/docs/site`. In this way, it becomes easier for the community to provide content presented there, because the content can be accepted via the standard workflow of a pull request. To generate the site for local viewing, run `bin/generate-home.sh`, which will build the site in `target/site/`. Note that Node.js and npm have to be installed in order for the script to work. See the JavaScript Environment section for more info about what parts of TinkerPop depend on Node.js and npm. While most of the generated website files can be viewed locally by opening them in a browser, some of them rely on imported resources that will be blocked by the browser’s same-origin policy if not served from a single origin using a web server. The generated website can be served locally by running `npx serve target/site/home`. PMC members can officially publish the site with `bin/publish-home.sh <username>`.

"Publishing" does not publish documentation (e.g. reference docs, javadocs, etc) and only publishes what is generated from the content in `/docs/site`. Publishing the site can be performed out of band with the release cycle and is no way tied to a version. The `master` branch should always be considered the "current" web site and publishing should only happen from that branch.

## Logging

TinkerPop uses SLF4j for logging and typically leans back on Log4j as the implementation. Configuring log outputs for debugging purposes within tests can be altered by editing the `log4j-test.properties` file in each module’s test resources. That file gets copied to the `target/test-classes` on build and surefire and failsafe plugins in maven are then configured to point at that area of the file system for those configuration files. The properties files can be edited to fine tune control of the log output, but generally speaking the current configuration is likely best for everyone’s general purposes, so if changes are made please revert them prior to commit.

## IO Documentation and Testing

The IO Documentation provides more details into GraphML, GraphSON and Gryo with a special focus on the needs of developers who are working directly with these formats. GraphSON gets the greatest focus here as it is used as the primary IO format for GLVs. This documentation is largely generated from the `gremlin-io-test` module found under `gremlin-tools`. The `gremlin-io-test` module also includes a testing framework which validates that formats don’t break between TinkerPop versions. Unfortunately, this module requires some maintenance to ensure that the documentation and tests both stay updated.

The `gremlin-io-test` module contains a set of files in the test resources that are statically bound to the version in which they were generated. Older versions should never be modified. The only time changes to these resources should be accepted should be for the current `SNAPSHOT` version. The test resources are generated from the `Model` class which contains the objects that will undergo serialization for purpose of testing. Note that these same objects in the `Model` are also used to generate documentation.

To generate these test resources and documentation snippets based on the `Model`, use this Maven command:

    mvn clean install -pl :gremlin-io-test -Dio

This command will generate two directories in the `/target` output directory of `gremlin-io-test`: `test-case-data` and `dev-docs`. The contents of `test-case-data` represents the serialized `Model` objects that can be copied to the test resources and the contents of the `dev-docs` contains asciidoc snippets that can be copied to the IO documentation.

Generating data files in the fashion mentioned above with Maven is only good for versions of TinkerPop on the 3.3.x line because the `gremlin-io-test` module did not exist in 3.2.x. Of course, compatibility is still tested back to those older versions. To generate test data from 3.2.x, there are Groovy scripts in the comments of the `gryo.asciidoc` and `graphson.asciidoc` files that can copy/pasted to the Gremlin Console. They will generate the batch of test files needed for `gremlin-io-test`.

When does this command need to be executed?

1. If a new object is added to the `Model` - in this case, the newly created data files should be copied to the appropriate test resource directory for the current `SNAPSHOT` version and the appropriate asciidoc snippet added to the IO asciidocs.

2. After the release of a new TinkerPop version - in this case, a new test resource directory should be created for the `SNAPSHOT` version and the generated `test-case-data` copied in appropriately.

The second case, does require some additional discussion. When a new version is added the following classes will need to be updated in the following ways:

GraphBinaryCompatibility - Include new GraphBinary 1.0 enums for the current `SNAPSHOT`.

    V1_3_4_3("3.4.3", "1.0", "v1"),
    V1_3_4_4("3.4.4", "1.0", "v1");

GryoCompatibility - Include new Gryo 1.0 and 3.0 enums for the current `SNAPSHOT`.

    V1D0_3_3_x("3.3.x", "1.0", "v1d0"),
    V3D0_3_3_x("3.3.x", "3.0", "v3d0")

GraphSONCompatibility - Include new GraphSON enums for each of the various GraphSON configurations and versions.

    V1D0_3_3_x("3.3.x", "1.0", "v1d0"),
    V2D0_PARTIAL_3_3_x("3.3.x", "2.0", "v2d0-partial"),
    V2D0_NO_TYPE_3_3_x("3.3.x", "2.0", "v2d0-no-types"),
    V3D0_PARTIAL_3_3_x("3.3.x", "3.0", "v3d0");

GraphBinaryCompatibilityTest - Add the newly included `GraphBinaryCompatibility` enums to the test parameters being careful to match the appropriate "mapper" to the right version.

GryoCompatibilityTest - Add the newly included `GryoCompatibility` enums to the test parameters being careful to match the appropriate "mapper" to the right version.

GraphSONUntypedCompatibilityTest - Add the newly included GraphSON 1.0 and 2.0 "untyped" enums to the test parameters being careful to match the appropriate "mapper" to the right version.

GraphSONTypedCompatibilityTest - Add the newly included GraphSON 3.0 and 2.0 "typed" enums to the test parameters being careful to match the appropriate "mapper" to the right version.

At this point, all of the IO tests are rigged up properly and assuming the test resources are available a standard `mvn clean install` should execute the compatibility tests and validate that everything is working as expected and that there are no breaks in serialization processes.

# For Providers

Graph Providers are those who develop third-party systems and libraries on top of the various TinkerPop APIs and protocols. They manage their projects independently of TinkerPop in separate repositories. Additional details for providers can be found in the Provider Documentation.

# Release Process

This document describes the steps required to release a version of TinkerPop. The release is handled by a "release manager" (a committer fulfills this role), who ensures that the steps in this document are executed. The process is multi-phased and can therefore take several weeks to complete given the time needed for Apache voting and community feedback. Once a release point has been identified, the following phases represent the flow of "release":

- Release manager key setup.

- Pre-flight check.

- Optionally, produce a release candidate for community feedback.

- Submit the official release for PMC vote.

- Release and promote.

Important | During release, it is best to use the current SNAPSHOT version of this documentation to ensure that you have the latest updates as almost every release includes improved documentation that may involve new or revised steps to execute.

Important | The following instructions assume that the release manager’s environment is setup properly for release and includes a `.glv` files in the various GLV modules, so that they all build in full.

## Development Versions

A "development version" or "snapshot" (in Java parlance) is not an "official" release. Artifacts produced for a snapshot are solely for the convenience of providers and other developers who want to use the latest releases of TinkerPop. These releases do not require a VOTE and do not require a "release manager". Any PMC member can deploy them. It is important to note that these releases cannot be promoted outside of the developer mailing list and should not be recommended for use beyond the purpose of evaluation and testing.

Important | A development release must contain the suffix "-SNAPSHOT" in the `pom.xml`.

For JVM-based artifacts, simply use the following command:

    mvn clean deploy

and artifacts will be pushed to the Apache Snapshot Repository. GLV development artifacts must be generated and deployed separately with additional commands:

    mvn clean install -Pglv-python
    mvn deploy -pl gremlin-python -Dpypi
    mvn clean install -pl :gremlin-dotnet,:gremlin-dotnet-source -Dnuget
    mvn deploy -pl :gremlin-dotnet-source -Dnuget
    mvn deploy -pl gremlin-javascript -Dnpm`

Python, .NET and Javascript do not use the snapshot model the JVM does, however, the build is smart in that it will dynamically generate a development version number for the GLV artifacts when "-SNAPSHOT" is in the `pom.xml`.

If you wish to verify that `mvn deploy` works before doing it officially then:

- For Python, use the `testpypi` test environment by updating the `gremlin-python/pom.xml`.

- For .NET, use the `staging.nuget.org` environment by updating the `gremlin-dot-source/pom.xml`

Important | The `clean` in the above commands is more important to the pypi deployment because the process will deploy anything found in the `target/python-packaged/dist` directory. Since the names of the artifacts are based on timestamps, they will not overwrite one another and multiple artifacts will get uploaded.

Warning | These commands will dynamically edit certain files in the various GLVs given automated version number changes. Take care to commit or not commit changes related to that as necessary.

## Release Manager Requirements

If this is your first time as release manager, you will need to setup keys for signing purposes per the Apache release process. Generally speaking, this will mean that you will need to generate a key-pair and then upload your public key to a public keyserver.

For a general overview of key basics, refer to this. For detailed step-by-step instructions, please follow the instructions here.

After completing the key-pair setup instructions, be sure to add yourself to the `PGP signature` section of `bin/validate-distribution.sh`.

    echo -n "  * PGP signature ... "
    [ `gpg ${ZIP_FILENAME}.asc 2>&1 | grep -c '^gpg: Good signature from "Stephen Mallette <spmallette@apache.org>"$'` -eq 1 ] || \
    [ `gpg ${ZIP_FILENAME}.asc 2>&1 | grep -c '^gpg: Good signature from "Marko Rodriguez <okram@apache.org>"$'` -eq 1 ] || \
    [ `gpg ${ZIP_FILENAME}.asc 2>&1 | grep -c '^gpg: Good signature from "Theodore Ratte Wilmes (CODE SIGNING KEY) <twilmes@apache.org>"'` -eq 1 ] || \
    { echo "failed"; exit 1; }
    echo "OK"

## Pre-flight Check

The "pre-flight check" is a list of things performed by the release manager during the weeks leading up to a scheduled day to release. These checks will help to ensure that that release day goes smoothly by identifying problems up early and communicating with other members of the community.

1. Fourteen days before release, issue an email to the dev mailing list to remind the community of the pending release.

   1. Note any important issues open in JIRA in that post.

   2. Request review and update of the "upgrade documentation" and CHANGELOG.

2. Seven days before release, announce the code freeze on the dev mailing list to remind the community that the branch under release is protected. Tweaks to documentation and other odds and ends related to release are still allowed during this period.

3. At some point during the week:

   1. Run a local build `mvn clean install`

   2. Run the full integration test suite: `docker/build.sh -t -i -n`

   3. Build and test the Docker images: `mvn clean install -pl gremlin-server,gremlin-console -DdockerImages`

   4. Ensure that the Gremlin.Net.Template gets packaged successfully: `mvn clean install -pl :gremlin-dotnet-source -Dnuget`

   5. Deploy a final SNAPSHOT to the Apache snapshot repository for Java.

   6. Review LICENSE and NOTICE files to make sure that no changes are needed.

   7. Review javadoc filters on the "Core API" docs to be sure nothing needs to change.

   8. Review JIRA tickets in the release and ensure that:

      1. All tickets categorized by having a "Component" assigned.

      2. All tickets are either of type "Bug" or "Improvement".

      3. All tickets where work was completed are "Closed"

         1. Search for "closed the pull request" in comments for hints on possible tickets that were left open by mistake.

         2. Look for tickets marked as "Resolved" as some users might not have rights to mark as "Closed" - convert these to "Closed".

      4. All tickets not marked "Fixed", "Done", or "Implemented" for their Resolution should not have a Fix Version assigned (use common sense when reviewing these tickets before removing the Fix Version as it is possible the incorrect Resolution may have been assigned).

   9. Be sure that `gremlin-io-test` has been updated (from 3.3.0 on - this module was not available prior to the 3.3.x line)

      1. This is typically a post-release task, but it’s worth checking to be sure in case the step was somehow overlooked.

      2. Instructions for updating the module are described in the IO Documentation and Testing Section.

4. When all documentation changes are in place, use `bin/publish-docs.sh` to deploy a final `SNAPSHOT` representation of the docs and thus validate that there are no issues with the documentation generation process. Request review of the published documentation on the dev mailing list.

## Release Candidate

A release candidate is an unofficial release that is represented by a tagged version in the Git repository. It is offered in cases where there is significant change in a particular version and the potential for upgrades and problems might be high. Release candidates do not require a vote thread. Lazy consensus is acceptable for confirming their deployment.

1. `mvn clean install`

2. `docker/build.sh -t -i -n`

3. `bin/publish-docs.sh <username>` - note that under a release candidate the documentation is published as SNAPSHOT

4. `mvn versions:set -DnewVersion=xx.yy.zz -DgenerateBackupPoms=false` to update the project files to reference a non-SNAPSHOT version

5. `mvn clean install -DskipTests` to update GLV versions

   1. Review `Gremlin.Net.csproj`, `Gremlin.Net.Template.csproj` and `Gremlin.Net.Template.nuspec` in `gremlin-dotnet`

   2. Review `package.json` in `gremlin-javascript`

6. `pushd gremlin-console/bin; ln -fs ../target/apache-tinkerpop-gremlin-console-xx.yy.zz-standalone/bin/gremlin.sh gremlin.sh; popd`

7. `git diff` and review the updated files

8. `git commit -a -m "TinkerPop xx.yy.zz release"` and `git push`

9. `git tag -a -m "TinkerPop xx.yy.zz release" xx.yy.zz` and `git push --tags`

10. `mvn clean install`

11. `mvn versions:set -DnewVersion=xx.yy.zz-SNAPSHOT -DgenerateBackupPoms=false` to go back to SNAPSHOT

12. `mvn clean install -DskipTests` to update GLV versions

    1. Review `Gremlin.Net.csproj`, `Gremlin.Net.Template.csproj` and `Gremlin.Net.Template.nuspec` in `gremlin-dotnet`

    2. Review `package.json` in `gremlin-javascript`

13. `pushd gremlin-console/bin; ln -fs ../target/apache-tinkerpop-gremlin-console-xx.yy.zz-SNAPSHOT-standalone/bin/gremlin.sh gremlin.sh; popd`

14. `git commit -a -m "Returned to xx.yy.zz-SNAPSHOT"` and `git push`

15. Announce the release candidate to `dev` mailing list and await feedback

16. Repeat as required or proceed to the next phase

Note that release candidates need not require the release of all artifacts. For example, if the risk is with one particular GLV, then a release candidate can be prepared of just that particular artifact. In those cases, a tag on the commit that represents the release candidate is sufficient and does not necessarily require that the versions be bumped to reflect the actual "-rc" version. In other words, if preparing a release candidate for .NET, then there is no need to go through the processing of bumping versions in Java artifacts and all GLVs. Nor is it necessary to alter the version of .NET to include the release candidate versioning. It can simply be altered locally by the release manager and deployed.

## PMC Vote

This section describes the process that process that prepares a release for VOTE by the community. If there are multiple releases (as there usually are) being prepared, it may be best for downstream releases to wait for upstream releases to complete their process to assure that no last minute commits are required to get the upstream release completed. It is up to the discretion of the release managers to decide how they wish to proceed with respect to preparing releases in parallel or in a more serial fashion.

1. By this point, the testing performed during the code freeze should have validated the release. If however there are additional tests to perform that the release manager feels are relevant, they should be performed now. In other words, there is no need to rebuild the `SNAPSHOT` yet another time unless there are circumstances that would call its validity into question.

2. Update `CHANGELOG.asciidoc`:

   1. Update the release date - the release date is the date of the vote. Double check the header to be sure that it is formatted properly - the easiest way to is to view the `CHANGELOG.asciidoc` to be sure that it produces a link in the GitHub viewer. The release date for all versions should be the same as the first release of the set even if the release vote does not begin on the same day. In other words if 3.2.x has a vote date of "October, 1 2018" then 3.3.x should also have that date even if the vote thread for 3.3.x doesn’t start until the day after.

   2. Generate the JIRA release notes report for the current version and append them to the `CHANGELOG.asciidoc`.

      1. Use an "advanced" search to filter out JIRA issues already released on other versions. For example: `project = TINKERPOP and status = Closed AND fixVersion = 3.2.0 ORDER BY type, Id ASC`.

      2. Consider use of an "Excel" export to organize and prepare the JIRA tickets to be pasted to `CHANGELOG.asciidoc`. This formula can help construct each line item for the CHANGELOG if column `A` is the issue number, `B` is the issue title and `D` is the label field: `="* "&A2&" "&B2&(IF(D2="breaking"," *(breaking)*",""))`

      3. Be sure to include a link to other versions in the `CHANGELOG.asciidoc` that were previously released while the current release was under development as this new release will have those changes included within it. Please see 3.2.1 for an example.

   3. Format "breaking" changes to be clearly marked (use JIRA and the "breaking" label to identify those - already accounted for if using the suggested formula above)

3. Update "upgrade documentation":

   1. Update the release date.

   2. Update the link to `CHANGELOG.asciidoc` - this link may already be correct but will not exist until the repository is tagged.

4. Update homepage with references in `/site` to latest distribution and to other internal links elsewhere on the page.

   1. This step should only be performed by the release manager for the newest line of code (i.e. if release 3.3.x, 3.2.x and 3.1.x, then only do this step for 3.3.x (`3.3-dev` branch), and update the site for all releases).

   2. Update the `template/header-footer.html`.

   3. Update `index.html`.

   4. Update Downloads page, when moving "Current Releases" to "Archived Releases" recall that the hyperlink must change to point to version in the Apache Archives ("contributions" content will be added after VOTE and prior to promotion of the release so that the commit counts are as accurate as possible and the release tags are present).

   5. Preview changes locally with `bin/generate-home.sh` then commit changes to git.

5. `mvn versions:set -DnewVersion=xx.yy.zz -DgenerateBackupPoms=false` to update project files to reference the non-SNAPSHOT version

6. `mvn clean install -DskipTests` to update GLV versions

   1. Review `Gremlin.Net.csproj`, `Gremlin.Net.Template.csproj` and `Gremlin.Net.Template.nuspec` in `gremlin-dotnet`

   2. Review `package.json` in `gremlin-javascript`

7. `pushd gremlin-console/bin; ln -fs ../target/apache-tinkerpop-gremlin-console-xx.yy.zz-standalone/bin/gremlin.sh gremlin.sh; popd`

8. `git diff` and review the updated files

9. `mvn clean install` - need to build first so that the right version of the console is used with `bin/publish-docs.sh`

   1. This step should update the Gremlin.Net project file and Gremlin Javascript package file with the newly bumped version.

10. `git commit -a -m "TinkerPop xx.yy.zz release"` and push

11. `bin/process-docs.sh` and validate the generated documentation locally. Don’t rely on "BUILD SUCCESS" - scroll up through logs to ensure there were no errors and view the HTML directly. Code blocks that did not execute properly have a gray background and do not show the results of the commands.

12. `bin/publish-docs.sh <username>` - Note that this step requires no additional processing as the previous step handled document generation and this step now merely needs to upload what was generated. Note that this step will be responsible for generating javadoc and without that the binary distributions won’t contain that documentation.

13. `mvn deploy -Papache-release -DcreateChecksum=true -DskipTests` - deploy signed artifacts with checksums to Apache Nexus.

14. Review generated artifacts to be sure they have both javadocs and asciidocs present (request another committer to review as well) then "close" the repo - if the repo is left open it will be automatically dropped after five days and closing the repo will allow it to stay available for a full ninety days which is more than enough time to complete a vote. Do NOT "release" the repository at this time.

15. Upload artifacts to `https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/tinkerpop` for `[VOTE]` review.

    1. Use `svn rm` to delete past versions that were up for review in the same line of code. In other words, if uploading 3.2.3 then remove instances of 3.2.2 or any other past 3.2.x releases.

    2. `svn co --depth empty https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/tinkerpop/ dev` and `mkdir dev/xx.yy.zz`

    3. `cp ~/.m2/repository/org/apache/tinkerpop/gremlin-console/xx.yy.zz/gremlin-console-xx.yy.zz-distribution.zip* dev/xx.yy.zz`

    4. `cp ~/.m2/repository/org/apache/tinkerpop/gremlin-server/xx.yy.zz/gremlin-server-xx.yy.zz-distribution.zip* dev/xx.yy.zz`

    5. `cp ~/.m2/repository/org/apache/tinkerpop/tinkerpop/xx.yy.zz/tinkerpop-xx.yy.zz-source-release.zip* dev/xx.yy.zz`

    6. `cd dev/xx.yy.zz`

    7. `rm -f *.md5`

    8. `for file in *.sha1 ; do artifact=$(basename ${file} .sha1); sha512sum $artifact | awk '{print $1}' > ${artifact}.sha512; rm ${file}; done`

    9. `ls * | xargs -n1 -I {} echo "mv apache-tinkerpop-{} {}" | sed -e 's/distribution/bin/' -e 's/source-release/src/' -e 's/tinkerpop-tinkerpop/tinkerpop/' -e s'/^\(.*\) \(.*\) \(.*\)$/\1 \3 \2/' | /bin/bash`

    10. `cd ..; svn add xx.yy.zz/; svn ci -m "TinkerPop xx.yy.zz release"`

16. Execute `bin/validate-distribution.sh` and any other relevant testing.

17. `git tag -a -m "TinkerPop xx.yy.zz release" xx.yy.zz` and `git push --tags`

18. Submit for `[VOTE]` at `dev@tinkerpop.apache.org` (see email template below)

19. Wait for vote acceptance (72 hours)

## Release & Promote

1. Login to Apache Nexus and release the previously closed repository.

2. Deploy the GLVs

   1. This build will likely occur from the tag for the release, so be sure to checkout the tag first before executing this step.

   2. `mvn clean install -DskipTests -Dnuget`

   3. `mvn deploy -pl gremlin-python -DskipTests -Dpypi`

   4. `mvn deploy -pl :gremlin-dotnet-source -DskipTests -Dnuget`

   5. `mvn deploy -pl gremlin-javascript -DskipTests -Dnpm`

   6. `mvn deploy -pl gremlint -DskipTests -Dnpm`

3. Review the GLV releases

   1. gremlin-python - PyPi

   2. Gremlin.Net - nuget

   3. Gremlin.Net.Template - nuget

   4. gremlin - npm

   5. gremlint - npm

4. Deploy the Docker images

   1. `mvn deploy -pl gremlin-console -DskipTests -DdockerImages`

   2. `mvn deploy -pl gremlin-server -DskipTests -DdockerImages`

5. Review the deployed Docker images at Console and Server

6. `svn co --depth empty https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/tinkerpop dev; svn up dev/xx.yy.zz`

7. `svn co --depth empty https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/tinkerpop release; mkdir release/xx.yy.zz`

8. Copy release files from `dev/xx.yy.zz` to `release/xx.yy.zz`.

9. `cd release; svn add xx.yy.zz/; svn ci -m "TinkerPop xx.yy.zz release"`

10. Wait for Apache Sonatype to sync the artifacts to Maven Central at (https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/tinkerpop/tinkerpop/).

11. Report the release through reporter.apache.org (an email reminder should arrive shortly following the svn command above to do the release)

12. Update the `site/downloads.html` - provide the contents for the modal that pops up from the "contributors" link.

13. Wait for zip distributions to sync to the Apache mirrors (i.e ensure the download links work from a mirror).

14. `bin/publish-home.sh <username>` to publish the updated web site with new releases.

15. Execute `bin/update-current-docs.sh <username>` to migrate to the latest documentation set for `/current`.

16. This step should only occur after the website is updated and all links are working. If there are releases present in SVN that represents lines of code that are no longer under development, then remove those releases. In other words, if `3.2.0` is present and `3.2.1` is released then remove `3.2.0`. However, if `3.1.3` is present and that line of code is still under potential development, it may stay.

17. Announce release - see templates for suggested form

    1. Email `dev@`/`gremlin-users@` mailing lists

    2. Tweet from `@apachetinkerpop`

    3. Message the "Announcement" Discord channel

## Post-release Tasks

A number of administration tasks should be taken care of after the release is public. Some of these items can be performed during the VOTE period at the release manager’s discretion, though it may be wise to wait until a successful VOTE is eminent before reopening development. When there are multiple release managers, it’s best to coordinate these tasks as one individual may simply just handle them all.

1. Perform JIRA administration tasks:

   1. "Release" the current version and set the "release date"

   2. If there is to be a follow on release in the current line of code, create that new version specifying the "start date"

2. Prepare Git administration tasks. Apply the following steps as needed per release branch:

   1. Make the appropriate branching changes as required by the release and bump the version to `SNAPSHOT` with `mvn versions:set -DnewVersion=xx.yy.zz-SNAPSHOT -DgenerateBackupPoms=false`.

3. `mvn clean install -DskipTests` to update GLV versions

   1. Review `Gremlin.Net.csproj`, `Gremlin.Net.Template.csproj` and `Gremlin.Net.Template.nuspec` in `gremlin-dotnet`

   2. Review `package.json` in `gremlin-javascript`

   3. `pushd gremlin-console/bin; ln -fs ../target/apache-tinkerpop-gremlin-console-xx.yy.zz-SNAPSHOT-standalone/bin/gremlin.sh gremlin.sh; popd`

   4. Update CHANGELOG and upgrade docs to have the appropriate headers for the next version.

   5. `mvn clean install -DskipTests` - need to build first so that the right version of the console is used with `bin/publish-docs.sh`

   6. `mvn deploy -DskipTests` - deploy the new `SNAPSHOT`

   7. `bin/process-docs.sh` and validate the generated `SNAPSHOT` documentation locally and then `bin/publish-docs.sh <username>`

   8. Commit and push the `SNAPSHOT` changes to git

4. Send email to advise that code freeze is lifted.

5. Generate a list of dead branches that will be automatically deleted and post them as a DISCUSS thread for review, then once consensus is reached removed those branches.

6. Set up the IO tests for the current `SNAPSHOT` as discussed in the IO Documentation and Testing Section

## Email Templates

### Release VOTE

    Subject: [VOTE] TinkerPop xx.yy.zz Release

    Hello,

    We are happy to announce that TinkerPop xx.yy.zz is ready for release.

    The release artifacts can be found at this location:
            https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/tinkerpop/xx.yy.zz/

    The source distribution is provided by:
            apache-tinkerpop-xx.yy.zz-src.zip

    Two binary distributions are provided for user convenience:
            apache-tinkerpop-gremlin-console-xx.yy.zz-bin.zip
            apache-tinkerpop-gremlin-server-xx.yy.zz-bin.zip

    The GPG key used to sign the release artifacts is available at:
        https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/tinkerpop/KEYS

    The online docs can be found here:
            https://tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/xx.yy.zz/ (user docs)
            https://tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/xx.yy.zz/upgrade/ (upgrade docs)
            https://tinkerpop.apache.org/javadocs/xx.yy.zz/core/ (core javadoc)
            https://tinkerpop.apache.org/javadocs/xx.yy.zz/full/ (full javadoc)
            https://tinkerpop.apache.org/dotnetdocs/xx.yy.zz/ (.NET API docs)
            https://tinkerpop.apache.org/jsdocs/xx.yy.zz/ (Javascript API docs)

    The tag in Apache Git can be found here:
            https://github.com/apache/tinkerpop/tree/xx.yy.zz

    The release notes are available here:
            https://github.com/apache/tinkerpop/blob/xx.yy.zz/CHANGELOG.asciidoc

    The [VOTE] will be open for the next 72 hours --- closing <DayOfTheWeek> (<Month> <Day> <Year>) at <Time> <TimeZone>.

    My vote is +1.

    Thank you very much,
    <TinkerPop Committer Name>

### Release RESULT VOTE

    Subject: [RESULT][VOTE] TinkerPop xx.yy.zz Release

    This vote is now closed with a total of X +1s, no +0s and no -1s. The results are:

    BINDING VOTES:

    +1  (X -- list of voters)
    0   (0)
    -1  (0)

    NON-BINDING VOTES:

    +1 (X -- list of voters)
    0  (0)
    -1 (0)

    Thank you very much,
    <TinkerPop Committer Name>

### General Release Announcement

The template below refers to the "name of release line" and the "release line logo". Every release line has a name and logo. For example, 3.1.x had the name, "A 187 On The Undercover Gremlinz" and the logo shown here in the upgrade documentation.

    Subject: Apache TinkerPop xx.yy.zz Released: [name of release line]

    Hello,

    Apache TinkerPop xx.yy.zz has just been released. [some text to introduce the release - e.g. whether or not
    there is breaking change, an important game-changing feature or two, etc.]

    The release artifacts can be found at this location:

    https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.lua/tinkerpop/xx.yy.zz/apache-tinkerpop-gremlin-console-xx.yy.zz-bin.zip
    https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.lua/tinkerpop/xx.yy.zz/apache-tinkerpop-gremlin-server-xx.yy.zz-bin.zip
    https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.lua/tinkerpop/xx.yy.zz/apache-tinkerpop-xx.yy.zz-src.zip

    The online docs can be found here:

    https://tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/xx.yy.zz/reference/ (user docs)
    https://tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/xx.yy.zz/upgrade/#_tinkerpop_xx_yy_zz (upgrade docs)
    https://tinkerpop.apache.org/javadocs/xx.yy.zz/core/ (core javadoc)
    https://tinkerpop.apache.org/javadocs/xx.yy.zz/full/ (full javadoc)
    https://tinkerpop.apache.org/dotnetdocs/xx.yy.zz/ (.NET API docs)
    https://tinkerpop.apache.org/jsdocs/xx.yy.zz/ (Javascript API docs)
    https://tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/xx.yy.zz/some-new-content/ (some new content) [NEW!]

    The release notes are available here:

    https://github.com/apache/tinkerpop/blob/xx.yy.zz/CHANGELOG.asciidoc#release-xx-yy-zz

    The Central Maven repo has sync'd as well:

    https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/apache/tinkerpop/tinkerpop/xx.yy.zz/

    Python artifacts are available in pypi:

    https://pypi.python.org/pypi/gremlinpython/xx.yy.zz

    .NET artifacts are available in NuGet:

    https://www.nuget.org/packages/Gremlin.Net/xx.yy.zz

    Javascript artifacts are available in npm:

    https://www.npmjs.com/package/gremlin/v/xx.yy.zz

    Docker images for Gremlin Console and Gremlin Server can be found on Docker
    Hub:

    https://hub.docker.com/u/tinkerpop/

    [include the release line logo image]

### Standard Tweet Text

The tweet from `@apachetinkerpop` doesn’t need to really adhere to any specific format necessarily, but for general patch releases, the following simple text is common:

    Apache TinkerPop xx.yy.zz Released. [name of release] [link to gremlin-users announcement] #graphdb #nosql

Remember to include the picture for the release with the tweet.

# Administration

## New Committers

When a candidate is identified by a PMC member as someone who might be a good official committer to TinkerPop, the PMC member should open a DISCUSS thread on the private TinkerPop mailing list. The thread should provide some background and reasoning for why that member believes the candidate would be a good committer. Given enough time for feedback on the candidate and presuming there is still positive interest in doing so, a VOTE thread on the private TinkerPop mailing list is started to get the official stance. As per usual, the VOTE will be made open for no less than 72 hours.

If the VOTE closes with a successful positive vote to make the candidate a committer, then send the following email to the candidate and copy the private TinkerPop mailing list:

    SUBJECT: Invitation to become TinkerPop committer: [candidate name]

    Hello,

    The TinkerPop Project Management Committee (PMC) hereby offers you committer
    privileges to the project. These privileges are offered on the understanding
    that you'll use them reasonably and with common sense. We like to work on
    trust rather than unnecessary constraints.

    Being a committer enables you to more easily make changes without needing to
    go through the patch submission process.

    Being a committer does not require you to participate any more than you already
    do. It does tend to make one even more committed.  You will probably find that
    you spend more time here.

    Of course, you can decline and instead remain as a contributor, participating
    as you do now.

    A. This personal invitation is a chance for you to accept or decline in
    private.  Either way, please let us know in reply to the
    private@tinkerpop.apache.org address only.

    B. If you are accepting, the next step is to register an iCLA with the Apache
    Software Foundation:
      1. Details of the iCLA and the forms are found through this link:
         http://www.apache.org/licenses/#clas.

      2. The form (text or PDF version) provides instructions for its completion
         and return to the Secretary of the ASF at secretary@apache.org.

      3. When you complete iCLA ensure that you include "Apache TinkerPop" in the
         "notify project" project field and choose a preferred unique Apache id.
         Look to see if your preferred id is already taken at
         http://people.apache.org/committer-index.html. This will allow the
         Secretary to notify the PMC when your iCLA has been recorded.

    When recording of your iCLA is noticed, you will receive a follow-up message
    with the next steps for establishing you as a committer.

Assuming the iCLA included items from step 3, the secretary will handle account creation, otherwise it will be up to the PMC chair to handle such things. Once the account is established the PMC chair will then need to:

1. Validate that the iCLA is on file either through svn or through people.apache.org.

2. Request that the account be created. The PMC Chair may do this through the Account Request Form.

3. Once verified, provide the new committer access to the repository, which is most easily done through Whimsy.

4. Send an announcement email to the developer and user mailing lists with the template below.

5. Update JIRA to include this person in the "committers" group.

    SUBJECT: New Committer: [committer name]

    The Project Management Committee (PMC) for Apache TinkerPop has asked
    [committer name] to become a committer and we are pleased to announce their
    acceptance.

    [describe the nature of the committer's work in the community]

    Being a committer enables easier contribution to the project since there is no
    need to work via the patch submission process. This should enable better
    productivity.

Finally, new committers should be sent an email that covers some of the administrative elements of their new role. Generally speaking the email can largely just point them to the Initial Setup section of this documentation.

## New PMC Members

The process for bringing on new PMC members is not so different from the one for new committers. The process begins with a DISCUSS thread to the private mailing list for building consensus followed by a VOTE thread to confirm. Presuming the new PMC member is a committer already (which is mostly likely for TinkerPop), there should be no need for any additional paperwork. On successful vote however, a NOTICE should be sent to the board@apache.org (copying private@tinkerpop.apache.org):

    SUBJECT: [NOTICE] [name of PMC new member] for Apache TinkerPop PMC

    Apache TinkerPop proposes to invite [name of PMC new member] ([ApacheId]) to join the PMC.

    The vote result is available here:

    [include the link to the vote result thread from private]

If the candidate does not (yet) have an Apache account, then please note that fact in the notification email. Provide the board 72 hours to respond with objection before extending the invite to the new PMC member. Once that time has elapsed, the invite may be sent to the new PMC member. The following template may be used for the invitation (be sure to copy private@ when sending the email):

    SUBJECT: Invitation to join the Apache TinkerPop PMC: [name of PMC new member]

    In recognition of your contributions to Apache TinkerPop, the TinkerPop PMC has voted to make you a PMC member. If you are unfamiliar with what the PMC does, please see this link to be sure you are comfortable with the responsibilities:

    https://www.apache.org/dev/pmc.html

    As you have already signed an ICLA and have an Apache account no additional paperwork is required by you other than replying to this email (ensuring to include private@ which is CC'd) to say if you accept or reject the invitation. Obviously there is no requirement to accept - you may simply choose to continue working in the capacity of a committer as you are now. We're happy to answer any questions you might have.

    Thank you for your efforts on the project.

If they accept, then the PMC chair should refer to the How to Add a New PMC Member section in the Apache docs for how to complete the process. Use Whimsy to update PMC membership.

## Board Reports

The PMC Chair is responsible for submitting a report to the board on a quarterly basis. TinkerPop reports on the following months: January, April, July, October. The report has the following format:

    ## Description:
     Apache TinkerPop is a graph computing framework for both graph databases
     (OLTP) and graph analytic systems (OLAP).

    ## Activity:
     <discuss general project health, project direction, community growth/activity, etc.>

    ## Issues:
     There are no issues requiring board attention at this time.

    ## Releases:
     - 3.5.1 (<month> <day>, <year>)
     - 3.5.1 (<month> <day>, <year>)

    ## PMC/Committer:

     - Last PMC addition was <name> - <month> <year>
     - Last committer addition was <name> - <month> <year>

    ## Links

    [1] <hyperlink to external reference, if a reference was made in the report>

A draft of the report should be sent to the TinkerPop developer mailing list for review at least three days prior to submitting to the board. The final report should be sent in plain-text format to `board@apache.org` and should be committed to the appropriate meeting agenda in SVN at:

    https://svn.apache.org/repos/private/foundation/board

## Contributor Listing

Contributions can come in many forms and extend well beyond code contributions. TinkerPop strives to ensure that contributions are honestly and accurately recognized for the benefit of the individuals who help make TinkerPop possible.

One of the ways in which this recognition is supported is by way of the Contributor Listing on the TinkerPop home page, which list those who have contributed to the project in some way. It lists both committers and PMC members and provides a short "bio" (i.e. a description of their contributions) as well as an indication of whether they are currently participating in the project or not, i.e. active or inactive. The bios have a slightly different form depending on that status:

- An active bio should be reflective of current contributions, roughly representing the past six months and the following six months of the update.

- An inactive bio for those not currently contributing to the project, should reflect the full scope of all contributions made by that individual during their active periods.

Important | Irrespective of being active or inactive, the contributor’s name and tenure accomplishments remain present on the front page of the web site. Being "inactive" does not affect the contributors status as an Apache committer or PMC member - that remains unchanged. Should a contributor become "inactive" at some point, there is no special process to become "active" again - they simply update their bio to do so.

Committers and PMC members can keep this information up to date themselves as they have direct access to the Git repository. Reminders to update this information will be sent to the dev list on each release as part of code freeze week. Those who have not shown an update to their bio in git in the past year or have otherwise not replied to the dev list email to indicate their status in that time will be assumed "inactive" for the purpose of the listing.

The following is a template for the "Bio Update" email:

    Subject: Apache TinkerPop Bio Update

    To Committers/PMC Members,

    As an Apache TinkerPop committer and/or PMC member, your name is listed on the TinkerPop home page in the Contributor List[1] with your "bio". If you are active on the project, your "bio" reflects what you have been working on and what you expect to be working on with respect to TinkerPop for recent times (i.e. for the previous six months and the following six months). If you are currently inactive on the project, your "bio" reflects the full scope of all your contributions throughout your active periods. You can refer to the contributor listing policy[2] for full details.

    Please take a moment to update your bio directly in Git[3] or, if you would prefer, please reply to this email with your bio update and it will be added for you. If no changes are required, please reply to this email to confirm that this is the case.

    [1] https://tinkerpop.apache.org/#contributors
    [2] https://tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/dev/developer/#contributor-listing
    [3] https://github.com/apache/tinkerpop/blob/master/docs/site/home/index.html

# Meetings

## November 23, 2015

The meeting was scheduled for 12:00pm EST, started at 12:05pm when sufficient attendance to constitute a quorum was reached and was held via Google Hangout hosted by Marko Rodriguez. Meeting adjourned at 2:35pm EST.

Committers/PPMC Members

- Daniel Kuppitz

- Stephen Mallette

- Dylan Millikin

- Jason Plurad

- Marko Rodriguez

- Ted Wilmes

Guests

None

Minutes

- Performed a full review of the list of unresolved tickets in JIRA. The summary of the changes can be found below. Note that releases and assignments made today are not meant to be set in stone. The assignments could change given community discussion or unforeseen events.

- Decided to add version `3.2.0-incubating` to JIRA. This version was added to help better categorize the available issues. It was explicitly decided that no development was expected to be performed on these issue at this time and that we would wait until `3.1.1-incubating` was released before thinking too hard on that body of work. This decision means that the `master` branch will continue to be the current branch of development for the time being and be bound to `3.1.x` line of code.

- Discussed use of JIRA dependency links to show "blockers" and dependencies among different JIRA tickets.

- Discussed a target date for upcoming releases:

  - `3.1.1-incubating` - February 1, 2016

  - `3.2.0-incubating` - May, 1, 2016

The following tickets were assigned to `3.1.1-incubating`:

ID | Description | Type
--- | --- | ---
TINKERPOP-379 | MessageScope.Local.setStaticMessage(M msg) | Improvement
TINKERPOP-659 | GraphConfiguration Class | Improvement
TINKERPOP-736 | Automatic Traversal rewriting | Improvement
TINKERPOP-763 | IsStep broken when profiling is enabled. | Bug
TINKERPOP-818 | Consider a P.instanceOf() | Improvement
TINKERPOP-824 | Do we need runtime BigDecimal in more places? | Improvement
TINKERPOP-842 | MapReduceHelper should sort respective of the number of reduce tasks | Improvement
TINKERPOP-859 | Provide a more general way to set log levels in plugins | Improvement
TINKERPOP-860 | Bindings applied to the PluginAcceptor should appear to Gremlin Server | Improvement
TINKERPOP-882 | Develop a less error prone way for rewriting strategies | Improvement
TINKERPOP-886 | Allow any GraphReader/Writer to be persistence engine for TinkerGraph | Improvement
TINKERPOP-891 | Re-examine Sandboxing Abstractions | Improvement
TINKERPOP-893 | Validate dependency grabs that have TinkerPop dependencies | Improvement
TINKERPOP-912 | Improve the ability to embed Gremlin Server with Channelizer injection | Improvement
TINKERPOP-920 | Test case needed for ensuring same cardinality for key. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-927 | bin/publish-docs.sh should only upload diffs. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-930 | Tie Alias to Transaction Manager in Gremlin Server | Improvement
TINKERPOP-932 | Add ability to cancel script execution associated with a Gremlin Server Session | Improvement
TINKERPOP-937 | Move the implementations sections of the primary documentation to "provider tutorials." | Improvement
TINKERPOP-938 | Add a "clear SNAPSHOT jars" section to the process-docs.sh. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-939 | Neo4jGraph should support HighAvailability (Neo4jHA). | Improvement
TINKERPOP-941 | Improve error message for wrong order().by() arguments | Improvement
TINKERPOP-943 | Warn if Gremlin Server is running prior to generating docs | Improvement
TINKERPOP-951 | Barrier steps provide unexpected results in Gremlin OLAP | Bug
TINKERPOP-954 | Consistent test directory usage | Improvement
TINKERPOP-956 | Connection errors tend to force a complete close of the channel | Improvement
TINKERPOP-958 | Improve usability of .profile() step. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-964 | Test XXXGraphComputer on a Hadoop2 cluster (non-pseudocluster). | Improvement
TINKERPOP-967 | Support nested-repeat() structures | Improvement
TINKERPOP-973 | BLVP shouldn’t clear configuration properties | Bug
TINKERPOP-976 | Fail earlier if invalid version is supplied in validate-distribution.sh | Bug
TINKERPOP-978 | Native TinkerGraph Serializers for GraphSON | Improvement
TINKERPOP-979 | ComputerVerificationStrategy not picking up Order local traversal | Bug
TINKERPOP-980 | Add a service script or daemon mode in the distribution | Improvement
TINKERPOP-981 | Deprecate support for credentialsDbLocation in Gremlin Server Config | Improvement
TINKERPOP-983 | Provide a way to track open Graph instances in tests | Improvement
TINKERPOP-984 | Use GraphProvider for id conversion in Groovy Environment test suite | Improvement
TINKERPOP-986 | Manage binary LICENSE/NOTICE files with bin/checkLicenseNotice.sh | Improvement
TINKERPOP-988 | SparkGraphComputer.submit shouldn’t use ForkJoinPool.commonPool | Improvement

The following items were identified for `3.2.0-incubating`:

ID | Description | Type
--- | --- | ---
TINKERPOP-331 | TraverserConverterStep (proposal) | Improvement
TINKERPOP-620 | Commutative Step Marker interface | Improvement
TINKERPOP-669 | Consider Required TraversalStrategies | Improvement
TINKERPOP-691 | TP3 is too prescriptive in exception | Improvement
TINKERPOP-740 | Serializer Handshake | Improvement
TINKERPOP-743 | Support "barrier syntax" in step labels. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-761 | Some basic mathematical functions / steps | Improvement
TINKERPOP-786 | Patterns for DSL Development | Improvement
TINKERPOP-789 | Choose then Enforce Semantics for Graph.close() | Improvement
TINKERPOP-790 | Implement AutoCloseable on TraversalSource | Improvement
TINKERPOP-800 | [Proposal] Domain/Range checking during traversal construction. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-813 | [Proposal] Make the Gremlin Graph Traversal Machine and Instruction Set Explicit | Improvement
TINKERPOP-819 | Mapping Cardinality Interface | Improvement
TINKERPOP-831 | How should OLAP treat Collection<Element> objects? No contract is specified. | Bug
TINKERPOP-844 | PropertyMapStep should reuse PropertiesStep | Improvement
TINKERPOP-864 | Operator.mean would be nice. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-871 | RuntimeStrategy as the general model for all such execution time rewrites/re-orders | Improvement
TINKERPOP-872 | Remove GroupCountStep in favor of new Reduce-based GroupStep | Improvement
TINKERPOP-873 | FoldStep should default to using BulkSet for efficiency. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-878 | Refactor Gremlin Server integration tests to be Client parameterized | Improvement
TINKERPOP-889 | Support for partitioned vertices in GraphComputer | Improvement
TINKERPOP-890 | Remove the concept of branch/ package. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-919 | Features needs to specify whether 2 vertex properties with same key/value is allowed. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-940 | Convert LocalTraversals to MatchSteps in OLAP and Solve the StarGraph Problem | Improvement
TINKERPOP-942 | Use EventStrategy to solve OLAP bulk mutation of OLTP. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-944 | Consider deprecating or better enforcing Graph.Exceptions.elementNotFound | Improvement
TINKERPOP-946 | Traversal respecting Thread.interrupt() | Improvement
TINKERPOP-947 | Enforce semantics of threaded transactions as manual | Improvement
TINKERPOP-960 | Add a Bulk class which is used by Traverser | Improvement
TINKERPOP-962 | Provide "vertex query" selectivity when importing data in OLAP. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-963 | SubgraphTraversalAnalyzer to determine what is really required from a traversal. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-966 | Support reversible traversals in MatchStep (and respective MatchAlgorithms) | Improvement
TINKERPOP-969 | respawn | Improvement
TINKERPOP-971 | TraversalSource should be fluent like GraphComputer | Improvement
TINKERPOP-974 | Saving headless traversals for reuse (clone Iterator Fun) | Improvement
TINKERPOP-982 | valuesDecr, valuesIncr, keysDecr, and valuesDecr is lame. | Improvement

The following issues were simply closed during review - the reasons for closing can be found in the comments of the issues themselves:

ID | Description | Type
--- | --- | ---
TINKERPOP-375 | Better Methods for Managing ClassPath for Plugins | Improvement
TINKERPOP-487 | User Supplied Ids and IO | Improvement
TINKERPOP-509 | Subgraph support for VertexProgram |
TINKERPOP-604 | DetachedEdge.attach(Vertex) is too slow. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-795 | Provide Traverser.setPath() | Improvement
TINKERPOP-862 | Add a TraversalSourceStrategy that provides "locked" values. | Improvement
TINKERPOP-894 | Shorthand for install of TinkerPop dependencies | Improvement
TINKERPOP-936 | Check feature requirements before opening graph during tests | Improvement

## October 29, 2015

The meeting was scheduled for 1:00pm EST, started on time and was held via Google Hangout hosted by Stephen Mallette. Meeting adjourned at 1:45pm EST.

Committers/PPMC Members

- Daniel Kuppitz

- Stephen Mallette

- Marko Rodriguez

Guests

None

Minutes

- Reviewed the scope of 3.1.0-incubating in JIRA in the context of the upcoming release date on November 16, 2015.

- It was noted that with the new one week code freeze policy that the real cut-off date for work is November 9, 2015.

- There was general consensus on the call that work should be accomplished in such a way that the code review process not drag into the code freeze time period. In other words, pull requests to the release branch should be completed well ahead of the 9th.

Upon review of the tickets in JIRA assigned to 3.1.0-incubating, the following were removed from the 3.1.0-incubating roadmap:

ID | Description | Removal Reasoning
--- | --- | ---
TINKERPOP-891 | Re-examine Sandboxing Abstractions | Low priority and time limitations.
TINKERPOP-890 | Remove the concept of branch/ package. | Awaiting step library definition in 3.2.0-incubating.
TINKERPOP-873 | FoldStep should default to using BulkSet for efficiency. | Awaiting step library definition in 3.2.0-incubating.
TINKERPOP-864 | Operator.mean would be nice. | Awaiting step library definition in 3.2.0-incubating.
TINKERPOP-862 | Add a TraversalSourceStrategy that provides "locked" values. | Low priority and time limitations.
TINKERPOP-854 | Remove PropertyMapStep in favor of multi-instruction construction. | Non-trivial given time limitations.
TINKERPOP-789 | Choose then Enforce Semantics for Graph.close() | Non-trivial given time limitations.
TINKERPOP-768 | MatchStep in OLAP should be smart about current vertex. | Non-trivial given time limitations.
TINKERPOP-705 | Make use of a MemoryRDD instead of Accumulators in SparkGraphComputer? | Non-trivial given time limitations.
TINKERPOP-659 | GraphConfiguration Class | Non-trivial given time limitations.
TINKERPOP-623 | More output for OLAP jobs | Not clearly defined given time limitations.
TINKERPOP-620 | Commutative Step Marker interface | Awaiting step library definition in 3.2.0-incubating
TINKERPOP-550 | Gremlin IO needs to support both OLTP and OLAP naturally. | Not clearly defined given time limitations.
TINKERPOP-479 | Consider Providing "getOrCreate" Functionality | Not clearly defined given time limitations.