/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.jackrabbit.core.data;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.security.DigestOutputStream;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * Simple file-based data store. Data records are stored as normal files
 * named using a message digest of the contained binary stream.
 *
 * Configuration:
 * <pre>
 * &lt;DataStore class="org.apache.jackrabbit.core.data.FileDataStore"&gt;
 *     &lt;param name="{@link #setPath(String) path}" value="/data/datastore"/&gt;
 *     &lt;param name="{@link #setMinRecordLength(int) minRecordLength}" value="1024"/&gt;
 * &lt;/DataStore&gt;
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * If the directory is not set, the directory &lt;repository home&gt;/repository/datastore is used.
 * <p>
 * A three level directory structure is used to avoid placing too many
 * files in a single directory. The chosen structure is designed to scale
 * up to billions of distinct records.
 * <p>
 * This implementation relies on the underlying file system to support
 * atomic O(1) move operations with {@link File#renameTo(File)}.
 */
public class FileDataStore extends AbstractDataStore
        implements MultiDataStoreAware {

    /**
     * Logger instance
     */
    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FileDataStore.class);

    /**
     * The default value for the minimum object size.
     */
    private static final int DEFAULT_MIN_RECORD_LENGTH = 100;

    /**
     * The maximum last modified time resolution of the file system.
     */
    private static final int ACCESS_TIME_RESOLUTION = 2000;

    /**
     * Name of the directory used for temporary files.
     * Must be at least 3 characters.
     */
    private static final String TMP = "tmp";

    /**
     * The minimum modified date. If a file is accessed (read or write) with a modified date
     * older than this value, the modified date is updated to the current time.
     */
    private volatile long minModifiedDate;

    /**
     * The directory that contains all the data record files. The structure
     * of content within this directory is controlled by this class.
     */
    private File directory;

    /**
     * The name of the directory that contains all the data record files. The structure
     * of content within this directory is controlled by this class.
     */
    private String path;

    /**
     * The minimum size of an object that should be stored in this data store.
     */
    private int minRecordLength = DEFAULT_MIN_RECORD_LENGTH;

    /**
     * All data identifiers that are currently in use are in this set until they are garbage collected.
     */
    protected Map<DataIdentifier, WeakReference<DataIdentifier>> inUse =
        Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<DataIdentifier, WeakReference<DataIdentifier>>());

    /**
     * Initialized the data store.
     * If the path is not set, &lt;repository home&gt;/repository/datastore is used.
     * This directory is automatically created if it does not yet exist.
     *
     * @param homeDir
     */
    public void init(String homeDir) {
        if (path == null) {
            path = homeDir + "/repository/datastore";
        }
        directory = new File(path);
        directory.mkdirs();
    }

    /**
     * Get a data record for the given identifier.
     *
     * @param identifier the identifier
     * @return the data record or null
     */
    public DataRecord getRecordIfStored(DataIdentifier identifier) throws DataStoreException {
        File file = getFile(identifier);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            return null;
        }
        if (minModifiedDate != 0) {
            // only check when running garbage collection
            synchronized (this) {
                if (getLastModified(file) < minModifiedDate) {
                    setLastModified(file, System.currentTimeMillis() + ACCESS_TIME_RESOLUTION);
                }
            }
        }
        usesIdentifier(identifier);
        return new FileDataRecord(this, identifier, file);
    }

    private void usesIdentifier(DataIdentifier identifier) {
        inUse.put(identifier, new WeakReference<DataIdentifier>(identifier));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new data record.
     * The stream is first consumed and the contents are saved in a temporary file
     * and the {@link #DIGEST} message digest of the stream is calculated. If a
     * record with the same {@link #DIGEST} digest (and length) is found then it is
     * returned. Otherwise the temporary file is moved in place to become
     * the new data record that gets returned.
     *
     * @param input binary stream
     * @return data record that contains the given stream
     * @throws DataStoreException if the record could not be created
     */
    public DataRecord addRecord(InputStream input) throws DataStoreException {
        File temporary = null;
        try {
            temporary = newTemporaryFile();
            DataIdentifier tempId = new DataIdentifier(temporary.getName());
            usesIdentifier(tempId);
            // Copy the stream to the temporary file and calculate the
            // stream length and the message digest of the stream
            long length = 0;
            MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(DIGEST);
            OutputStream output = new DigestOutputStream(
                    new FileOutputStream(temporary), digest);
            try {
                length = IOUtils.copyLarge(input, output);
            } finally {
                output.close();
            }
            DataIdentifier identifier =
                    new DataIdentifier(encodeHexString(digest.digest()));
            File file;

            synchronized (this) {
                // Check if the same record already exists, or
                // move the temporary file in place if needed
                usesIdentifier(identifier);
                file = getFile(identifier);
                if (!file.exists()) {
                    File parent = file.getParentFile();
                    parent.mkdirs();
                    if (temporary.renameTo(file)) {
                        // no longer need to delete the temporary file
                        temporary = null;
                    } else {
                        throw new IOException(
                                "Can not rename " + temporary.getAbsolutePath()
                                + " to " + file.getAbsolutePath()
                                + " (media read only?)");
                    }
                } else {
                    long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    if (getLastModified(file) < now + ACCESS_TIME_RESOLUTION) {
                        setLastModified(file, now + ACCESS_TIME_RESOLUTION);
                    }
                }
                if (file.length() != length) {
                    // Sanity checks on the record file. These should never fail,
                    // but better safe than sorry...
                    if (!file.isFile()) {
                        throw new IOException("Not a file: " + file);
                    }
                    throw new IOException(DIGEST + " collision: " + file);
                }
            }
            // this will also make sure that
            // tempId is not garbage collected until here
            inUse.remove(tempId);
            return new FileDataRecord(this, identifier, file);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            throw new DataStoreException(DIGEST + " not available", e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new DataStoreException("Could not add record", e);
        } finally {
            if (temporary != null) {
                temporary.delete();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the identified file. This method implements the pattern
     * used to avoid problems with too many files in a single directory.
     * <p>
     * No sanity checks are performed on the given identifier.
     *
     * @param identifier data identifier
     * @return identified file
     */
    private File getFile(DataIdentifier identifier) {
        usesIdentifier(identifier);
        String string = identifier.toString();
        File file = directory;
        file = new File(file, string.substring(0, 2));
        file = new File(file, string.substring(2, 4));
        file = new File(file, string.substring(4, 6));
        return new File(file, string);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a unique temporary file to be used for creating a new
     * data record.
     *
     * @return temporary file
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private File newTemporaryFile() throws IOException {
        // the directory is already created in the init method
        return File.createTempFile(TMP, null, directory);
    }

    public void updateModifiedDateOnAccess(long before) {
        minModifiedDate = before;
    }

    public void deleteRecord(DataIdentifier identifier)
			throws DataStoreException {
        File file = getFile(identifier);
        synchronized (this) {
            if (file.exists()) {
                if (file.delete()) {
                    deleteEmptyParentDirs(file);
                } else {
                    log.warn("Failed to delete file " + file.getAbsolutePath());
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void deleteEmptyParentDirs(File file) {
        File parent = file.getParentFile();
        try {
            // Only iterate & delete if parent directory of the blob file is child
            // of the base directory and if it is empty
            while (FileUtils.directoryContains(directory, parent)) {
                String[] entries = parent.list();
                if (entries == null) {
                    log.warn("Failed to list directory {}", parent.getAbsolutePath());
                    break;
                }
                if (entries.length > 0) {
                    break;
                }
                boolean deleted = parent.delete();
                log.debug("Deleted parent [{}] of file [{}]: {}",
                        new Object[]{parent, file.getAbsolutePath(), deleted});
                parent = parent.getParentFile();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.warn("Error in parents deletion for " + file.getAbsoluteFile(), e);
        }
    }

    public int deleteAllOlderThan(long min) {
        int count = 0;
        for (File file : directory.listFiles()) {
            if (file.isDirectory()) { // skip top-level files
                count += deleteOlderRecursive(file, min);
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

    private int deleteOlderRecursive(File file, long min) {
        int count = 0;
        if (file.isFile() && file.exists() && file.canWrite()) {
            synchronized (this) {
                long lastModified;
                try {
                    lastModified = getLastModified(file);
                } catch (DataStoreException e) {
                    log.warn("Failed to read modification date; file not deleted", e);
                    // don't delete the file, since the lastModified date is uncertain
                    lastModified = min;
                }
                if (lastModified < min) {
                    DataIdentifier id = new DataIdentifier(file.getName());
                    if (!inUse.containsKey(id)) {
                        if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
                            log.info("Deleting old file " + file.getAbsolutePath() +
                                    " modified: " + new Timestamp(lastModified).toString() +
                                    " length: " + file.length());
                        }
                        if (!file.delete()) {
                            log.warn("Failed to delete old file " + file.getAbsolutePath());
                        }
                        count++;
                    }
                }
            }
        } else if (file.isDirectory()) {
            File[] list = file.listFiles();
            if (list != null) {
                for (File f: list) {
                    count += deleteOlderRecursive(f, min);
                }
            }

            // JCR-1396: FileDataStore Garbage Collector and empty directories
            // Automatic removal of empty directories (but not the root!)
            synchronized (this) {
                list = file.listFiles();
                if (list != null && list.length == 0) {
                    file.delete();
                }
            }
        }
        return count;
    }

    private void listRecursive(List<File> list, File file) {
        File[] files = file.listFiles();
        if (files != null) {
            for (File f : files) {
                if (f.isDirectory()) {
                    listRecursive(list, f);
                } else {
                    list.add(f);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public Iterator<DataIdentifier> getAllIdentifiers() {
        ArrayList<File> files = new ArrayList<File>();
        for (File file : directory.listFiles()) {
            if (file.isDirectory()) { // skip top-level files
                listRecursive(files, file);
            }
        }

        ArrayList<DataIdentifier> identifiers = new ArrayList<DataIdentifier>();
        for (File f: files) {
            String name = f.getName();
            identifiers.add(new DataIdentifier(name));
        }
        log.debug("Found " + identifiers.size() + " identifiers.");
        return identifiers.iterator();
    }

    public void clearInUse() {
        inUse.clear();
    }

    /**
     * Get the name of the directory where this data store keeps the files.
     *
     * @return the full path name
     */
    public String getPath() {
        return path;
    }

    /**
     * Set the name of the directory where this data store keeps the files.
     *
     * @param directoryName the path name
     */
    public void setPath(String directoryName) {
        this.path = directoryName;
    }

    public int getMinRecordLength() {
        return minRecordLength;
    }

    /**
     * Set the minimum object length.
     *
     * @param minRecordLength the length
     */
    public void setMinRecordLength(int minRecordLength) {
        this.minRecordLength = minRecordLength;
    }

    public void close() {
        // nothing to do
    }

    //---------------------------------------------------------< protected >--

    @Override
    protected byte[] getOrCreateReferenceKey() throws DataStoreException {
        File file = new File(directory, "reference.key");
        try {
            if (file.exists()) {
                return FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file);
            } else {
                byte[] key = super.getOrCreateReferenceKey();
                FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(file, key);
                return key;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new DataStoreException(
                    "Unable to access reference key file " + file.getPath(), e);
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------< private >--

    /**
     * Get the last modified date of a file.
     *
     * @param file the file
     * @return the last modified date
     * @throws DataStoreException if reading fails
     */
    private static long getLastModified(File file) throws DataStoreException {
        long lastModified = file.lastModified();
        if (lastModified == 0) {
            throw new DataStoreException("Failed to read record modified date: " + file.getAbsolutePath());
        }
        return lastModified;
    }

    /**
     * Set the last modified date of a file, if the file is writable.
     *
     * @param file the file
     * @param time the new last modified date
     * @throws DataStoreException if the file is writable but modifying the date fails
     */
    private static void setLastModified(File file, long time) throws DataStoreException {
        if (!file.setLastModified(time)) {
            if (!file.canWrite()) {
                // if we can't write to the file, so garbage collection will also not delete it
                // (read only files or file systems)
                return;
            }
            try {
                // workaround for Windows: if the file is already open for reading
                // (in this or another process), then setting the last modified date
                // doesn't work - see also JCR-2872
                RandomAccessFile r = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
                try {
                    r.setLength(r.length());
                } finally {
                    r.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new DataStoreException("An IO Exception occurred while trying to set the last modified date: " + file.getAbsolutePath(), e);
            }
        }
    }
}
