org.apache.lucene.search.uhighlight

## Class UnifiedHighlighter

- java.lang.Object
- - org.apache.lucene.search.uhighlight.UnifiedHighlighter

-     public class UnifiedHighlighter
      extends Object

  A Highlighter that can get offsets from either postings (`IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS_AND_OFFSETS`), term vectors (`FieldType.setStoreTermVectorOffsets(boolean)`), or via re-analyzing text.

  This highlighter treats the single original document as the whole corpus, and then scores individual passages as if they were documents in this corpus. It uses a `BreakIterator` to find passages in the text; by default it breaks using `getSentenceInstance(Locale.ROOT)`. It then iterates in parallel (merge sorting by offset) through the positions of all terms from the query, coalescing those hits that occur in a single passage into a `Passage`, and then scores each Passage using a separate `PassageScorer`. Passages are finally formatted into highlighted snippets with a `PassageFormatter`.

  You can customize the behavior by calling some of the setters, or by subclassing and overriding some methods. Some important hooks:

  - `getBreakIterator(String)`: Customize how the text is divided into passages.
  - `getScorer(String)`: Customize how passages are ranked.
  - `getFormatter(String)`: Customize how snippets are formatted.

  This is thread-safe.

  WARNING: This API is experimental and might change in incompatible ways in the next release.

- - ### Nested Class Summary

    Nested Classes
    Modifier and Type | Class and Description
    --- | ---
    `static class` | `UnifiedHighlighter.HighlightFlag` Flags for controlling highlighting behavior.
    `protected static class` | `UnifiedHighlighter.LimitedStoredFieldVisitor` Fetches stored fields for highlighting.
    `static class` | `UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource` Source of term offsets; essential for highlighting.

  - ### Field Summary

    Fields
    Modifier and Type | Field and Description
    --- | ---
    `static int` | `DEFAULT_CACHE_CHARS_THRESHOLD`
    `static int` | `DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH`
    `protected FieldInfos` | `fieldInfos`
    `protected Analyzer` | `indexAnalyzer`
    `protected static char` | `MULTIVAL_SEP_CHAR`
    `protected IndexSearcher` | `searcher`
    `protected static CharacterRunAutomaton[]` | `ZERO_LEN_AUTOMATA_ARRAY`

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `UnifiedHighlighter(IndexSearcher indexSearcher, Analyzer indexAnalyzer)` Constructs the highlighter with the given index searcher and analyzer.

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `protected static Set<Term>` | `extractTerms(Query query)` Extracts matching terms after rewriting against an empty index
    `protected static BytesRef[]` | `filterExtractedTerms(Predicate<String> fieldMatcher, Set<Term> queryTerms)`
    `protected CharacterRunAutomaton[]` | `getAutomata(String field, Query query, Set<UnifiedHighlighter.HighlightFlag> highlightFlags)`
    `protected BreakIterator` | `getBreakIterator(String field)` Returns the `BreakIterator` to use for dividing text into passages.
    `int` | `getCacheFieldValCharsThreshold()` Limits the amount of field value pre-fetching until this threshold is passed.
    `protected FieldHighlighter` | `getFieldHighlighter(String field, Query query, Set<Term> allTerms, int maxPassages)`
    `protected FieldInfo` | `getFieldInfo(String field)` Called by the default implementation of `getOffsetSource(String)`.
    `protected Predicate<String>` | `getFieldMatcher(String field)` Returns the predicate to use for extracting the query part that must be highlighted.
    `protected Set<UnifiedHighlighter.HighlightFlag>` | `getFlags(String field)`
    `protected PassageFormatter` | `getFormatter(String field)` Returns the `PassageFormatter` to use for formatting passages into highlighted snippets.
    `protected UHComponents` | `getHighlightComponents(String field, Query query, Set<Term> allTerms)`
    `Analyzer` | `getIndexAnalyzer()` ...
    `IndexSearcher` | `getIndexSearcher()` ...
    `int` | `getMaxLength()` The maximum content size to process.
    `protected int` | `getMaxNoHighlightPassages(String field)` Returns the number of leading passages (as delineated by the `BreakIterator`) when no highlights could be found.
    `protected UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource` | `getOffsetSource(String field)` Determine the offset source for the specified field.
    `protected FieldOffsetStrategy` | `getOffsetStrategy(UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource offsetSource, UHComponents components)`
    `protected UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource` | `getOptimizedOffsetSource(UHComponents components)`
    `protected PhraseHelper` | `getPhraseHelper(String field, Query query, Set<UnifiedHighlighter.HighlightFlag> highlightFlags)`
    `protected PassageScorer` | `getScorer(String field)` Returns the `PassageScorer` to use for ranking passages.
    `protected boolean` | `hasUnrecognizedQuery(Predicate<String> fieldMatcher, Query query)`
    `String[]` | `highlight(String field, Query query, TopDocs topDocs)` Highlights the top passages from a single field.
    `String[]` | `highlight(String field, Query query, TopDocs topDocs, int maxPassages)` Highlights the top-N passages from a single field.
    `Map<String,String[]>` | `highlightFields(String[] fieldsIn, Query query, int[] docidsIn, int[] maxPassagesIn)` Highlights the top-N passages from multiple fields, for the provided int[] docids.
    `Map<String,String[]>` | `highlightFields(String[] fields, Query query, TopDocs topDocs)` Highlights the top passages from multiple fields.
    `Map<String,String[]>` | `highlightFields(String[] fields, Query query, TopDocs topDocs, int[] maxPassages)` Highlights the top-N passages from multiple fields.
    `protected Map<String,Object[]>` | `highlightFieldsAsObjects(String[] fieldsIn, Query query, int[] docIdsIn, int[] maxPassagesIn)` Expert: highlights the top-N passages from multiple fields, for the provided int[] docids, to custom Object as returned by the `PassageFormatter`.
    `Object` | `highlightWithoutSearcher(String field, Query query, String content, int maxPassages)` Highlights text passed as a parameter.
    `protected List<CharSequence[]>` | `loadFieldValues(String[] fields, DocIdSetIterator docIter, int cacheCharsThreshold)` Loads the String values for each docId by field to be highlighted.
    `protected UnifiedHighlighter.LimitedStoredFieldVisitor` | `newLimitedStoredFieldsVisitor(String[] fields)`
    `protected Collection<Query>` | `preSpanQueryRewrite(Query query)` When highlighting phrases accurately, we may need to handle custom queries that aren't supported in the `WeightedSpanTermExtractor` as called by the `PhraseHelper`.
    `protected Boolean` | `requiresRewrite(SpanQuery spanQuery)` When highlighting phrases accurately, we need to know which `SpanQuery`'s need to have `Query.rewrite(IndexReader)` called on them.
    `void` | `setBreakIterator(Supplier<BreakIterator> breakIterator)`
    `void` | `setCacheFieldValCharsThreshold(int cacheFieldValCharsThreshold)`
    `void` | `setFieldMatcher(Predicate<String> predicate)`
    `void` | `setFormatter(PassageFormatter formatter)`
    `void` | `setHandleMultiTermQuery(boolean handleMtq)`
    `void` | `setHighlightPhrasesStrictly(boolean highlightPhrasesStrictly)`
    `void` | `setMaxLength(int maxLength)`
    `void` | `setMaxNoHighlightPassages(int defaultMaxNoHighlightPassages)`
    `void` | `setScorer(PassageScorer scorer)`
    `protected boolean` | `shouldHandleMultiTermQuery(String field)` Returns whether `MultiTermQuery` derivatives will be highlighted.
    `protected boolean` | `shouldHighlightPhrasesStrictly(String field)` Returns whether position sensitive queries (e.g.
    `protected boolean` | `shouldPreferPassageRelevancyOverSpeed(String field)`

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Field Detail

    - #### MULTIVAL_SEP_CHAR

          protected static final char MULTIVAL_SEP_CHAR

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH

          public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_LENGTH

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### DEFAULT_CACHE_CHARS_THRESHOLD

          public static final int DEFAULT_CACHE_CHARS_THRESHOLD

      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### ZERO_LEN_AUTOMATA_ARRAY

          protected static final CharacterRunAutomaton[] ZERO_LEN_AUTOMATA_ARRAY

    - #### searcher

          protected final IndexSearcher searcher

    - #### indexAnalyzer

          protected final Analyzer indexAnalyzer

    - #### fieldInfos

          protected volatile FieldInfos fieldInfos

  - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### UnifiedHighlighter

          public UnifiedHighlighter(IndexSearcher indexSearcher,
                                    Analyzer indexAnalyzer)

      Constructs the highlighter with the given index searcher and analyzer.
      Parameters:
        `indexSearcher` - Usually required, unless `highlightWithoutSearcher(String, Query, String, int)` is used, in which case this needs to be null.
        `indexAnalyzer` - Required, even if in some circumstances it isn't used.

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### extractTerms

          protected static Set<Term> extractTerms(Query query)
                                           throws IOException

      Extracts matching terms after rewriting against an empty index
      Throws:
        `IOException`

    - #### setHandleMultiTermQuery

          public void setHandleMultiTermQuery(boolean handleMtq)

    - #### setHighlightPhrasesStrictly

          public void setHighlightPhrasesStrictly(boolean highlightPhrasesStrictly)

    - #### setMaxLength

          public void setMaxLength(int maxLength)

    - #### setBreakIterator

          public void setBreakIterator(Supplier<BreakIterator> breakIterator)

    - #### setScorer

          public void setScorer(PassageScorer scorer)

    - #### setFormatter

          public void setFormatter(PassageFormatter formatter)

    - #### setMaxNoHighlightPassages

          public void setMaxNoHighlightPassages(int defaultMaxNoHighlightPassages)

    - #### setCacheFieldValCharsThreshold

          public void setCacheFieldValCharsThreshold(int cacheFieldValCharsThreshold)

    - #### setFieldMatcher

          public void setFieldMatcher(Predicate<String> predicate)

    - #### shouldHandleMultiTermQuery

          protected boolean shouldHandleMultiTermQuery(String field)

      Returns whether `MultiTermQuery` derivatives will be highlighted. By default it's enabled. MTQ highlighting can be expensive, particularly when using offsets in postings.

    - #### shouldHighlightPhrasesStrictly

          protected boolean shouldHighlightPhrasesStrictly(String field)

      Returns whether position sensitive queries (e.g. phrases and `SpanQuery`ies) should be highlighted strictly based on query matches (slower) versus any/all occurrences of the underlying terms. By default it's enabled, but there's no overhead if such queries aren't used.

    - #### shouldPreferPassageRelevancyOverSpeed

          protected boolean shouldPreferPassageRelevancyOverSpeed(String field)

    - #### getFieldMatcher

          protected Predicate<String> getFieldMatcher(String field)

      Returns the predicate to use for extracting the query part that must be highlighted. By default only queries that target the current field are kept. (AKA requireFieldMatch)

    - #### getMaxLength

          public int getMaxLength()

      The maximum content size to process. Content will be truncated to this size before highlighting. Typically snippets closer to the beginning of the document better summarize its content.

    - #### getBreakIterator

          protected BreakIterator getBreakIterator(String field)

      Returns the `BreakIterator` to use for dividing text into passages. This returns `BreakIterator.getSentenceInstance(Locale)` by default; subclasses can override to customize.

      Note: this highlighter will call `BreakIterator.preceding(int)` and `BreakIterator.next()` many times on it. The default generic JDK implementation of `preceding` performs poorly.

    - #### getScorer

          protected PassageScorer getScorer(String field)

      Returns the `PassageScorer` to use for ranking passages. This returns a new `PassageScorer` by default; subclasses can override to customize.

    - #### getFormatter

          protected PassageFormatter getFormatter(String field)

      Returns the `PassageFormatter` to use for formatting passages into highlighted snippets. This returns a new `PassageFormatter` by default; subclasses can override to customize.

    - #### getMaxNoHighlightPassages

          protected int getMaxNoHighlightPassages(String field)

      Returns the number of leading passages (as delineated by the `BreakIterator`) when no highlights could be found. If it's less than 0 (the default) then this defaults to the `maxPassages` parameter given for each request. If this is 0 then the resulting highlight is null (not formatted).

    - #### getCacheFieldValCharsThreshold

          public int getCacheFieldValCharsThreshold()

      Limits the amount of field value pre-fetching until this threshold is passed. The highlighter internally highlights in batches of documents sized on the sum field value length (in chars) of the fields to be highlighted (bounded by `getMaxLength()` for each field). By setting this to 0, you can force documents to be fetched and highlighted one at a time, which you usually shouldn't do. The default is 524288 chars which translates to about a megabyte. However, note that the highlighter sometimes ignores this and highlights one document at a time (without caching a bunch of documents in advance) when it can detect there's no point in it -- such as when all fields will be highlighted via re-analysis as one example.

    - #### getIndexSearcher

          public IndexSearcher getIndexSearcher()

      ... as passed in from constructor.

    - #### getIndexAnalyzer

          public Analyzer getIndexAnalyzer()

      ... as passed in from constructor.

    - #### getOffsetSource

          protected UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource getOffsetSource(String field)

      Determine the offset source for the specified field. The default algorithm is as follows:
      1. This calls `getFieldInfo(String)`. Note this returns null if there is no searcher or if the field isn't found there.
      2. If there's a field info it has `IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS_AND_OFFSETS` then `UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource.POSTINGS` is returned.
      3. If there's a field info and `FieldInfo.hasVectors()` then `UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource.TERM_VECTORS` is returned (note we can't check here if the TV has offsets; if there isn't then an exception will get thrown down the line).
      4. Fall-back: `UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource.ANALYSIS` is returned.

      Note that the highlighter sometimes switches to something else based on the query, such as if you have `UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource.POSTINGS_WITH_TERM_VECTORS` but in fact don't need term vectors.

    - #### getFieldInfo

          protected FieldInfo getFieldInfo(String field)

      Called by the default implementation of `getOffsetSource(String)`. If there is no searcher then we simply always return null.

    - #### highlight

          public String[] highlight(String field,
                                    Query query,
                                    TopDocs topDocs)
                             throws IOException

      Highlights the top passages from a single field.
      Parameters:
        `field` - field name to highlight. Must have a stored string value and also be indexed with offsets.
        `query` - query to highlight.
        `topDocs` - TopDocs containing the summary result documents to highlight.
      Returns:
        Array of formatted snippets corresponding to the documents in `topDocs`. If no highlights were found for a document, the first sentence for the field will be returned.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurred during processing
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if `field` was indexed without `IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS_AND_OFFSETS`

    - #### highlight

          public String[] highlight(String field,
                                    Query query,
                                    TopDocs topDocs,
                                    int maxPassages)
                             throws IOException

      Highlights the top-N passages from a single field.
      Parameters:
        `field` - field name to highlight. Must have a stored string value.
        `query` - query to highlight.
        `topDocs` - TopDocs containing the summary result documents to highlight.
        `maxPassages` - The maximum number of top-N ranked passages used to form the highlighted snippets.
      Returns:
        Array of formatted snippets corresponding to the documents in `topDocs`. If no highlights were found for a document, the first `maxPassages` sentences from the field will be returned.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurred during processing
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if `field` was indexed without `IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS_AND_OFFSETS`

    - #### highlightFields

          public Map<String,String[]> highlightFields(String[] fields,
                                                      Query query,
                                                      TopDocs topDocs)
                                               throws IOException

      Highlights the top passages from multiple fields.

      Conceptually, this behaves as a more efficient form of:

           Map m = new HashMap();
           for (String field : fields) {
           m.put(field, highlight(field, query, topDocs));
           }
           return m;

      Parameters:
        `fields` - field names to highlight. Must have a stored string value.
        `query` - query to highlight.
        `topDocs` - TopDocs containing the summary result documents to highlight.
      Returns:
        Map keyed on field name, containing the array of formatted snippets corresponding to the documents in `topDocs`. If no highlights were found for a document, the first sentence from the field will be returned.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurred during processing
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if `field` was indexed without `IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS_AND_OFFSETS`

    - #### highlightFields

          public Map<String,String[]> highlightFields(String[] fields,
                                                      Query query,
                                                      TopDocs topDocs,
                                                      int[] maxPassages)
                                               throws IOException

      Highlights the top-N passages from multiple fields.

      Conceptually, this behaves as a more efficient form of:

           Map m = new HashMap();
           for (String field : fields) {
           m.put(field, highlight(field, query, topDocs, maxPassages));
           }
           return m;

      Parameters:
        `fields` - field names to highlight. Must have a stored string value.
        `query` - query to highlight.
        `topDocs` - TopDocs containing the summary result documents to highlight.
        `maxPassages` - The maximum number of top-N ranked passages per-field used to form the highlighted snippets.
      Returns:
        Map keyed on field name, containing the array of formatted snippets corresponding to the documents in `topDocs`. If no highlights were found for a document, the first `maxPassages` sentences from the field will be returned.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurred during processing
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if `field` was indexed without `IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS_AND_OFFSETS`

    - #### highlightFields

          public Map<String,String[]> highlightFields(String[] fieldsIn,
                                                      Query query,
                                                      int[] docidsIn,
                                                      int[] maxPassagesIn)
                                               throws IOException

      Highlights the top-N passages from multiple fields, for the provided int[] docids.
      Parameters:
        `fieldsIn` - field names to highlight. Must have a stored string value.
        `query` - query to highlight.
        `docidsIn` - containing the document IDs to highlight.
        `maxPassagesIn` - The maximum number of top-N ranked passages per-field used to form the highlighted snippets.
      Returns:
        Map keyed on field name, containing the array of formatted snippets corresponding to the documents in `docidsIn`. If no highlights were found for a document, the first `maxPassages` from the field will be returned.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurred during processing
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if `field` was indexed without `IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS_AND_OFFSETS`

    - #### highlightFieldsAsObjects

          protected Map<String,Object[]> highlightFieldsAsObjects(String[] fieldsIn,
                                                                  Query query,
                                                                  int[] docIdsIn,
                                                                  int[] maxPassagesIn)
                                                           throws IOException

      Expert: highlights the top-N passages from multiple fields, for the provided int[] docids, to custom Object as returned by the `PassageFormatter`. Use this API to render to something other than String.
      Parameters:
        `fieldsIn` - field names to highlight. Must have a stored string value.
        `query` - query to highlight.
        `docIdsIn` - containing the document IDs to highlight.
        `maxPassagesIn` - The maximum number of top-N ranked passages per-field used to form the highlighted snippets.
      Returns:
        Map keyed on field name, containing the array of formatted snippets corresponding to the documents in `docIdsIn`. If no highlights were found for a document, the first `maxPassages` from the field will be returned.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurred during processing
        `IllegalArgumentException` - if `field` was indexed without `IndexOptions.DOCS_AND_FREQS_AND_POSITIONS_AND_OFFSETS`

    - #### highlightWithoutSearcher

          public Object highlightWithoutSearcher(String field,
                                                 Query query,
                                                 String content,
                                                 int maxPassages)
                                          throws IOException

      Highlights text passed as a parameter. This requires the `IndexSearcher` provided to this highlighter is null. This use-case is more rare. Naturally, the mode of operation will be `UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource.ANALYSIS`. The result of this method is whatever the `PassageFormatter` returns. For the `DefaultPassageFormatter` and assuming `content` has non-zero length, the result will be a non-null string -- so it's safe to call `Object.toString()` on it in that case.
      Parameters:
        `field` - field name to highlight (as found in the query).
        `query` - query to highlight.
        `content` - text to highlight.
        `maxPassages` - The maximum number of top-N ranked passages used to form the highlighted snippets.
      Returns:
        result of the `PassageFormatter` -- probably a String. Might be null.
      Throws:
        `IOException` - if an I/O error occurred during processing

    - #### getFieldHighlighter

          protected FieldHighlighter getFieldHighlighter(String field,
                                                         Query query,
                                                         Set<Term> allTerms,
                                                         int maxPassages)

    - #### getHighlightComponents

          protected UHComponents getHighlightComponents(String field,
                                                        Query query,
                                                        Set<Term> allTerms)

    - #### hasUnrecognizedQuery

          protected boolean hasUnrecognizedQuery(Predicate<String> fieldMatcher,
                                                 Query query)

    - #### filterExtractedTerms

          protected static BytesRef[] filterExtractedTerms(Predicate<String> fieldMatcher,
                                                           Set<Term> queryTerms)

    - #### getFlags

          protected Set<UnifiedHighlighter.HighlightFlag> getFlags(String field)

    - #### getPhraseHelper

          protected PhraseHelper getPhraseHelper(String field,
                                                 Query query,
                                                 Set<UnifiedHighlighter.HighlightFlag> highlightFlags)

    - #### getAutomata

          protected CharacterRunAutomaton[] getAutomata(String field,
                                                        Query query,
                                                        Set<UnifiedHighlighter.HighlightFlag> highlightFlags)

    - #### getOptimizedOffsetSource

          protected UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource getOptimizedOffsetSource(UHComponents components)

    - #### getOffsetStrategy

          protected FieldOffsetStrategy getOffsetStrategy(UnifiedHighlighter.OffsetSource offsetSource,
                                                          UHComponents components)

    - #### requiresRewrite

          protected Boolean requiresRewrite(SpanQuery spanQuery)

      When highlighting phrases accurately, we need to know which `SpanQuery`'s need to have `Query.rewrite(IndexReader)` called on them. It helps performance to avoid it if it's not needed. This method will be invoked on all SpanQuery instances recursively. If you have custom SpanQuery queries then override this to check instanceof and provide a definitive answer. If the query isn't your custom one, simply return null to have the default rules apply, which govern the ones included in Lucene.

    - #### preSpanQueryRewrite

          protected Collection<Query> preSpanQueryRewrite(Query query)

      When highlighting phrases accurately, we may need to handle custom queries that aren't supported in the `WeightedSpanTermExtractor` as called by the `PhraseHelper`. Should custom query types be needed, this method should be overriden to return a collection of queries if appropriate, or null if nothing to do. If the query is not custom, simply returning null will allow the default rules to apply.
      Parameters:
        `query` - Query to be highlighted
      Returns:
        A Collection of Query object(s) if needs to be rewritten, otherwise null.

    - #### loadFieldValues

          protected List<CharSequence[]> loadFieldValues(String[] fields,
                                                         DocIdSetIterator docIter,
                                                         int cacheCharsThreshold)
                                                  throws IOException

      Loads the String values for each docId by field to be highlighted. By default this loads from stored fields by the same name as given, but a subclass can change the source. The returned Strings must be identical to what was indexed (at least for postings or term-vectors offset sources). This method must load fields for at least one document from the given `DocIdSetIterator` but need not return all of them; by default the character lengths are summed and this method will return early when `cacheCharsThreshold` is exceeded. Specifically if that number is 0, then only one document is fetched no matter what. Values in the array of `CharSequence` will be null if no value was found.
      Throws:
        `IOException`

    - #### newLimitedStoredFieldsVisitor

          protected UnifiedHighlighter.LimitedStoredFieldVisitor newLimitedStoredFieldsVisitor(String[] fields)

      NOTE: This API is for internal purposes only and might change in incompatible ways in the next release.

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