org.apache.sis.measure

## Class NumberRange<E extends Number & Comparable<? super E>>

- Object
- - Range<E>
  - - NumberRange<E>

- Type Parameters:
    `E` - the type of range elements as a subclass of `Number`.
  All Implemented Interfaces:
    Serializable, Formattable, CheckedContainer<E>, Emptiable
  Direct Known Subclasses:
    MeasurementRange

      public class NumberRange<E extends Number & Comparable<? super E>>
      extends Range<E>

  A range of numbers capable of widening conversions when performing range operations. `NumberRange` has no unit of measurement. For a range of physical measurements with unit of measure, see `MeasurementRange`.

  `NumberRange` has some capability to convert different number types before to perform operations. In order to provide both this flexibility and the safety of generic types, most operations in this class are defined in two versions:

  - Methods inherited from the `Range` parent class (`contains`, `intersect`, `intersects`, `union` and `subtract`) requires argument or range elements of type `<E>`. No type conversion is performed.
  - Methods defined in this class with the `Any` suffix (`containsAny`, `intersectAny`, `intersectsAny`, `unionAny` and `subtractAny`) are more lenient on the argument or range element type `<E>`. Widening conversions are performed as needed.
  The methods from the parent class are preferable when the ranges are known to contain elements of the same type, since they avoid the cost of type checks and conversions. The method in this class are convenient when the parameterized type is unknown (`<?>`).

  Other methods defined in this class:

  - Convenience `create(…)` static methods for every numeric primitive types.
  - `castTo(Class)` for casting the range values to an other type.
  Relationship with standards
  `NumberRange` is the SIS class closest to the mathematical definition of interval. It is closely related, while not identical, to the ISO 19123 (Coverage geometry and functions) definition of "ranges". At the difference of the parent `Range` class, which can be used only with discrete coverages, the `NumberRange` class can also be used with continuous coverages.
  Immutability and thread safety
  This class and the `MeasurementRange` subclasses are immutable, and thus inherently thread-safe. Other subclasses may or may not be immutable, at implementation choice. But implementors are encouraged to make sure that all subclasses remain immutable for more predictable behavior.
  Shared instances
  Note: following is implementation details provided for information purpose. The caching policy may change in any SIS version.

  All `create` static methods may return a shared instance. Those methods are preferred to the constructors when the range is expected to have a long lifetime, typically as instance given to parameter descriptor. Other methods do not check for shared instances, since the created object is often temporary.

  Since:
    0.3
  See Also:
    `RangeFormat`, `RangeSet`, Wikipedia: Interval, Serialized Form

  Defined in the `sis-utility` module

- - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `NumberRange(Class<E> type, E minValue, boolean isMinIncluded, E maxValue, boolean isMaxIncluded)` Constructs a range of `Number` objects.
    `NumberRange(Class<E> type, ValueRange range)` Constructs a range of the given type with values from the given annotation.
    `NumberRange(Range<E> range)` Constructs a range with the same type and the same values than the specified range.

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `static <N extends Number & Comparable<? super N>> NumberRange<N>` | `castOrCopy(Range<N> range)` Returns the specified `Range` as a `NumberRange` object.
    `<N extends Number & Comparable<? super N>> NumberRange<N>` | `castTo(Class<N> type)` Casts this range to the specified type.
    `boolean` | `containsAny(Number value)` Returns `true` if this range contains the given value.
    `boolean` | `containsAny(NumberRange<?> range)` Returns `true` if the supplied range is fully contained within this range.
    `static NumberRange<Byte>` | `create(byte minValue, boolean isMinIncluded, byte maxValue, boolean isMaxIncluded)` Constructs a range of `byte` values.
    `static NumberRange<Double>` | `create(double minValue, boolean isMinIncluded, double maxValue, boolean isMaxIncluded)` Constructs a range of `double` values.
    `static NumberRange<Float>` | `create(float minValue, boolean isMinIncluded, float maxValue, boolean isMaxIncluded)` Constructs a range of `float` values.
    `static NumberRange<Integer>` | `create(int minValue, boolean isMinIncluded, int maxValue, boolean isMaxIncluded)` Constructs a range of `int` values.
    `static NumberRange<Long>` | `create(long minValue, boolean isMinIncluded, long maxValue, boolean isMaxIncluded)` Constructs a range of `long` values.
    `static NumberRange<Short>` | `create(short minValue, boolean isMinIncluded, short maxValue, boolean isMaxIncluded)` Constructs a range of `short` values.
    `static NumberRange<?>` | `createBestFit(Number minValue, boolean isMinIncluded, Number maxValue, boolean isMaxIncluded)` Constructs a range using the smallest type of `Number` that can hold the given values.
    `static NumberRange<Integer>` | `createLeftBounded(int minValue, boolean isMinIncluded)` Constructs a range of `int` values without upper bound.
    `double` | `getMaxDouble()` Returns the maximum value as a `double`.
    `double` | `getMaxDouble(boolean inclusive)` Returns the maximum value with the specified inclusive or exclusive state.
    `double` | `getMinDouble()` Returns the minimum value as a `double`.
    `double` | `getMinDouble(boolean inclusive)` Returns the minimum value with the specified inclusive or exclusive state.
    `NumberRange<?>` | `intersectAny(NumberRange<?> range)` Returns the union of this range with the given range.
    `boolean` | `intersectsAny(NumberRange<?> range)` Returns `true` if the supplied range is fully contained within this range.
    `NumberRange<?>[]` | `subtractAny(NumberRange<?> range)` Returns the range of values that are in this range but not in the given range.
    `NumberRange<?>` | `unionAny(NumberRange<?> range)` Returns the union of this range with the given range.

    - ### Methods inherited from class Range

      `contains, contains, equals, formatTo, getElementType, getMaxValue, getMinValue, hashCode, intersect, intersects, isEmpty, isMaxIncluded, isMinIncluded, subtract, toString, union`

    - ### Methods inherited from class Object

      `clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### NumberRange

          public NumberRange(Range<E> range)

      Constructs a range with the same type and the same values than the specified range. This is a copy constructor.
      Parameters:
        `range` - the range to copy. The elements must be `Number` instances.

    - #### NumberRange

          public NumberRange(Class<E> type,
                             ValueRange range)
                      throws IllegalArgumentException

      Constructs a range of the given type with values from the given annotation. This constructor does not verify if the given type is wide enough for the values of the given annotation, because those information are usually static. If nevertheless the given type is not wide enough, then the values are truncated in the same way than the Java language casts primitive types.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the element type, restricted to one of `Byte`, `Short`, `Integer`, `Long`, `Float` or `Double`.
        `range` - the range of values.
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the given type is not one of the primitive wrappers for numeric types.

    - #### NumberRange

          public NumberRange(Class<E> type,
                             E minValue,
                             boolean isMinIncluded,
                             E maxValue,
                             boolean isMaxIncluded)

      Constructs a range of `Number` objects.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the element type, usually one of `Byte`, `Short`, `Integer`, `Long`, `Float` or `Double`.
        `minValue` - the minimal value, or `null` if none.
        `isMinIncluded` - `true` if the minimal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
        `maxValue` - the maximal value, or `null` if none.
        `isMaxIncluded` - `true` if the maximal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### create

          public static NumberRange<Byte> create(byte minValue,
                                                 boolean isMinIncluded,
                                                 byte maxValue,
                                                 boolean isMaxIncluded)

      Constructs a range of `byte` values. This method may return a shared instance, at implementation choice.
      Parameters:
        `minValue` - the minimal value.
        `isMinIncluded` - `true` if the minimal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
        `maxValue` - the maximal value.
        `isMaxIncluded` - `true` if the maximal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
      Returns:
        the new range of numeric values for the given endpoints.

    - #### create

          public static NumberRange<Short> create(short minValue,
                                                  boolean isMinIncluded,
                                                  short maxValue,
                                                  boolean isMaxIncluded)

      Constructs a range of `short` values. This method may return a shared instance, at implementation choice.
      Parameters:
        `minValue` - the minimal value.
        `isMinIncluded` - `true` if the minimal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
        `maxValue` - the maximal value.
        `isMaxIncluded` - `true` if the maximal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
      Returns:
        the new range of numeric values for the given endpoints.

    - #### create

          public static NumberRange<Integer> create(int minValue,
                                                    boolean isMinIncluded,
                                                    int maxValue,
                                                    boolean isMaxIncluded)

      Constructs a range of `int` values. This method may return a shared instance, at implementation choice.
      Parameters:
        `minValue` - the minimal value.
        `isMinIncluded` - `true` if the minimal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
        `maxValue` - the maximal value.
        `isMaxIncluded` - `true` if the maximal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
      Returns:
        the new range of numeric values for the given endpoints.
      See Also:
        `createLeftBounded(int, boolean)`

    - #### create

          public static NumberRange<Long> create(long minValue,
                                                 boolean isMinIncluded,
                                                 long maxValue,
                                                 boolean isMaxIncluded)

      Constructs a range of `long` values. This method may return a shared instance, at implementation choice.
      Parameters:
        `minValue` - the minimal value.
        `isMinIncluded` - `true` if the minimal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
        `maxValue` - the maximal value.
        `isMaxIncluded` - `true` if the maximal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
      Returns:
        the new range of numeric values for the given endpoints.

    - #### create

          public static NumberRange<Float> create(float minValue,
                                                  boolean isMinIncluded,
                                                  float maxValue,
                                                  boolean isMaxIncluded)

      Constructs a range of `float` values. The values can not be `Float​.NaN`. This method may return a shared instance, at implementation choice.
      Parameters:
        `minValue` - the minimal value, or `Float​.NEGATIVE_INFINITY` if none.
        `isMinIncluded` - `true` if the minimal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
        `maxValue` - the maximal value, or `Float​.POSITIVE_INFINITY` if none.
        `isMaxIncluded` - `true` if the maximal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
      Returns:
        the new range of numeric values for the given endpoints.

    - #### create

          public static NumberRange<Double> create(double minValue,
                                                   boolean isMinIncluded,
                                                   double maxValue,
                                                   boolean isMaxIncluded)

      Constructs a range of `double` values. The values can not be `Double​.NaN`. This method may return a shared instance, at implementation choice.
      Parameters:
        `minValue` - the minimal value, or `Double​.NEGATIVE_INFINITY` if none.
        `isMinIncluded` - `true` if the minimal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
        `maxValue` - the maximal value, or `Double​.POSITIVE_INFINITY` if none.
        `isMaxIncluded` - `true` if the maximal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
      Returns:
        the new range of numeric values for the given endpoints.

    - #### createLeftBounded

          public static NumberRange<Integer> createLeftBounded(int minValue,
                                                               boolean isMinIncluded)

      Constructs a range of `int` values without upper bound. This method may return a shared instance, at implementation choice.
      Note: for creating left-bounded ranges of floating point values, use one of the `create(…)` methods with a `POSITIVE_INFINITY` constant. We do not provide variants for other integer types because this method is typically invoked for defining the cardinality of an attribute.
      Parameters:
        `minValue` - the minimal value.
        `isMinIncluded` - `true` if the minimal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
      Returns:
        the new range of numeric values from `minValue` to positive infinity.
      Since:
        0.5
      See Also:
        `create(int, boolean, int, boolean)`

    - #### createBestFit

          public static NumberRange<?> createBestFit(Number minValue,
                                                     boolean isMinIncluded,
                                                     Number maxValue,
                                                     boolean isMaxIncluded)

      Constructs a range using the smallest type of `Number` that can hold the given values. The given numbers don't need to be of the same type since they will be casted as needed. More specifically this method returns:
      - `NumberRange<Byte>` if the given values are integers between -128 and 127 inclusive.
      - `NumberRange<Short>` if the given values are integers between -32768 and 32767 inclusive.
      - `NumberRange<Integer>` if the given values are integers between -2147483648 and 2147483647 inclusive.
      - `NumberRange<Long>` if the given values are integers in the range of `long` values.
      - `NumberRange<Float>` if the given values can be casted to `float` values without data lost.
      - `NumberRange<Double>` If none of the above types is suitable.
      This method may return a shared instance, at implementation choice.
      Parameters:
        `minValue` - the minimal value, or `null` if none.
        `isMinIncluded` - `true` if the minimal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
        `maxValue` - the maximal value, or `null` if none.
        `isMaxIncluded` - `true` if the maximal value is inclusive, or `false` if exclusive.
      Returns:
        the new range, or `null` if both `minValue` and `maxValue` are `null`.

    - #### castOrCopy

          public static <N extends Number & Comparable<? super N>> NumberRange<N> castOrCopy(Range<N> range)

      Returns the specified `Range` as a `NumberRange` object. If the specified range is already an instance of `NumberRange`, then it is returned unchanged. Otherwise a new number range is created using the copy constructor.
      Type Parameters:
        `N` - the type of elements in the given range.
      Parameters:
        `range` - the range to cast or copy.
      Returns:
        the same range than `range` as a `NumberRange` object.

    - #### castTo

          public <N extends Number & Comparable<? super N>> NumberRange<N> castTo(Class<N> type)
                                                                           throws IllegalArgumentException

      Casts this range to the specified type. If the cast from this range type to the given type is a narrowing conversion, then the cast is performed according the rules of the Java language: the high-order bytes are silently dropped.
      Type Parameters:
        `N` - the class to cast to.
      Parameters:
        `type` - the class to cast to. Must be one of `Byte`, `Short`, `Integer`, `Long`, `Float` or `Double`.
      Returns:
        the casted range, or `this` if this range already uses the specified type.
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the given type is not one of the primitive wrappers for numeric types.

    - #### getMinDouble

          public double getMinDouble()

      Returns the minimum value as a `double`. If this range is unbounded, then `Double​.NEGATIVE_INFINITY` is returned.
      Returns:
        the minimum value.

    - #### getMinDouble

          public double getMinDouble(boolean inclusive)

      Returns the minimum value with the specified inclusive or exclusive state. If this range is unbounded, then `Double​.NEGATIVE_INFINITY` is returned.
      Parameters:
        `inclusive` - `true` for the minimum value inclusive, or `false` for the minimum value exclusive.
      Returns:
        the minimum value, inclusive or exclusive as requested.

    - #### getMaxDouble

          public double getMaxDouble()

      Returns the maximum value as a `double`. If this range is unbounded, then `Double​.POSITIVE_INFINITY` is returned.
      Returns:
        the maximum value.

    - #### getMaxDouble

          public double getMaxDouble(boolean inclusive)

      Returns the maximum value with the specified inclusive or exclusive state. If this range is unbounded, then `Double​.POSITIVE_INFINITY` is returned.
      Parameters:
        `inclusive` - `true` for the maximum value inclusive, or `false` for the maximum value exclusive.
      Returns:
        the maximum value, inclusive or exclusive as requested.

    - #### containsAny

          public boolean containsAny(Number value)
                              throws IllegalArgumentException

      Returns `true` if this range contains the given value. This method converts `this` or the given argument to the widest numeric type, then performs the same work than `Range​.contains(Comparable)`.
      Parameters:
        `value` - the value to check for inclusion in this range.
      Returns:
        `true` if the given value is included in this range.
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the given range can not be converted to a valid type through widening conversion.

    - #### containsAny

          public boolean containsAny(NumberRange<?> range)
                              throws IllegalArgumentException

      Returns `true` if the supplied range is fully contained within this range. This method converts `this` or the given argument to the widest numeric type, then delegates to `Range​.contains(Range)`.
      Parameters:
        `range` - the range to check for inclusion in this range.
      Returns:
        `true` if the given range is included in this range.
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the given range can not be converted to a valid type through widening conversion, or if the units of measurement are not convertible.

    - #### intersectsAny

          public boolean intersectsAny(NumberRange<?> range)
                                throws IllegalArgumentException

      Returns `true` if the supplied range is fully contained within this range. This method converts `this` or the given argument to the widest numeric type, then delegates to `Range​.intersects(Range)`.
      Parameters:
        `range` - the range to check for inclusion in this range.
      Returns:
        `true` if the given range is included in this range.
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the given range can not be converted to a valid type through widening conversion, or if the units of measurement are not convertible.

    - #### intersectAny

          public NumberRange<?> intersectAny(NumberRange<?> range)
                                      throws IllegalArgumentException

      Returns the union of this range with the given range. This method converts `this` or the given argument to the widest numeric type, then delegates to `Range​.intersect(Range)`.
      Parameters:
        `range` - the range to add to this range.
      Returns:
        the union of this range with the given range.
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the given range can not be converted to a valid type through widening conversion, or if the units of measurement are not convertible.

    - #### unionAny

          public NumberRange<?> unionAny(NumberRange<?> range)
                                  throws IllegalArgumentException

      Returns the union of this range with the given range. This method converts `this` or the given argument to the widest numeric type, then delegates to `Range​.union(Range)`.
      Parameters:
        `range` - the range to add to this range.
      Returns:
        the union of this range with the given range.
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the given range can not be converted to a valid type through widening conversion, or if the units of measurement are not convertible.

    - #### subtractAny

          public NumberRange<?>[] subtractAny(NumberRange<?> range)
                                       throws IllegalArgumentException

      Returns the range of values that are in this range but not in the given range. This method converts `this` or the given argument to the widest numeric type, then delegates to `Range​.subtract(Range)`.
      Parameters:
        `range` - the range to subtract.
      Returns:
        this range without the given range, as an array of length 0, 1 or 2.
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if the given range can not be converted to a valid type through widening conversion, or if the units of measurement are not convertible.

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