org.apache.lucene.codecs.uniformsplit

## Class UniformSplitTermsWriter

- java.lang.Object
- - org.apache.lucene.codecs.FieldsConsumer
  - - org.apache.lucene.codecs.uniformsplit.UniformSplitTermsWriter

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Closeable, AutoCloseable
  Direct Known Subclasses:
    STUniformSplitTermsWriter

      public class UniformSplitTermsWriter
      extends FieldsConsumer

  A block-based terms index and dictionary that assigns terms to nearly uniform length blocks. This technique is called Uniform Split.

  The block construction is driven by two parameters, `targetNumBlockLines` and `deltaNumLines`. Each block size (number of terms) is `targetNumBlockLines`+-`deltaNumLines`. The algorithm computes the minimal distinguishing prefix (MDP) between each term and its previous term (alphabetically ordered). Then it selects in the neighborhood of the `targetNumBlockLines`, and within the `deltaNumLines`, the term with the minimal MDP. This term becomes the first term of the next block and its MDP is the block key. This block key is added to the terms dictionary trie.

  We call dictionary the trie structure in memory, and block file the disk file containing the block lines, with one term and its corresponding term state details per line.

  When seeking a term, the dictionary seeks the floor leaf of the trie for the searched term and jumps to the corresponding file pointer in the block file. There, the block terms are scanned for the exact searched term.

  The terms inside a block do not need to share a prefix. Only the block key is used to find the block from the dictionary trie. And the block key is selected because it is the locally smallest MDP. This makes the dictionary trie very compact.

  An interesting property of the Uniform Split technique is the very linear balance between memory usage and lookup performance. By decreasing the target block size, the block scan becomes faster, and since there are more blocks, the dictionary trie memory usage increases. Additionally, small blocks are faster to read from disk. A good sweet spot for the target block size is 32 with delta of 3 (10%) (default values). This can be tuned in the constructor.

  There are additional optimizations:

  - Each block has a header that allows the lookup to jump directly to the middle term with a fast comparison. This reduces the linear scan by 2 for a small disk size increase.
  - Each block term is incrementally encoded according to its previous term. This both reduces the disk size and speeds up the block scan.
  - All term line details (the terms states) are written after all terms. This allows faster term scan without needing to decode the term states.
  - All file pointers are base-encoded. Their value is relative to the block base file pointer (not to the previous file pointer), this allows to read the term state of any term independently.

  Blocks can be compressed or encrypted with an optional `BlockEncoder` provided in the `constructor`.

  The `block file` contains all the term blocks for each field sequentially. It also contains the fields metadata at the end of the file.

  The `dictionary file` contains the trie (`FST` bytes) for each field sequentially.

  WARNING: This API is experimental and might change in incompatible ways in the next release.

- - ### Field Summary

    Fields
    Modifier and Type | Field and Description
    --- | ---
    `protected BlockEncoder` | `blockEncoder`
    `protected IndexOutput` | `blockOutput`
    `static int` | `DEFAULT_DELTA_NUM_LINES` Default value for the maximum allowed delta variation of the block size (delta of the number of terms per block).
    `static int` | `DEFAULT_TARGET_NUM_BLOCK_LINES` Default value for the target block size (number of terms per block).
    `protected int` | `deltaNumLines`
    `protected IndexOutput` | `dictionaryOutput`
    `protected FieldInfos` | `fieldInfos`
    `protected FieldMetadata.Serializer` | `fieldMetadataWriter`
    `protected static int` | `MAX_NUM_BLOCK_LINES` Upper limit of the block size (maximum number of terms per block).
    `protected int` | `maxDoc`
    `protected PostingsWriterBase` | `postingsWriter`
    `protected int` | `targetNumBlockLines`

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Modifier | Constructor and Description
    --- | ---
    `` | `UniformSplitTermsWriter(PostingsWriterBase postingsWriter, SegmentWriteState state, BlockEncoder blockEncoder)`
    `` | `UniformSplitTermsWriter(PostingsWriterBase postingsWriter, SegmentWriteState state, int targetNumBlockLines, int deltaNumLines, BlockEncoder blockEncoder)`
    `protected` | `UniformSplitTermsWriter(PostingsWriterBase postingsWriter, SegmentWriteState state, int targetNumBlockLines, int deltaNumLines, BlockEncoder blockEncoder, FieldMetadata.Serializer fieldMetadataWriter, String codecName, int versionCurrent, String termsBlocksExtension, String dictionaryExtension)`

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `void` | `close()`
    `protected static void` | `validateSettings(int targetNumBlockLines, int deltaNumLines)` Validates the `constructor` settings.
    `void` | `write(Fields fields, NormsProducer normsProducer)`
    `protected void` | `writeDictionary(IndexDictionary.Builder dictionaryBuilder)` Writes the dictionary index (FST) to disk.
    `protected void` | `writeFieldsMetadata(int fieldsNumber, ByteBuffersDataOutput fieldsOutput)`
    `protected int` | `writeFieldTerms(BlockWriter blockWriter, DataOutput fieldsOutput, TermsEnum termsEnum, FieldInfo fieldInfo, NormsProducer normsProducer)`
    `protected BlockTermState` | `writePostingLine(TermsEnum termsEnum, FieldMetadata fieldMetadata, NormsProducer normsProducer)` Writes the posting values for the current term in the given `TermsEnum` and updates the `FieldMetadata` stats.

    - ### Methods inherited from class org.apache.lucene.codecs.FieldsConsumer

      `merge`

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Field Detail

    - #### DEFAULT_TARGET_NUM_BLOCK_LINES

          public static final int DEFAULT_TARGET_NUM_BLOCK_LINES

      Default value for the target block size (number of terms per block).
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### DEFAULT_DELTA_NUM_LINES

          public static final int DEFAULT_DELTA_NUM_LINES

      Default value for the maximum allowed delta variation of the block size (delta of the number of terms per block). The block size will be [target block size]+-[allowed delta].
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### MAX_NUM_BLOCK_LINES

          protected static final int MAX_NUM_BLOCK_LINES

      Upper limit of the block size (maximum number of terms per block).
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### fieldInfos

          protected final FieldInfos fieldInfos

    - #### postingsWriter

          protected final PostingsWriterBase postingsWriter

    - #### maxDoc

          protected final int maxDoc

    - #### targetNumBlockLines

          protected final int targetNumBlockLines

    - #### deltaNumLines

          protected final int deltaNumLines

    - #### blockEncoder

          protected final BlockEncoder blockEncoder

    - #### fieldMetadataWriter

          protected final FieldMetadata.Serializer fieldMetadataWriter

    - #### blockOutput

          protected final IndexOutput blockOutput

    - #### dictionaryOutput

          protected final IndexOutput dictionaryOutput

  - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### UniformSplitTermsWriter

          public UniformSplitTermsWriter(PostingsWriterBase postingsWriter,
                                         SegmentWriteState state,
                                         BlockEncoder blockEncoder)
                                  throws IOException

      Parameters:
        `blockEncoder` - Optional block encoder, may be null if none. It can be used for compression or encryption.
      Throws:
        `IOException`

    - #### UniformSplitTermsWriter

          public UniformSplitTermsWriter(PostingsWriterBase postingsWriter,
                                         SegmentWriteState state,
                                         int targetNumBlockLines,
                                         int deltaNumLines,
                                         BlockEncoder blockEncoder)
                                  throws IOException

      Parameters:
        `blockEncoder` - Optional block encoder, may be null if none. It can be used for compression or encryption.
      Throws:
        `IOException`

    - #### UniformSplitTermsWriter

          protected UniformSplitTermsWriter(PostingsWriterBase postingsWriter,
                                            SegmentWriteState state,
                                            int targetNumBlockLines,
                                            int deltaNumLines,
                                            BlockEncoder blockEncoder,
                                            FieldMetadata.Serializer fieldMetadataWriter,
                                            String codecName,
                                            int versionCurrent,
                                            String termsBlocksExtension,
                                            String dictionaryExtension)
                                     throws IOException

      Parameters:
        `targetNumBlockLines` - Target number of lines per block. Must be strictly greater than 0. The parameters can be pre-validated with `validateSettings(int, int)`. There is one term per block line, with its corresponding details (`TermState`).
        `deltaNumLines` - Maximum allowed delta variation of the number of lines per block. Must be greater than or equal to 0 and strictly less than `targetNumBlockLines`. The block size will be `targetNumBlockLines`+-`deltaNumLines`. The block size must always be less than or equal to `MAX_NUM_BLOCK_LINES`.
        `blockEncoder` - Optional block encoder, may be null if none. It can be used for compression or encryption.
      Throws:
        `IOException`

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### validateSettings

          protected static void validateSettings(int targetNumBlockLines,
                                                 int deltaNumLines)

      Validates the `constructor` settings.
      Parameters:
        `targetNumBlockLines` - Target number of lines per block. Must be strictly greater than 0.
        `deltaNumLines` - Maximum allowed delta variation of the number of lines per block. Must be greater than or equal to 0 and strictly less than `targetNumBlockLines`. Additionally, `targetNumBlockLines` + `deltaNumLines` must be less than or equal to `MAX_NUM_BLOCK_LINES`.

    - #### write

          public void write(Fields fields,
                            NormsProducer normsProducer)
                     throws IOException

      Specified by:
        `write` in class `FieldsConsumer`
      Throws:
        `IOException`

    - #### writeFieldsMetadata

          protected void writeFieldsMetadata(int fieldsNumber,
                                             ByteBuffersDataOutput fieldsOutput)
                                      throws IOException

      Throws:
        `IOException`

    - #### writeFieldTerms

          protected int writeFieldTerms(BlockWriter blockWriter,
                                        DataOutput fieldsOutput,
                                        TermsEnum termsEnum,
                                        FieldInfo fieldInfo,
                                        NormsProducer normsProducer)
                                 throws IOException

      Returns:
        1 if the field was written; 0 otherwise.
      Throws:
        `IOException`

    - #### writePostingLine

          protected BlockTermState writePostingLine(TermsEnum termsEnum,
                                                    FieldMetadata fieldMetadata,
                                                    NormsProducer normsProducer)
                                             throws IOException

      Writes the posting values for the current term in the given `TermsEnum` and updates the `FieldMetadata` stats.
      Returns:
        the written `BlockTermState`; or null if none.
      Throws:
        `IOException`

    - #### writeDictionary

          protected void writeDictionary(IndexDictionary.Builder dictionaryBuilder)
                                  throws IOException

      Writes the dictionary index (FST) to disk.
      Throws:
        `IOException`

    - #### close

          public void close()
                     throws IOException

      Specified by:
        `close` in interface `Closeable`
      Specified by:
        `close` in interface `AutoCloseable`
      Specified by:
        `close` in class `FieldsConsumer`
      Throws:
        `IOException`

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