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=== Policies

Policies control different aspects. They can be used to fine-tune and adapt the overall mechanisms to the
particularities of the specific domain in which a given Apache Syncope deployment is running.

[[policy-composition]]
[TIP]
.Policy Composition
====
When defining policies and associating them with different realms and resources, it is common to observe that several policies
of the same type have to be enforced on the same user, group or any object.

In such cases, Apache Syncope transparently composes all of the candidate policies and obtains a single applicable policy
which contains all the conditions of the composing policies; this process, however, is not guaranteed to be successful,
as different policies of the same type might provide conflicting clauses.
====

[[policies-account]]
==== Account

Account policies allow the imposition of constraints on username values, and are involved in the authentication process.

[NOTE]
====
When set for realm R, an account policy is enforced on all Users of R and sub-realms.

When set for resource R, an account policy is enforced on all Users that have R assigned.
====

When defining an account policy, the following information must be provided:

* max authentication attempts - how many times Users are allowed to fail authentication before getting suspended
* propagate suspension - when suspended as a consequence of too many authentication failures, should Users also be
suspended on associated resources or not?
* pass-through resources - which <<external-resource-details,external resources>> are involved with
<<pass-through-authentication,pass-through authentication>>
* rules - set of account rules to evaluate with the current policy

===== Account Rules

Account rules define constraints to apply to username values.

Some implementations are provided out-of-the-box, custom ones can be provided on given deployment.

[TIP]
====
As `JAVA` <<implementations,implementation>>, writing custom account rules means:

. providing configuration parameters in an implementation of
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/common/idrepo/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/AccountRuleConf.java[AccountRuleConf^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/common/idrepo/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/AccountRuleConf.java[AccountRuleConf^]
endif::[]
. enforcing in an implementation of
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/AccountRule.java[AccountRule^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/AccountRule.java[AccountRule^]
endif::[]
annotated via
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/persistence-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/persistence/api/dao/AccountRuleConfClass.java[@AccountRuleConfClass^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/persistence-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/persistence/api/dao/AccountRuleConfClass.java[@AccountRuleConfClass^]
endif::[]
referring to the configuration class.

As `GROOVY` <<implementations,implementation>>, writing custom account rules means implementing
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/AccountRule.java[AccountRule^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/AccountRule.java[AccountRule^]
endif::[]
====

====== Default Account Rule

The default account rule (enforced by
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/spring/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/spring/policy/DefaultAccountRule.java[DefaultAccountRule^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/spring/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/spring/policy/DefaultAccountRule.java[DefaultAccountRule^]
endif::[]
and configurable via
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/common/idrepo/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/DefaultAccountRuleConf.java[DefaultAccountRuleConf^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/common/idrepo/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/DefaultAccountRuleConf.java[DefaultAccountRuleConf^]
endif::[]
) contains the following controls:

* maximum length - the maximum length to allow; `0` means no limit set;
* minimum length - the minimum length to allow; `0` means no limit set;
* pattern - https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/21/docs/api/java.base/java/util/regex/Pattern.html[Java regular expression pattern^] to
match; `NULL` means no match is attempted;
* all uppercase - are lowercase characters allowed?
* all lowercase - are uppercase characters allowed?
* words not permitted - list of words that cannot be present, even as a substring;
* schemas not permitted - list of <<schema,schemas>> whose values cannot be present, even as a substring;
* prefixes not permitted - list of strings that cannot be present as a prefix;
* suffixes not permitted - list of strings that cannot be present as a suffix.

[NOTE]
Before being able to configure the default account rule as mentioned above, you will need to first create a `JAVA`
`ACCOUNT_RULE` <<implementations,implementation>> for the `org.apache.syncope.common.lib.policy.DefaultAccountRuleConf`
class.

===== Pass-through Authentication

During user authentication, if the <<policy-composition,resulting>> applicable account policy defines pass-through
resources, the provided credentials are verified first against the internal storage, then against each configured
external resource (provided that the underlying <<connector-instance-details,connector instance>> has the `AUTHENTICATE`
capability set): the first check that succeeds will successfully authenticate the user.

This feature allows, for example, to reuse credentials contained in Identity Stores (without extracting them),
instead of storing password values in the internal storage. It also facilitates implementing authentication chains.

[[policies-password]]
==== Password

Password policies allow the imposition of constraints on password values.

[NOTE]
====
When set for realm R, a password policy is enforced on all Users of R and sub-realms.

When set for resource R, a password policy is enforced on all Users that have R assigned.
====

When defining a password policy, the following information must be provided:

* allow null password - whether a password is mandatory for Users or not
* history length - how many values shall be considered in the history
* rules - set of password rules to evaluate with the current policy

===== Password Rules

Password rules define constraints to apply to password values.

Some implementations are provided out-of-the-box, custom ones can be provided on given deployment.

[TIP]
====
As `JAVA` <<implementations,implementation>>, writing custom password rules means:

. providing configuration parameters in an implementation of
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/common/idrepo/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/PasswordRuleConf.java[PasswordRuleConf^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/common/idrepo/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/PasswordRuleConf.java[PasswordRuleConf^]
endif::[]
. enforcing in an implementation of
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/PasswordRule.java[PasswordRule^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/PasswordRule.java[PasswordRule^]
endif::[]
annotated via
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/persistence-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/persistence/api/dao/PasswordRuleConfClass.java[@PasswordRuleConfClass^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/persistence-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/persistence/api/dao/PasswordRuleConfClass.java[@PasswordRuleConfClass^]
endif::[]
referring to the configuration class.

As `GROOVY` <<implementations,implementation>>, writing custom account rules means implementing
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/PasswordRule.java[PasswordRule^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/PasswordRule.java[PasswordRule^]
endif::[]
====

====== Default Password Rule

The default password rule (enforced by
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/spring/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/spring/policy/DefaultPasswordRule.java[DefaultPasswordRule^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/spring/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/spring/policy/DefaultPasswordRule.java[DefaultPasswordRule^]
endif::[]
and configurable via
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/common/idrepo/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/DefaultPasswordRuleConf.java[DefaultPasswordRuleConf^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/common/idrepo/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/DefaultPasswordRuleConf.java[DefaultPasswordRuleConf^]
endif::[]
) is based on https://www.passay.org/[Passay^] and contains the following controls:

* maximum length - the maximum length to allow (`0` means no limit set);
* minimum length - the minimum length to allow (`0` means no limit set);
* alphabetical - the number of alphabetical characters required;
* uppercase - the number of uppercase characters required;
* lowercase - the number of lowercase characters required;
* digit - the number of digits required;
* special - the number of special characters required;
* special chars - the set of special characters allowed;
* illegal chars - the set of characters not allowed;
* repeat same - the size of the longest sequence of repeating characters allowed;
* username allowed - whether a username value can be used;
* words not permitted - list of words that cannot be present, even as a substring;
* schemas not permitted - list of <<schema,schemas>> whose values cannot be present, even as a substring;

[TIP]
The default password rule can be extended to cover specific needs, relying on the
https://www.passay.org/reference/[whole set of features^] provided by Passay.

[NOTE]
Before being able to configure the default password rule as mentioned above, you will need to first create a `JAVA`
`PASSWORD_RULE` <<implementations,implementation>> for the `org.apache.syncope.common.lib.policy.DefaultPasswordRuleConf`
class.

====== "Have I Been Pwned?" Password Rule

This password rule (enforced by
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/spring/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/spring/policy/HaveIBeenPwnedPasswordRule.java[HaveIBeenPwnedPasswordRule^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/spring/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/spring/policy/HaveIBeenPwnedPasswordRule.java[HaveIBeenPwnedPasswordRule^]
endif::[]
and configurable via
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/common/idrepo/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/HaveIBeenPwnedPasswordRuleConf.java[HaveIBeenPwnedPasswordRuleConf^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/common/idrepo/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/HaveIBeenPwnedPasswordRuleConf.java[HaveIBeenPwnedPasswordRuleConf^]
endif::[]
) checks the provided password values against the popular
https://haveibeenpwned.com["Have I Been Pwned?"^] service.

[NOTE]
Before being able to configure the "Have I Been Pwned?" password rule as mentioned above, you will need to first create
a `JAVA` `PASSWORD_RULE` <<implementations,implementation>> for the
`org.apache.syncope.common.lib.policy.HaveIBeenPwnedPasswordRuleConf` class.

[[policies-access]]
==== Access

Access policies provide fine-grained control over the access rules to apply to
<<client-applications,client applications>>.

The following access policy configurations are available by default:

[cols="1,2"]
|===

|
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/common/am/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/DefaultAccessPolicyConf.java[DefaultAccessPolicyConf^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/common/am/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/DefaultAccessPolicyConf.java[DefaultAccessPolicyConf^]
endif::[]
| It describes whether the client application is allowed to use WA, allowed to participate in single sign-on
authentication, etc; additionally, it may be configured to require a certain set of principal attributes that must exist
before access can be granted.

| 
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/common/am/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/HttpRequestAccessPolicyConf.java[HttpRequestAccessPolicyConf^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/common/am/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/HttpRequestAccessPolicyConf.java[HttpRequestAccessPolicyConf^]
endif::[]
| Make access decisions based on HTTP request properties as client IP address and user-agent.

| 
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/common/am/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/RemoteEndpointAccessPolicyConf.java[RemoteEndpointAccessPolicyConf^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/common/am/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/RemoteEndpointAccessPolicyConf.java[RemoteEndpointAccessPolicyConf^]
endif::[]
| Delegate access decisions to a remote endpoint by receiving the authenticated principal as url parameter of a `GET`
request; the response code that the endpoint returns is then compared against the policy setting and if a match is
found, access is granted.

| 
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/common/am/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/TimeBasedAccessPolicyConf.java[TimeBasedAccessPolicyConf^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/common/am/lib/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/common/lib/policy/TimeBasedAccessPolicyConf.java[TimeBasedAccessPolicyConf^]
endif::[]
| Access is only allowed within the configured timeframe.

|===

[NOTE]
Access Policy instances are dynamically translated into
https://apereo.github.io/cas/7.1.x/services/Configuring-Service-Access-Strategy.html#configure-service-access-strategy[CAS Service Access Strategy^].

[[policies-attribute-release]]
==== Attribute Release

Attribute Release policies decide how attributes are selected and provided to a given 
<<client-applications,client application>> in the final WA response. +
Additionally, each instance has the ability to apply an optional filter to weed out their attributes based on their
values.

[NOTE]
Attribute Release Policy instances are dynamically translated into
https://apereo.github.io/cas/7.1.x/integration/Attribute-Release-Policies.html#attribute-release-policies[CAS Attribute Release Policy^].

[[policies-authentication]]
==== Authentication

WA presents a number of strategies for handling authentication security policies, based on the defined
<<authentication-modules,authentication modules>>. +
Authentication Policies in general control the following:

. Should the authentication chain be stopped after a certain kind of authentication failure?
. Given multiple authentication handlers in a chain, what constitutes a successful authentication event?

Authentication Policies are typically activated after:

. An authentication failure has occurred.
. The authentication chain has finished execution.

Typical use cases of authentication policies may include:

. Enforce a specific authentication module's successful execution, for the entire authentication event to be considered
successful.
. Ensure a specific class of failure is not evident in the authentication chain’s execution log.
. Ensure that all authentication modules in the chain are executed successfully, for the entire authentication event to
be considered successful.

[NOTE]
Authentication Policy instances are dynamically translated into
https://apereo.github.io/cas/7.1.x/authentication/Configuring-Authentication-Policy.html#authentication-policy[CAS Authentication Policy^].

[[policies-propagation]]
==== Propagation

Propagation policies are evaluated during the execution of <<tasks-propagation,propagation tasks>> and are meant to
tweak the propagation process by setting the pre-fetch option or letting Syncope to retry the configured operations in
case of failures.

When defining a propagation policy, the following information must be provided:

* fetch around provisioning - the default behavior is to attempt to read upfront the object being propagated (to ensure
it exists or not, depending on the actual operation scheduled to perform) and to read it again afterwards (to check the
effective results); this can be disabled
* update delta - in case of update, all object attributes are propagated by default; when enabled, only the changed
attributes will be instead propagated
* max number of attempts
* back-off strategy
** `FIXED` - pauses for a fixed period of time before continuing
** `EXPONENTIAL` - increases the back off period for each retry attempt in a given set up to a limit
** `RANDOM` - chooses a random multiple of the interval that would come from a simple deterministic exponential

[[policies-inbound]]
==== Inbound

Inbound policies are evaluated during the execution of <<tasks-pull,pull tasks>> and are meant to:

. help match existing Users, Groups and Any Objects during <<provisioning-pull,pull>>, thus generating update events
(rather than create)
. determine which action shall be taken in case such match is not unique (e.g. what to do if the same external account
can be mapped to two distinct Users in Apache Syncope?)

[NOTE]
====
When set for resource R, an inbound policy is enforced on all Users, Groups and Any Objects pulled from R.
====

When defining an inbound policy, the following information must be provided:

* conflict resolution action
** `IGNORE` - do nothing
** `FIRSTMATCH` - pull first matching object only
** `LASTMATCH` - pull last matching object only
** `ALL` - pull all matching objects
* rules - set of correlation rules to evaluate with the current policy; for each defined <<anytype,any type>>, a
different rule is required

===== Inbound Correlation Rules

Inbound correlation rules define how to match objects received from <<external-resources>>
with existing Users (including <<linked-accounts>>), Groups or Any Objects.

The
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/provisioning-java/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/java/pushpull/DefaultInboundCorrelationRule.java[default^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/provisioning-java/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/java/pushpull/DefaultInboundCorrelationRule.java[default^]
endif::[]
implementation attempts to match entities on the basis of the values of the provided plain attributes,
according to the available <<mapping,mapping>>.

[TIP]
====
Custom inbound correlation rules can be provided by <<implementations,implementing>> the
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/InboundCorrelationRule.java[InboundCorrelationRule^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/InboundCorrelationRule.java[InboundCorrelationRule^]
endif::[]
interface.
====

[[policies-push]]
==== Push

Push policies are evaluated during the execution of <<tasks-push,push tasks>>.

[NOTE]
====
When set for resource R, a push policy is enforced on all Users, Groups and Any Objects pushed to R.
====

===== Push Correlation Rules

Push correlation rules define how to match Users (including <<linked-accounts>>), Groups or Any Objects with
objects existing on <<external-resources>>.

The
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/provisioning-java/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/java/pushpull/DefaultPushCorrelationRule.java[default^]
]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/provisioning-java/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/java/pushpull/DefaultPushCorrelationRule.java[default^]
endif::[]
implementation attempts to match entities on the basis of the values of the provided plain attributes,
according to the available <<mapping,mapping>>.

[TIP]
====
Custom push correlation rules can be provided by <<implementations,implementing>> the
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "release"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/syncope-{docVersion}/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/PushCorrelationRule.java[PushCorrelationRule^]
endif::[]
ifeval::["{snapshotOrRelease}" == "snapshot"]
https://github.com/apache/syncope/blob/master/core/provisioning-api/src/main/java/org/apache/syncope/core/provisioning/api/rules/PushCorrelationRule.java[PushCorrelationRule^]
endif::[]
interface.
====

[[policies-ticket-expiration]]
==== Ticket Expiration

Ticket Expiration policies control the duration of various types of WA sessions.

[NOTE]
Ticket Expiration Policy instances are dynamically translated into
https://apereo.github.io/cas/7.1.x/ticketing/Configuring-Ticket-Expiration-Policy.html[their CAS equivalent^].
