Module org.apache.sis.referencing
Package org.apache.sis.referencing.factory

# Class GeodeticAuthorityFactory

Object
AbstractFactory
GeodeticAuthorityFactory

All Implemented Interfaces:
  `AuthorityFactory`, `Factory`

Direct Known Subclasses:
  `CommonAuthorityFactory`, `ConcurrentAuthorityFactory`, `EPSGDataAccess`, `MultiAuthoritiesFactory`, `WKTDictionary`

public abstract class GeodeticAuthorityFactory extends AbstractFactory implements AuthorityFactory
Creates geodetic objects from codes defined by an authority. An authority is an organization that maintains definitions of authority codes. An authority code is a compact string defined by an authority to reference a particular spatial reference object. A frequently used set of authority codes is the EPSG geodetic dataset, a database of coordinate systems and other spatial referencing objects where each object has a code number ID.
Example: the EPSG code for a World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) coordinate reference system with latitude and longitude axes is `"4326"`.

This class defines a default implementation for most methods defined in the `DatumAuthorityFactory`, `CSAuthorityFactory` and `CRSAuthorityFactory` interfaces. However, those interfaces do not appear in the `implements` clause of this class declaration. This is up to subclasses to decide which interfaces they declare to implement.

The default implementation for all `createFoo(String)` methods ultimately invokes `createObject(String)`, which may be the only method that a subclass need to override. However, other methods may be overridden as well for better performances.

Since:
  0.7

- ## Constructor Summary

  Constructors
  Modifier
  Constructor
  Description
  `protected`
  `GeodeticAuthorityFactory()`
  Creates a new authority factory for geodetic objects.

- ## Method Summary

  Modifier and Type
  Method
  Description
  `CartesianCS`
  `createCartesianCS(String code)`
  Creates a 2- or 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system made of straight orthogonal axes.
  `CompoundCRS`
  `createCompoundCRS(String code)`
  Creates a CRS describing the position of points through two or more independent coordinate reference systems.
  `CoordinateOperation`
  `createCoordinateOperation(String code)`
  Creates an operation for transforming coordinates in the source CRS to coordinates in the target CRS.
  `CoordinateReferenceSystem`
  `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String code)`
  Creates an arbitrary coordinate reference system from a code.
  `CoordinateSystem`
  `createCoordinateSystem(String code)`
  Creates an arbitrary coordinate system from a code.
  `CoordinateSystemAxis`
  `createCoordinateSystemAxis(String code)`
  Creates a coordinate system axis with name, direction, unit and range of values.
  `CylindricalCS`
  `createCylindricalCS(String code)`
  Creates a 3-dimensional coordinate system made of a polar coordinate system extended by a straight perpendicular axis.
  `Datum`
  `createDatum(String code)`
  Creates an arbitrary datum from a code.
  `DerivedCRS`
  `createDerivedCRS(String code)`
  Creates a CRS that is defined by its coordinate conversion from another CRS (not by a datum).
  `Ellipsoid`
  `createEllipsoid(String code)`
  Creates a geometric figure that can be used to describe the approximate shape of the earth.
  `EllipsoidalCS`
  `createEllipsoidalCS(String code)`
  Creates a 2- or 3-dimensional coordinate system for geodetic latitude and longitude, sometimes with ellipsoidal height.
  `EngineeringCRS`
  `createEngineeringCRS(String code)`
  Creates a 1-, 2- or 3-dimensional contextually local coordinate reference system.
  `EngineeringDatum`
  `createEngineeringDatum(String code)`
  Creates a datum defining the origin of an engineering coordinate reference system.
  `Extent`
  `createExtent(String code)`
  Creates information about spatial, vertical, and temporal extent (usually a domain of validity) from a code.
  `Set<CoordinateOperation>`
  `createFromCoordinateReferenceSystemCodes(String sourceCRS, String targetCRS)`
  Creates operations from source and target coordinate reference system codes.
  `GeocentricCRS`
  `createGeocentricCRS(String code)`
  Creates a 3-dimensional coordinate reference system with the origin at the approximate centre of mass of the earth.
  `GeodeticDatum`
  `createGeodeticDatum(String code)`
  Creates a datum defining the location and orientation of an ellipsoid that approximates the shape of the earth.
  `GeographicCRS`
  `createGeographicCRS(String code)`
  Creates a 2- or 3-dimensional coordinate reference system based on an ellipsoidal approximation of the geoid.
  `ImageCRS`
  `createImageCRS(String code)`
  Creates a 2-dimensional engineering coordinate reference system applied to locations in images.
  `ImageDatum`
  `createImageDatum(String code)`
  Creates a datum defining the origin of an image coordinate reference system.
  `abstract IdentifiedObject`
  `createObject(String code)`
  Returns an arbitrary object from a code.
  `OperationMethod`
  `createOperationMethod(String code)`
  Creates a description of the algorithm and parameters used to perform a coordinate operation.
  `ParameterDescriptor<?>`
  `createParameterDescriptor(String code)`
  Creates a definition of a single parameter used by an operation method.
  `DefaultParametricCRS`
  `createParametricCRS(String code)`
  Creates a 1-dimensional parametric coordinate reference system.
  `DefaultParametricCS`
  `createParametricCS(String code)`
  Creates a 1-dimensional parametric coordinate system.
  `DefaultParametricDatum`
  `createParametricDatum(String code)`
  Creates a datum defining the origin of a parametric coordinate reference system.
  `PolarCS`
  `createPolarCS(String code)`
  Creates a 2-dimensional coordinate system for coordinates represented by a distance from the origin and an angle from a fixed direction.
  `PrimeMeridian`
  `createPrimeMeridian(String code)`
  Creates a prime meridian defining the origin from which longitude values are determined.
  `ProjectedCRS`
  `createProjectedCRS(String code)`
  Creates a 2-dimensional coordinate reference system used to approximate the shape of the earth on a planar surface.
  `SphericalCS`
  `createSphericalCS(String code)`
  Creates a 3-dimensional coordinate system with one distance measured from the origin and two angular coordinates.
  `TemporalCRS`
  `createTemporalCRS(String code)`
  Creates a 1-dimensional coordinate reference system used for the recording of time.
  `TemporalDatum`
  `createTemporalDatum(String code)`
  Creates a datum defining the origin of a temporal coordinate reference system.
  `TimeCS`
  `createTimeCS(String code)`
  Creates a 1-dimensional coordinate system for time elapsed in the specified time units from a specified time origin.
  `Unit<?>`
  `createUnit(String code)`
  Creates an unit of measurement from a code.
  `VerticalCRS`
  `createVerticalCRS(String code)`
  Creates a 1-dimensional coordinate reference system used for recording heights or depths.
  `VerticalCS`
  `createVerticalCS(String code)`
  Creates a 1-dimensional coordinate system for heights or depths of points.
  `VerticalDatum`
  `createVerticalDatum(String code)`
  Creates a datum identifying a particular reference level surface used as a zero-height surface.
  `abstract Citation`
  `getAuthority()`
  Returns the database or specification that defines the codes recognized by this factory.
  `Set<String>`
  `getCodeSpaces()`
  Returns all namespaces recognized by this factory.
  `InternationalString`
  `getDescriptionText(String code)`
  Returns a description of the object corresponding to a code.
  `IdentifiedObjectFinder`
  `newIdentifiedObjectFinder()`
  Creates a finder which can be used for looking up unidentified objects.
  `String`
  `toString()`
  Returns a string representation of this factory for debugging purpose only.
  `protected final String`
  `trimNamespace(String code)`
  Trims the namespace, if present.

  ### Methods inherited from class AbstractFactory

  `getVendor`

  ### Methods inherited from class Object

  `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

  ### Methods inherited from interface AuthorityFactory

  `getAuthorityCodes`

  ### Methods inherited from interface Factory

  `getVendor`

- ## Constructor Details

  - ### GeodeticAuthorityFactory

    protected GeodeticAuthorityFactory()
    Creates a new authority factory for geodetic objects.

- ## Method Details

  - ### getAuthority

    public abstract Citation getAuthority()
    Returns the database or specification that defines the codes recognized by this factory. This method may return `null` if it cannot obtain this information, for example because the connection to a database is not available.

    #### Example

    A factory that create coordinate reference system objects from EPSG codes could return a citation like below:

           Citation
           ├─ Title ……………………………………………………… EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset
           ├─ Identifier ………………………………………… EPSG
           ├─ Online resource (1 of 2)
           │  ├─ Linkage ………………………………………… https://epsg.org/
           │  └─ Function ……………………………………… Browse
           └─ Online resource (2 of 2)
              ├─ Linkage ………………………………………… jdbc:derby:/my/path/to/SIS_DATA/Databases/SpatialMetadata
              ├─ Description ……………………………… EPSG dataset version 9.1 on “Apache Derby Embedded JDBC Driver” version 10.14.
              └─ Function ……………………………………… Connection

    The online resource description with a “Connection” function is a SIS extension.
    Specified by:
      `getAuthority` in interface `AuthorityFactory`
    Returns:
      the organization responsible for definition of the database, or `null` if unknown.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractFactory​.getVendor()`

  - ### getCodeSpaces

    public Set<String> getCodeSpaces()
    Returns all namespaces recognized by this factory. Those namespaces can appear before codes in calls to `createFoo(String)` methods, for example `"EPSG"` in `"EPSG:4326"`. Namespaces are case-insensitive.

    The namespaces are closely related to the authority. Often the namespace is the authority identifier, but not always.

    #### Examples

    - The `EPSGFactory` authority identifier is `"EPSG"` and its `getCodeSpaces()` method returns a set containing `"EPSG"`. So in this example, authority and namespace match. That namespace value means that `EPSGFactory​.createFoo(String)` methods accept both `"EPSG:4326"` (case-insensitive) and `"4326"` codes as argument.
    - The `EPSGDataAccess` authority identifier is `"EPSG"` but its `getCodeSpaces()` method returns an empty set. This means that despite the EPSG authority, `EPSGDataAccess​.createFoo(String)` methods accept only codes like `"4326"` without `"EPSG:"` prefix (the reason is that `EPSGDataAccess` is not expected to be used directly).
    - The `CommonAuthorityFactory` authority identifiers are ISO 19128 and OGC 06-042 (the WMS specification) but its `getCodeSpaces()` method returns a set containing `"CRS"`, `"AUTO"` and `"AUTO2"`. While ISO 19128 is defined as the first authority, the namespace is actually defined by OGC.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation infers the namespace from the authority. Subclasses can override this method, but the set should always contain the same elements during all factory lifetime.
    Returns:
      the namespaces recognized by this factory, or an empty set if none.

  - ### getDescriptionText

    public InternationalString getDescriptionText(String code) throws FactoryException
    Returns a description of the object corresponding to a code. The description can be used for example in a combo box in a graphical user interface.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation invokes `createObject(String)` for the given code and returns the object name. This may be costly since it involves a full object creation. Subclasses are encouraged to provide a more efficient implementation if they can.
    Specified by:
      `getDescriptionText` in interface `AuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      a description of the object, or `null` if the object corresponding to the specified `code` has no description.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if an error occurred while fetching the description.

  - ### createObject

    public abstract IdentifiedObject createObject(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Returns an arbitrary object from a code. The returned object will typically be an instance of `Datum`, `CoordinateSystem`, `CoordinateReferenceSystem` or `CoordinateOperation`. This method may be used when the type of the object to create is unknown. But it is recommended to invoke the most specific `createFoo(String)` method when the desired type is known, both for performance reason and for avoiding ambiguity.

    #### Note for subclasses

    In default `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` implementation, all `createFoo(String)` methods ultimately delegate to this `createObject(String)` method and verify if the created object is of the desired type. Overriding this method is sufficient for supporting the more specific `createFoo(String)` methods, but subclasses are encouraged to override the latter for efficiency.
    Specified by:
      `createObject` in interface `AuthorityFactory`
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the object for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractIdentifiedObject`

  - ### createCoordinateReferenceSystem

    public CoordinateReferenceSystem createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates an arbitrary coordinate reference system from a code. The returned object will typically be an instance of `GeographicCRS`, `ProjectedCRS`, `VerticalCRS` or `CompoundCRS`. If the coordinate reference system type is known at compile time, it is recommended to invoke the most precise method instead of this one (for example `createGeographicCRS(String)` instead of `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(code)` if the caller know he is asking for a geographic coordinate reference system).

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. Two frequently used authorities are "CRS" and "EPSG", which include the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Type | Description
    --- | --- | ---
    CRS:84 | Geographic | Like EPSG:4326 except for (longitude, latitude) axis order
    EPSG:4326 | Geographic | World Geodetic System 1984
    EPSG:4979 | Geographic 3D | World Geodetic System 1984
    EPSG:4978 | Geocentric | World Geodetic System 1984
    EPSG:3395 | Projected | WGS 84 / World Mercator
    EPSG:5714 | Vertical | Mean Sea Level height
    EPSG:6349 | Compound | NAD83(2011) + NAVD88 height
    EPSG:5800 | Engineering | Astra Minas Grid

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createObject(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractCRS`
      - `CRS​.forCode(String)`

  - ### createGeographicCRS

    public GeographicCRS createGeographicCRS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 2- or 3-dimensional coordinate reference system based on an ellipsoidal approximation of the geoid. This provides an accurate representation of the geometry of geographic features for a large portion of the earth's surface.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. Two frequently used authorities are "CRS" and "EPSG", which include the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Type | Description
    --- | --- | ---
    CRS:27 | Geographic | Like EPSG:4267 except for (longitude, latitude) axis order
    CRS:83 | Geographic | Like EPSG:4269 except for (longitude, latitude) axis order
    CRS:84 | Geographic | Like EPSG:4326 except for (longitude, latitude) axis order
    EPSG:4322 | Geographic | World Geodetic System 1972
    EPSG:4985 | Geographic 3D | World Geodetic System 1972
    EPSG:4326 | Geographic | World Geodetic System 1984
    EPSG:4979 | Geographic 3D | World Geodetic System 1984
    EPSG:4267 | Geographic | North American Datum 1927
    EPSG:4269 | Geographic | North American Datum 1983
    EPSG:4230 | Geographic | European Datum 1950
    EPSG:4258 | Geographic | European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989
    EPSG:4937 | Geographic 3D | European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultGeographicCRS`
      - `CommonCRS​.geographic()`
      - `CommonCRS​.geographic3D()`

  - ### createGeocentricCRS

    public GeocentricCRS createGeocentricCRS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 3-dimensional coordinate reference system with the origin at the approximate centre of mass of the earth. A geocentric CRS deals with the earth's curvature by taking a 3-dimensional spatial view, which obviates the need to model the earth's curvature.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:4936 | European Terrestrial Reference Frame 1989
    EPSG:4978 | World Geodetic System 1984
    EPSG:4984 | World Geodetic System 1972

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultGeocentricCRS`
      - `CommonCRS​.geocentric()`

  - ### createProjectedCRS

    public ProjectedCRS createProjectedCRS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 2-dimensional coordinate reference system used to approximate the shape of the earth on a planar surface. It is done in such a way that the distortion that is inherent to the approximation is carefully controlled and known. Distortion correction is commonly applied to calculated bearings and distances to produce values that are a close match to actual field values.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which contains more than 4000 codes for projected CRS. Some of them are:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:3034 | ETRS89 / Lambert Conic Conformal Europe
    EPSG:3395 | WGS 84 / World Mercator
    EPSG:6350 | NAD83(2011) / Conus Albers Equal Area

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultProjectedCRS`

  - ### createVerticalCRS

    public VerticalCRS createVerticalCRS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 1-dimensional coordinate reference system used for recording heights or depths. Vertical CRSs make use of the direction of gravity to define the concept of height or depth, but the relationship with gravity may not be straightforward.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:5715 | Mean Sea Level depth
    EPSG:5714 | Mean Sea Level height

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultVerticalCRS`
      - `CommonCRS​.Vertical​.crs()`

  - ### createTemporalCRS

    public TemporalCRS createTemporalCRS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 1-dimensional coordinate reference system used for the recording of time.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultTemporalCRS`
      - `CommonCRS​.Temporal​.crs()`

  - ### createParametricCRS

    public DefaultParametricCRS createParametricCRS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 1-dimensional parametric coordinate reference system.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Warning: in a future SIS version, the return type may be changed to `org​.opengis​.referencing​.crs​.ParametricCRS`. This change is pending GeoAPI revision.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultParametricCRS`

  - ### createCompoundCRS

    public CompoundCRS createCompoundCRS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a CRS describing the position of points through two or more independent coordinate reference systems.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:6349 | NAD83(2011) + NAVD88 height
    EPSG:7423 | ETRS89 + EVRF2007 height

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultCompoundCRS`

  - ### createDerivedCRS

    public DerivedCRS createDerivedCRS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a CRS that is defined by its coordinate conversion from another CRS (not by a datum). `DerivedCRS` cannot be `ProjectedCRS` themselves, but may be derived from a projected CRS.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultDerivedCRS`

  - ### createEngineeringCRS

    public EngineeringCRS createEngineeringCRS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 1-, 2- or 3-dimensional contextually local coordinate reference system.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:5800 | Astra Minas Grid

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultEngineeringCRS`

  - ### createImageCRS

    public ImageCRS createImageCRS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 2-dimensional engineering coordinate reference system applied to locations in images. Image coordinate reference systems are treated as a separate sub-type because a separate user community exists for images with its own terms of reference.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateReferenceSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate reference system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultImageCRS`

  - ### createDatum

    public Datum createDatum(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates an arbitrary datum from a code. The returned object will typically be an instance of `GeodeticDatum`, `VerticalDatum` or `TemporalDatum`. If the datum is known at compile time, it is recommended to invoke the most precise method instead of this one.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which contains hundred of datum. Some of them are:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Type | Description
    --- | --- | ---
    EPSG:6326 | Geodetic | World Geodetic System 1984
    EPSG:6322 | Geodetic | World Geodetic System 1972
    EPSG:1027 | Vertical | EGM2008 geoid
    EPSG:5100 | Vertical | Mean Sea Level
    EPSG:9315 | Engineering | Seismic bin grid datum

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createObject(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractDatum`

  - ### createGeodeticDatum

    public GeodeticDatum createGeodeticDatum(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a datum defining the location and orientation of an ellipsoid that approximates the shape of the earth. Geodetic datum are used together with ellipsoidal coordinate system, and also with Cartesian coordinate system centered in the ellipsoid (or sphere).

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which contains hundred of datum. Some of them are:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:6326 | World Geodetic System 1984
    EPSG:6322 | World Geodetic System 1972
    EPSG:6269 | North American Datum 1983
    EPSG:6258 | European Terrestrial Reference System 1989

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createDatum(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultGeodeticDatum`
      - `CommonCRS​.datum()`

  - ### createVerticalDatum

    public VerticalDatum createVerticalDatum(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a datum identifying a particular reference level surface used as a zero-height surface. There are several types of vertical datums, and each may place constraints on the axis with which it is combined to create a vertical CRS.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:5100 | Mean Sea Level
    EPSG:1027 | EGM2008 geoid
    EPSG:1131 | Japanese Geodetic Datum 2011 (vertical)
    EPSG:5215 | European Vertical Reference Frame 2007

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createDatum(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultVerticalDatum`
      - `CommonCRS​.Vertical​.datum()`

  - ### createTemporalDatum

    public TemporalDatum createTemporalDatum(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a datum defining the origin of a temporal coordinate reference system.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createDatum(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultTemporalDatum`
      - `CommonCRS​.Temporal​.datum()`

  - ### createParametricDatum

    public DefaultParametricDatum createParametricDatum(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a datum defining the origin of a parametric coordinate reference system.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createDatum(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Warning: in a future SIS version, the return type may be changed to `org​.opengis​.referencing​.datum​.ParametricDatum`. This change is pending GeoAPI revision.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultParametricDatum`

  - ### createEngineeringDatum

    public EngineeringDatum createEngineeringDatum(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a datum defining the origin of an engineering coordinate reference system. An engineering datum is used in a region around that origin. This origin can be fixed with respect to the earth or be a defined point on a moving vehicle.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:9315 | Seismic bin grid datum
    EPSG:9300 | Astra Minas

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createDatum(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultEngineeringDatum`

  - ### createImageDatum

    public ImageDatum createImageDatum(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a datum defining the origin of an image coordinate reference system. An image datum is used in a local context only. For an image datum, the anchor point is usually either the centre of the image or the corner of the image.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createDatum(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the datum for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultImageDatum`

  - ### createEllipsoid

    public Ellipsoid createEllipsoid(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a geometric figure that can be used to describe the approximate shape of the earth. In mathematical terms, it is a surface formed by the rotation of an ellipse about its minor axis.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:7030 | WGS 84
    EPSG:7034 | Clarke 1880
    EPSG:7048 | GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createObject(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the ellipsoid for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultEllipsoid`
      - `CommonCRS​.ellipsoid()`

  - ### createPrimeMeridian

    public PrimeMeridian createPrimeMeridian(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a prime meridian defining the origin from which longitude values are determined.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:8901 | Greenwich
    EPSG:8903 | Paris
    EPSG:8904 | Bogota
    EPSG:8905 | Madrid
    EPSG:8906 | Rome

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createObject(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the prime meridian for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultPrimeMeridian`
      - `CommonCRS​.primeMeridian()`

  - ### createExtent

    public Extent createExtent(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates information about spatial, vertical, and temporal extent (usually a domain of validity) from a code.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:1262 | World
    EPSG:3391 | World - between 80°S and 84°N

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createObject(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the extent for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultExtent`

  - ### createCoordinateSystem

    public CoordinateSystem createCoordinateSystem(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates an arbitrary coordinate system from a code. The returned object will typically be an instance of `EllipsoidalCS`, `CartesianCS`, `VerticalCS` or `TimeCS`. If the coordinate system is known at compile time, it is recommended to invoke the most precise method instead of this one.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Type | Axes | Orientations | Unit
    --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
    EPSG:4496 | Cartesian 2D CS | easting, northing (E,N) | east, north | metre
    EPSG:6422 | Ellipsoidal 2D CS | latitude, longitude | north, east | degree
    EPSG:6423 | Ellipsoidal 3D CS | latitude, longitude, ellipsoidal height | north, east, up | degree, degree, metre
    EPSG:6404 | Spherical 3D CS | latitude, longitude, radius | north, east, up | degree, degree, metre
    EPSG:6499 | Vertical CS | height (H) | up | metre

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createObject(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractCS`
      - `CoordinateSystems​.getEpsgCode(Unit, AxisDirection...)`

  - ### createEllipsoidalCS

    public EllipsoidalCS createEllipsoidalCS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 2- or 3-dimensional coordinate system for geodetic latitude and longitude, sometimes with ellipsoidal height.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Axes | Orientations | Unit
    --- | --- | --- | ---
    EPSG:6422 | latitude, longitude | north, east | degree
    EPSG:6424 | longitude, latitude | east, north | degree
    EPSG:6429 | longitude, latitude | east, north | radian
    EPSG:6423 | latitude, longitude, ellipsoidal height | north, east, up | degree, degree, metre

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultEllipsoidalCS`

  - ### createVerticalCS

    public VerticalCS createVerticalCS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 1-dimensional coordinate system for heights or depths of points.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Axes | Orientations | Unit
    --- | --- | --- | ---
    EPSG:6498 | depth (D) | down | metre
    EPSG:6499 | height (H) | up | metre

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultVerticalCS`

  - ### createTimeCS

    public TimeCS createTimeCS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 1-dimensional coordinate system for time elapsed in the specified time units from a specified time origin.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultTimeCS`

  - ### createParametricCS

    public DefaultParametricCS createParametricCS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 1-dimensional parametric coordinate system.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Warning: in a future SIS version, the return type may be changed to `org​.opengis​.referencing​.cs​.ParametricCS`. This change is pending GeoAPI revision.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultParametricCS`

  - ### createCartesianCS

    public CartesianCS createCartesianCS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 2- or 3-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system made of straight orthogonal axes. All axes shall have the same linear unit of measure.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Axes | Orientations | Unit
    --- | --- | --- | ---
    EPSG:4406 | easting, northing (E,N) | east, north | kilometre
    EPSG:4496 | easting, northing (E,N) | east, north | metre
    EPSG:4500 | northing, easting (N,E) | north, east | metre
    EPSG:4491 | westing, northing (W,N) | west, north | metre

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultCartesianCS`

  - ### createSphericalCS

    public SphericalCS createSphericalCS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 3-dimensional coordinate system with one distance measured from the origin and two angular coordinates. Not to be confused with an ellipsoidal coordinate system based on an ellipsoid "degenerated" into a sphere.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Axes | Orientations | Unit
    --- | --- | --- | ---
    EPSG:6404 | latitude, longitude, radius | north, east, up | degree, degree, metre

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultSphericalCS`

  - ### createCylindricalCS

    public CylindricalCS createCylindricalCS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 3-dimensional coordinate system made of a polar coordinate system extended by a straight perpendicular axis.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultCylindricalCS`

  - ### createPolarCS

    public PolarCS createPolarCS(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a 2-dimensional coordinate system for coordinates represented by a distance from the origin and an angle from a fixed direction.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createCoordinateSystem(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the coordinate system for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultPolarCS`

  - ### createCoordinateSystemAxis

    public CoordinateSystemAxis createCoordinateSystemAxis(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a coordinate system axis with name, direction, unit and range of values.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description | Unit
    --- | --- | ---
    EPSG:106 | Latitude (φ) | degree
    EPSG:107 | Longitude (λ) | degree
    EPSG:1 | Easting (E) | metre
    EPSG:2 | Northing (N) | metre

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createObject(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the axis for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultCoordinateSystemAxis`

  - ### createUnit

    public Unit<?> createUnit(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates an unit of measurement from a code.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:9002 | decimal degree
    EPSG:9001 | metre
    EPSG:9030 | kilometre
    EPSG:1040 | second
    EPSG:1029 | year

    See `Units​.valueOfEPSG(int)` for a more complete list of codes.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createObject(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the unit of measurement for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `Units​.valueOfEPSG(int)`

  - ### createParameterDescriptor

    public ParameterDescriptor<?> createParameterDescriptor(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a definition of a single parameter used by an operation method.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:8801 | Latitude of natural origin
    EPSG:8802 | Longitude of natural origin
    EPSG:8805 | Scale factor at natural origin
    EPSG:8806 | False easting
    EPSG:8807 | False northing

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createObject(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the parameter descriptor for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultParameterDescriptor`
      - Apache SIS™ Coordinate Operation Methods

  - ### createOperationMethod

    public OperationMethod createOperationMethod(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates a description of the algorithm and parameters used to perform a coordinate operation. An `OperationMethod` is a kind of metadata: it does not perform any coordinate operation (e.g. map projection) by itself, but tells us what is needed in order to perform such operation.

    Available methods depend both on the set declared by the authority and on the list of methods implemented in Apache SIS. In order to be supported, an operation method must have its formulas coded in the Java programming language. See `MathTransformProvider` for more information.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createObject(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the operation method for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `DefaultOperationMethod`
      - Apache SIS™ Coordinate Operation Methods

  - ### createCoordinateOperation

    public CoordinateOperation createCoordinateOperation(String code) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates an operation for transforming coordinates in the source CRS to coordinates in the target CRS. Coordinate operations contain a math transform, which does the actual work of transforming coordinates.

    #### Examples

    The set of available codes depends on the defining authority and the `GeodeticAuthorityFactory` subclass in use. A frequently used authority is "EPSG", which includes the following codes:

    Authority codes examples
    Code | Description
    --- | ---
    EPSG:1133 | ED50 to WGS 84 (1)
    EPSG:1241 | NAD27 to NAD83 (1)
    EPSG:1173 | NAD27 to WGS 84 (4)
    EPSG:6326 | NAD83(2011) to NAVD88 height (1)

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation delegates to `createObject(String)` and casts the result. If the result cannot be casted, then a `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` is thrown.
    Parameters:
      `code` - value allocated by authority.
    Returns:
      the operation for the given code.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if the specified `code` was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.
    See Also:
      - `AbstractCoordinateOperation`

  - ### createFromCoordinateReferenceSystemCodes

    public Set<CoordinateOperation> createFromCoordinateReferenceSystemCodes(String sourceCRS, String targetCRS) throws NoSuchAuthorityCodeException, FactoryException
    Creates operations from source and target coordinate reference system codes. This method should only extract the information explicitly declared in a database like EPSG. This method should not attempt to infer by itself operations that are not explicitly recorded in the database.

    #### Default implementation

    The default implementation returns an empty set.
    Parameters:
      `sourceCRS` - coded value of source coordinate reference system.
      `targetCRS` - coded value of target coordinate reference system.
    Returns:
      the operations from `sourceCRS` to `targetCRS`.
    Throws:
      `NoSuchAuthorityCodeException` - if a specified code was not found.
      `FactoryException` - if the object creation failed for some other reason.

  - ### newIdentifiedObjectFinder

    public IdentifiedObjectFinder newIdentifiedObjectFinder() throws FactoryException
    Creates a finder which can be used for looking up unidentified objects. The finder tries to fetch a fully identified object from an incomplete one, for example from an object without "`ID[…]`" or "`AUTHORITY[…]`" element in Well Known Text.
    Returns:
      a finder to use for looking up unidentified objects.
    Throws:
      `FactoryException` - if the finder cannot be created.
    See Also:
      - `IdentifiedObjects​.newFinder(String)`

  - ### trimNamespace

    protected final String trimNamespace(String code)
    Trims the namespace, if present. For example if this factory is an EPSG authority factory and the specified code start with the `"EPSG:"` prefix, then the prefix is removed. Otherwise, the string is returned unchanged (except for leading and trailing spaces).
    Parameters:
      `code` - the code to trim.
    Returns:
      the code with the namespace part removed if that part matched one of the values given by `getCodeSpaces()`.
    Since:
      0.8

  - ### toString

    public String toString()
    Returns a string representation of this factory for debugging purpose only. The string returned by this method may change in any future SIS version.
    Overrides:
      `toString` in class `Object`
    Returns:
      a string representation for debugging purpose.