org.apache.sis.referencing

## Enum CommonCRS

- Object
- - Enum<CommonCRS>
  - - CommonCRS

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Serializable, Comparable<CommonCRS>

      public enum CommonCRS
      extends Enum<CommonCRS>

  Frequently-used geodetic CRS and datum that are guaranteed to be available in SIS. Methods in this enumeration are shortcuts for object definitions in the EPSG database. If there is no EPSG database available, or if the query failed, or if there is no EPSG definition for an object, then `CommonCRS` fallback on hard-coded values. Consequently, those methods never return `null`.

  Referencing objects are cached after creation. Invoking the same method on the same `CommonCRS` instance twice will return the same `IdentifiedObject` instance, unless the internal cache has been cleared (e.g. the application is running in a container environment and some modules have been installed or uninstalled).

  Example: the following code fetches a geographic Coordinate Reference System using (longitude, latitude) axis order on the `WGS84` geodetic datum:

      GeographicCRS crs = CommonCRS.WGS84.normalizedGeographic();

  For each enumeration value, the name of the CRS, datum and ellipsoid objects may or may not be the same. Below is an alphabetical list of object names available in this enumeration:

  > Geodetic objects accessible by enumeration constants
  > Name or alias | Object type | Enumeration value
  > --- | --- | ---
  > Clarke 1866 | Ellipsoid | `NAD27`
  > European Datum 1950 (ED50) | CRS, datum | `ED50`
  > European Terrestrial Reference Frame (ETRS) 1989 | CRS, datum | `ETRS89`
  > European Terrestrial Reference System (ETRF) 1989 | CRS, datum | `ETRS89`
  > Greenwich | Prime meridian | `WGS84`, `WGS72`, `ETRS89`, `NAD83`, `NAD27`, `ED50`, `SPHERE`
  > GRS 1980 | Ellipsoid | `ETRS89`, `NAD83`
  > GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere | Ellipsoid | `SPHERE`
  > Hayford 1909 | Ellipsoid | `ED50`
  > International 1924 | Ellipsoid | `ED50`
  > International 1979 | Ellipsoid | `ETRS89`, `NAD83`
  > North American Datum 1927 | CRS, datum | `NAD27`
  > North American Datum 1983 | CRS, datum | `NAD83`
  > NWL 10D | Ellipsoid | `WGS72`
  > World Geodetic System (WGS) 1972 | CRS, datum, ellipsoid | `WGS72`
  > World Geodetic System (WGS) 1984 | CRS, datum, ellipsoid | `WGS84`

  Since:
    0.4
  See Also:
    `CommonAuthorityFactory`

  Defined in the `sis-referencing` module

- - ### Nested Class Summary

    Nested Classes
    Modifier and Type | Class and Description
    --- | ---
    `static class` | `CommonCRS.Temporal` Frequently-used temporal CRS and datum that are guaranteed to be available in SIS.
    `static class` | `CommonCRS.Vertical` Frequently-used vertical CRS and datum that are guaranteed to be available in SIS.

  - ### Enum Constant Summary

    Enum Constants
    Enum Constant and Description
    `ED50` European Datum 1950.
    `ETRS89` European Terrestrial Reference System 1989.
    `NAD27` North American Datum 1927.
    `NAD83` North American Datum 1983.
    `SPHERE` Unspecified datum based upon the GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere.
    `WGS72` World Geodetic System 1972.
    `WGS84` World Geodetic System 1984.

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Deprecated Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `GeodeticDatum` | `datum()` Returns the geodetic datum associated to this geodetic object.
    `static GeographicCRS` | `defaultGeographic()` Returns the default two-dimensional normalized geographic CRS.
    `Ellipsoid` | `ellipsoid()` Returns the ellipsoid associated to this geodetic object.
    `static CommonCRS` | `forDatum(CoordinateReferenceSystem crs)` Returns the `CommonCRS` enumeration value for the datum of the given CRS.
    `GeocentricCRS` | `geocentric()` Returns the geocentric CRS using a Cartesian coordinate system.
    `GeographicCRS` | `geographic()` Returns the two-dimensional geographic CRS with axes in the standard (latitude, longitude) order.
    `GeographicCRS` | `geographic3D()` Returns the three-dimensional geographic CRS with axes in the standard (latitude, longitude, height) order.
    `GeographicCRS` | `normalizedGeographic()` Returns a two-dimensional geographic CRS with axes in the non-standard but computationally convenient (longitude, latitude) order.
    `PrimeMeridian` | `primeMeridian()` Returns the prime meridian associated to this geodetic object.
    `GeocentricCRS` | `spherical()` Returns the geocentric CRS using a spherical coordinate system.
    `ProjectedCRS` | `universal(double latitude, double longitude)` Returns a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) or a Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) projection for the zone containing the given point.
    `ProjectedCRS` | `UTM(double latitude, double longitude)` Deprecated. Generalized by `universal(double, double)`, which can also return a UPS projection when appropriate.
    `static CommonCRS` | `valueOf(String name)` Returns the enum constant of this type with the specified name.
    `static CommonCRS[]` | `values()` Returns an array containing the constants of this enum type, in the order they are declared.

    - ### Methods inherited from class Enum

      `clone, compareTo, equals, finalize, getDeclaringClass, hashCode, name, ordinal, toString, valueOf`

    - ### Methods inherited from class Object

      `getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Enum Constant Detail

    - #### WGS84

          public static final CommonCRS WGS84

      World Geodetic System 1984. This is the default CRS for most `org​.apache​.sis` packages.

      > WMS identifier: | CRS:84
      > EPSG identifiers: | 4326 (datum: 6326, ellipsoid: 7030)
      > Primary names: | "WGS 84" (datum: "World Geodetic System 1984")
      > Abbreviations or aliases: | (datum: "WGS 84", ellipsoid: "WGS84")
      > Prime meridian: | Greenwich
      > Semi-major axis length: | 6378137
      > Semi-minor axis length: | 6356752 (approximative)
      > Inverse flattening: | 298.257223563 (definitive)
      > Ellipsoid axes unit: | `Units.METRE`
      > UTM zones: | 1 to 60 in North and South hemispheres

    - #### WGS72

          public static final CommonCRS WGS72

      World Geodetic System 1972.

      > EPSG identifiers: | 4322 (datum: 6322, ellipsoid: 7043)
      > Primary names: | "WGS 72" (datum: "World Geodetic System 1972")
      > Abbreviations or aliases: | (datum: "WGS 72", ellipsoid: "NWL 10D")
      > Prime meridian: | Greenwich
      > Semi-major axis length: | 6378135
      > Semi-minor axis length: | 6356751 (approximative)
      > Inverse flattening: | 298.26 (definitive)
      > Ellipsoid axes unit: | `Units.METRE`
      > UTM zones: | 1 to 60 in North and South hemispheres

    - #### NAD83

          public static final CommonCRS NAD83

      North American Datum 1983. The ellipsoid is "GRS 1980", also known as "International 1979". This ellipsoid is very close, but not identical, to the WGS84 one.

      > WMS identifier: | CRS:83
      > EPSG identifiers: | 4269 (datum: 6269, ellipsoid: 7019)
      > Primary names: | "NAD83" (datum: "North American Datum 1983", ellipsoid: "GRS 1980")
      > Abbreviations or aliases: | "NAD83 (1986)" (ellipsoid: "International 1979")
      > Prime meridian: | Greenwich
      > Semi-major axis length: | 6378137
      > Semi-minor axis length: | 6356752 (approximative)
      > Inverse flattening: | 298.257222101 (definitive)
      > Ellipsoid axes unit: | `Units.METRE`
      > UTM zones: | 1 to 23 in the North hemisphere

      Note: `ETRS89` uses the same ellipsoid for a different datum. The Web Map Server `"CRS:83"` authority code uses the NAD83 datum, while the `"IGNF:MILLER"` authority code uses the GRS80 datum.

    - #### NAD27

          public static final CommonCRS NAD27

      North American Datum 1927.

      > WMS identifier: | CRS:27
      > EPSG identifiers: | 4267 (datum: 6267, ellipsoid: 7008)
      > Primary names: | "NAD27" (datum: "North American Datum 1927", ellipsoid: "Clarke 1866")
      > Abbreviations or aliases: | (datum: "NAD27")
      > Prime meridian: | Greenwich
      > Semi-major axis length: | 6378206.4
      > Semi-minor axis length: | 6356583.8 (definitive)
      > Ellipsoid axes unit: | `Units.METRE`
      > UTM zones: | 1 to 22 in the North hemisphere

    - #### ETRS89

          public static final CommonCRS ETRS89

      European Terrestrial Reference System 1989. The ellipsoid is "GRS 1980", also known as "International 1979". This ellipsoid is very close, but not identical, to the WGS84 one.

      > EPSG identifiers: | 4258 (datum: 6258, ellipsoid: 7019)
      > Primary names: | "ETRS89" (datum: "European Terrestrial Reference System 1989", ellipsoid: "GRS 1980")
      > Abbreviations or aliases: | "ETRF89", "EUREF89", "ETRS89-GRS80" (ellipsoid: "International 1979")
      > Prime meridian: | Greenwich
      > Semi-major axis length: | 6378137
      > Semi-minor axis length: | 6356752 (approximative)
      > Inverse flattening: | 298.257222101 (definitive)
      > Ellipsoid axes unit: | `Units.METRE`
      > UTM zones: | 28 to 37 in the North hemisphere

      Note: `NAD83` uses the same ellipsoid for a different datum. The Web Map Server `"CRS:83"` authority code uses the NAD83 datum, while the `"IGNF:MILLER"` authority code uses the GRS80 datum.

    - #### ED50

          public static final CommonCRS ED50

      European Datum 1950.

      > EPSG identifiers: | 4230 (datum: 6230, ellipsoid: 7022)
      > Primary names: | "ED50" (datum: "European Datum 1950", ellipsoid: "International 1924")
      > Abbreviations or aliases: | (datum: "ED50", ellipsoid: "Hayford 1909")
      > Prime meridian: | Greenwich
      > Semi-major axis length: | 6378388
      > Semi-minor axis length: | 6356912 (approximative)
      > Inverse flattening: | 297 (definitive)
      > Ellipsoid axes unit: | `Units.METRE`
      > UTM zones: | 28 to 38 in the North hemisphere

    - #### SPHERE

          public static final CommonCRS SPHERE

      Unspecified datum based upon the GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere. Spheres use a simpler algorithm for orthodromic distance computation, which may be faster and more robust.

      > EPSG identifiers: | 4047 (datum: 6047, ellipsoid: 7048)
      > Primary names: | "Unspecified datum based upon the GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere"
      > Prime meridian: | Greenwich
      > Semi-major axis length: | 6371007
      > Semi-minor axis length: | 6371007 (definitive)
      > Ellipsoid axes unit: | `Units.METRE`

      See Also:
        `DefaultEllipsoid​.getAuthalicRadius()`

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### values

          public static CommonCRS[] values()

      Returns an array containing the constants of this enum type, in the order they are declared. This method may be used to iterate over the constants as follows:

          for (CommonCRS c : CommonCRS.values())
              System.out.println(c);

      Returns:
        an array containing the constants of this enum type, in the order they are declared

    - #### valueOf

          public static CommonCRS valueOf(String name)

      Returns the enum constant of this type with the specified name. The string must match exactly an identifier used to declare an enum constant in this type. (Extraneous whitespace characters are not permitted.)
      Parameters:
        `name` - the name of the enum constant to be returned.
      Returns:
        the enum constant with the specified name
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if this enum type has no constant with the specified name
        `NullPointerException` - if the argument is null

    - #### forDatum

          public static CommonCRS forDatum(CoordinateReferenceSystem crs)

      Returns the `CommonCRS` enumeration value for the datum of the given CRS. The given CRS shall comply to the following conditions (otherwise an `IllegalArgumentException` is thrown):
      - The `crs` is either an instance of `SingleCRS`, or an instance of `CompoundCRS` with an horizontal component.
      - The `crs` or the horizontal component of `crs` is associated to a `GeodeticDatum`.
      - The geodetic datum either
        - has the same EPSG code than one of the `CommonCRS` enumeration values, or
        - has no EPSG code but is equal, ignoring metadata, to the `datum()` value of one of the `CommonCRS` enumeration values.
      This method is useful for easier creation of various coordinate reference systems through the `geographic()`, `geocentric()` or other convenience methods when the set of datums supported by `CommonCRS` is known to be sufficient.
      Parameters:
        `crs` - the coordinate reference system for which to get a `CommonCRS` value.
      Returns:
        the `CommonCRS` value for the geodetic datum of the given CRS.
      Throws:
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if no `CommonCRS` value can be found for the given CRS.
      Since:
        0.8
      See Also:
        `datum()`

    - #### defaultGeographic

          public static GeographicCRS defaultGeographic()

      Returns the default two-dimensional normalized geographic CRS. The CRS returned by this method has the following properties:
      - Axis order is (longitude, latitude).
      - Axis directions are (East, North).
      - Angular unit is `Units​.DEGREE`.
      - Prime meridian in Greenwich.
      Note: This method makes no guarantees about the datum. The current default datum is WGS 84, but this may change in future SIS versions if a WGS 84 replacement become in wide use.
      This default CRS is assigned to envelopes created from a geographic bounding box. Since ISO 19115 `GeographicBoundingBox` is approximative by definition, their datum can be arbitrary.
      Returns:
        the default two-dimensional geographic CRS with (longitude, latitude) axis order.

    - #### normalizedGeographic

          public GeographicCRS normalizedGeographic()

      Returns a two-dimensional geographic CRS with axes in the non-standard but computationally convenient (longitude, latitude) order. The coordinate system axes will be oriented toward East and North respectively, with units in degrees. The following table summarizes the coordinate reference systems known to this class, together with an enumeration value that can be used for fetching that CRS:

      > Commonly used geographic CRS
      > Name or alias | Enum | Code
      > --- | --- | ---
      > ED50 | `ED50` |
      > ETRS89 | `ETRS89` |
      > NAD27 | `NAD27` | CRS:27
      > NAD83 | `NAD83` | CRS:83
      > GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere | `SPHERE` |
      > WGS 72 | `WGS72` |
      > WGS 84 | `WGS84` | CRS:84

      Returns:
        the geographic CRS with non-standard (longitude, latitude) axis order.
      See Also:
        `CRS​.forCode(String)`, `DefaultGeographicCRS​.forConvention(AxesConvention)`, `AxesConvention​.NORMALIZED`

    - #### geographic

          public GeographicCRS geographic()

      Returns the two-dimensional geographic CRS with axes in the standard (latitude, longitude) order. The coordinate system axes will be oriented toward North and East respectively, with units in degrees. The following table summarizes the coordinate reference systems known to this class, together with an enumeration value that can be used for fetching that CRS:

      > Commonly used geographic CRS
      > Name or alias | Enum | EPSG
      > --- | --- | ---
      > ED50 | `ED50` | 4230
      > ETRS89 | `ETRS89` | 4258
      > NAD27 | `NAD27` | 4267
      > NAD83 | `NAD83` | 4269
      > GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere | `SPHERE` | 4047
      > WGS 72 | `WGS72` | 4322
      > WGS 84 | `WGS84` | 4326

      Returns:
        the geographic CRS with standard (latitude, longitude) axis order.
      See Also:
        `CRS​.forCode(String)`, `DefaultGeographicCRS`

    - #### geographic3D

          public GeographicCRS geographic3D()

      Returns the three-dimensional geographic CRS with axes in the standard (latitude, longitude, height) order. The following table summarizes the coordinate reference systems known to this class, together with an enumeration value that can be used for fetching that CRS:

      > Commonly used geographic CRS
      > Name or alias | Enum | EPSG
      > --- | --- | ---
      > ED50 | `ED50` |
      > ETRS89 | `ETRS89` | 4937
      > NAD27 | `NAD27` |
      > NAD83 | `NAD83` |
      > GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere | `SPHERE` |
      > WGS 72 | `WGS72` | 4985
      > WGS 84 | `WGS84` | 4979

      Returns:
        the three-dimensional geographic CRS associated to this enum.
      See Also:
        `CRS​.forCode(String)`, `DefaultGeographicCRS`

    - #### geocentric

          public GeocentricCRS geocentric()

      Returns the geocentric CRS using a Cartesian coordinate system. Axis units are metres. The following table summarizes the coordinate reference systems known to this class, together with an enumeration value that can be used for fetching that CRS:

      > Commonly used geocentric CRS
      > Name or alias | Enum | EPSG
      > --- | --- | ---
      > ED50 | `ED50` |
      > ETRS89 | `ETRS89` | 4936
      > NAD27 | `NAD27` |
      > NAD83 | `NAD83` |
      > GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere | `SPHERE` |
      > WGS 72 | `WGS72` | 4984
      > WGS 84 | `WGS84` | 4978

      Returns:
        the geocentric CRS associated to this enum.
      See Also:
        `CRS​.forCode(String)`, `DefaultGeocentricCRS`

    - #### spherical

          public GeocentricCRS spherical()

      Returns the geocentric CRS using a spherical coordinate system. Axes are:
      1. Spherical latitude in degrees oriented toward north.
      2. Spherical longitude in degrees oriented toward east.
      3. Geocentric radius in metres oriented toward up.
      Returns:
        the geocentric CRS associated to this enum.
      Since:
        0.7
      See Also:
        `DefaultGeocentricCRS`

    - #### datum

          public GeodeticDatum datum()

      Returns the geodetic datum associated to this geodetic object. The following table summarizes the datums known to this class, together with an enumeration value that can be used for fetching that datum:

      > Commonly used geodetic datums
      > Name or alias | Enum | EPSG
      > --- | --- | ---
      > European Datum 1950 | `ED50` | 6230
      > European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 | `ETRS89` | 6258
      > North American Datum 1927 | `NAD27` | 6267
      > North American Datum 1983 | `NAD83` | 6269
      > Not specified (based on GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere) | `SPHERE` | 6047
      > World Geodetic System 1972 | `WGS72` | 6322
      > World Geodetic System 1984 | `WGS84` | 6326

      Returns:
        the geodetic datum associated to this enum.
      See Also:
        `forDatum(CoordinateReferenceSystem)`, `DefaultGeodeticDatum`

    - #### ellipsoid

          public Ellipsoid ellipsoid()

      Returns the ellipsoid associated to this geodetic object. The following table summarizes the ellipsoids known to this class, together with an enumeration value that can be used for fetching that ellipsoid:

      > Commonly used ellipsoids
      > Name or alias | Enum | EPSG
      > --- | --- | ---
      > Clarke 1866 | `NAD27` | 7008
      > GRS 1980 Authalic Sphere | `SPHERE` | 7048
      > International 1924 | `ED50` | 7022
      > International 1979 / GRS 1980 | `ETRS89` | 7019
      > World Geodetic System (WGS) 1972 | `WGS72` | 7043
      > World Geodetic System (WGS) 1984 | `WGS84` | 7030

      Returns:
        the ellipsoid associated to this enum.
      See Also:
        `DefaultEllipsoid`

    - #### primeMeridian

          public PrimeMeridian primeMeridian()

      Returns the prime meridian associated to this geodetic object. The following table summarizes the prime meridians known to this class, together with an enumeration value that can be used for fetching that prime meridian:

      > Commonly used prime meridians
      > Name or alias | Enum | EPSG
      > --- | --- | ---
      > Greenwich | `WGS84` | 8901

      Returns:
        the prime meridian associated to this enum.
      See Also:
        `DefaultPrimeMeridian`

    - #### UTM

          @Deprecated
          public ProjectedCRS UTM(double latitude,
                                              double longitude)

      Deprecated. Generalized by `universal(double, double)`, which can also return a UPS projection when appropriate.
      Returns a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection for the zone containing the given point. There is a total of 120 UTM zones, with 60 zones in the North hemisphere and 60 zones in the South hemisphere.
      Parameters:
        `latitude` - a latitude in the desired UTM projection zone.
        `longitude` - a longitude in the desired UTM projection zone.
      Returns:
        a Universal Transverse Mercator projection for the zone containing the given point.
      Since:
        0.7

    - #### universal

          public ProjectedCRS universal(double latitude,
                                        double longitude)

      Returns a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) or a Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) projection for the zone containing the given point. There is a total of 120 UTM zones, with 60 zones in the North hemisphere and 60 zones in the South hemisphere. The projection zone is determined from the arguments as below:
      - If the latitude argument is less than 80°S or equal or greater than 84°N, then a Universal Polar Stereographic projection is created.
      - Otherwise a Universal Transverse Mercator projection is created as below:
        - The sign of the latitude argument determines the hemisphere: North for positive latitudes (including positive zero) or South for negative latitudes (including negative zero). The latitude magnitude is ignored, except for the special cases documented below and for ensuring that the latitude is inside the [-90 … 90]° range.
        - The value of the longitude argument determines the 6°-width zone, numbered from 1 for the zone starting at 180°W up to 60 for the zone finishing at 180°E. Longitudes outside the [-180 … 180]° range will be rolled as needed before to compute the zone.
        - Calculation of UTM zone involves two special cases (if those special cases are not desired, they can be avoided by making sure that the given latitude is below 56°N):
          - Between 56°N and 64°N, zone 32 is widened to 9° (at the expense of zone 31) to accommodate southwest Norway.
          - Between 72°N and 84°N, zones 33 and 35 are widened to 12° to accommodate Svalbard. To compensate for these 12° wide zones, zones 31 and 37 are widened to 9° and zones 32, 34, and 36 are eliminated.
      Tip: for "straight" UTM zone calculation without any special case (neither Norway, Svalbard or Universal Polar Stereographic projection), one can replace the `latitude` argument by `Math​.signum(latitude)`. For using a specific zone number, one can additionally replace the `longitude` argument by `zone * 6 - 183`.
      The map projection uses the following parameters:

      Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) and Universal Polar Stereographic (UPS) projection parameters
      Parameter name | UTM parameter value | UPS parameter value
      --- | --- | ---
      Latitude of natural origin | 0° | 90°N or 90°S depending on the sign of given latitude
      Longitude of natural origin | Central meridian of the UTM zone containing the given longitude | 0°
      Scale factor at natural origin | 0.9996 | 0.994
      False easting | 500 000 metres | 2 000 000 metres
      False northing | 0 (North hemisphere) or 10 000 000 (South hemisphere) metres | 2 000 000 metres

      The coordinate system axes are (Easting, Northing) in metres.
      Warning: be aware of parameter order! For this method, latitude is first. This order is for consistency with the non-normalized geographic CRS of all items in this `CommonCRS` enumeration.
      Parameters:
        `latitude` - a latitude in the desired UTM or UPS projection zone.
        `longitude` - a longitude in the desired UTM or UPS projection zone.
      Returns:
        a Universal Transverse Mercator or Polar Stereographic projection for the zone containing the given point.
      Since:
        0.8

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