Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4

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# Apache Module mod_authz_dbd

Description: | Group Authorization and Login using SQL
Status: | Extension
Module Identifier: | authz_dbd_module
Source File: | mod_authz_dbd.c
Compatibility: | Available in Apache 2.4 and later

### Summary

This module provides authorization capabilities so that authenticated users can be allowed or denied access to portions of the web site by group membership. Similar functionality is provided by `mod_authz_groupfile` and `mod_authz_dbm`, with the exception that this module queries a SQL database to determine whether a user is a member of a group.

This module can also provide database-backed user login/logout capabilities. These are likely to be of most value when used in conjunction with `mod_authn_dbd`.

This module relies on `mod_dbd` to specify the backend database driver and connection parameters, and manage the database connections.

### Topics

- The Require Directives
- Database Login
- Client Login integration
- Configuration example

### Directives

### Bugfix checklist

- httpd changelog
- Known issues
- Report a bug

### See also

- `Require`
- `AuthDBDUserPWQuery`
- `DBDriver`
- `DBDParams`

## The Require Directives

Apache's `Require` directives are used during the authorization phase to ensure that a user is allowed to access a resource. mod_authz_dbd extends the authorization types with `dbd-group`, `dbd-login` and `dbd-logout`.

Since v2.4.8, expressions are supported within the DBD require directives.

### Require dbd-group

This directive specifies group membership that is required for the user to gain access.

    Require dbd-group team
    AuthzDBDQuery "SELECT group FROM authz WHERE user = %s"

### Require dbd-login

This directive specifies a query to be run indicating the user has logged in.

    Require dbd-login
    AuthzDBDQuery "UPDATE authn SET login = 'true' WHERE user = %s"

### Require dbd-logout

This directive specifies a query to be run indicating the user has logged out.

    Require dbd-logout
    AuthzDBDQuery "UPDATE authn SET login = 'false' WHERE user = %s"

## Database Login

In addition to the standard authorization function of checking group membership, this module can also provide server-side user session management via database-backed login/logout capabilities. Specifically, it can update a user's session status in the database whenever the user visits designated URLs (subject of course to users supplying the necessary credentials).

This works by defining two special `Require` types: `Require dbd-login` and `Require dbd-logout`. For usage details, see the configuration example below.

## Client Login integration

Some administrators may wish to implement client-side session management that works in concert with the server-side login/logout capabilities offered by this module, for example, by setting or unsetting an HTTP cookie or other such token when a user logs in or out.

To support such integration, `mod_authz_dbd` exports an optional hook that will be run whenever a user's status is updated in the database. Other session management modules can then use the hook to implement functions that start and end client-side sessions.

## Configuration example

    # mod_dbd configuration
    DBDriver pgsql
    DBDParams "dbname=apacheauth user=apache pass=xxxxxx"

    DBDMin  4
    DBDKeep 8
    DBDMax  20
    DBDExptime 300

    <Directory "/usr/www/my.site/team-private/">
      # mod_authn_core and mod_auth_basic configuration
      # for mod_authn_dbd
      AuthType Basic
      AuthName Team
      AuthBasicProvider dbd

      # mod_authn_dbd SQL query to authenticate a logged-in user
      AuthDBDUserPWQuery \
        "SELECT password FROM authn WHERE user = %s AND login = 'true'"

      # mod_authz_core configuration for mod_authz_dbd
      Require dbd-group team

      # mod_authz_dbd configuration
      AuthzDBDQuery "SELECT group FROM authz WHERE user = %s"

      # when a user fails to be authenticated or authorized,
      # invite them to login; this page should provide a link
      # to /team-private/login.html
      ErrorDocument 401 "/login-info.html"

      <Files "login.html">
        # don't require user to already be logged in!
        AuthDBDUserPWQuery "SELECT password FROM authn WHERE user = %s"

        # dbd-login action executes a statement to log user in
        Require dbd-login
        AuthzDBDQuery "UPDATE authn SET login = 'true' WHERE user = %s"

        # return user to referring page (if any) after
        # successful login
        AuthzDBDLoginToReferer On
      </Files>

      <Files "logout.html">
        # dbd-logout action executes a statement to log user out
        Require dbd-logout
        AuthzDBDQuery "UPDATE authn SET login = 'false' WHERE user = %s"
      </Files>
    </Directory>

## AuthzDBDLoginToReferer Directive

Description: | Determines whether to redirect the Client to the Referring page on successful login or logout if a `Referer` request header is present
Syntax: | `AuthzDBDLoginToReferer On|Off`
Default: | `AuthzDBDLoginToReferer Off`
Context: | directory
Status: | Extension
Module: | mod_authz_dbd

In conjunction with `Require dbd-login` or `Require dbd-logout`, this provides the option to redirect the client back to the Referring page (the URL in the `Referer` HTTP request header, if present). When there is no `Referer` header, `AuthzDBDLoginToReferer On` will be ignored.

## AuthzDBDQuery Directive

Description: | Specify the SQL Query for the required operation
Syntax: | `AuthzDBDQuery query`
Context: | directory
Status: | Extension
Module: | mod_authz_dbd

The `AuthzDBDQuery` specifies an SQL query to run. The purpose of the query depends on the `Require` directive in effect.

- When used with a `Require dbd-group` directive, it specifies a query to look up groups for the current user. This is the standard functionality of other authorization modules such as `mod_authz_groupfile` and `mod_authz_dbm`. The first column value of each row returned by the query statement should be a string containing a group name. Zero, one, or more rows may be returned.

      Require dbd-group
      AuthzDBDQuery "SELECT group FROM groups WHERE user = %s"

- When used with a `Require dbd-login` or `Require dbd-logout` directive, it will never deny access, but will instead execute a SQL statement designed to log the user in or out. The user must already be authenticated with `mod_authn_dbd`.

      Require dbd-login
      AuthzDBDQuery "UPDATE authn SET login = 'true' WHERE user = %s"

In all cases, the user's ID will be passed as a single string parameter when the SQL query is executed. It may be referenced within the query statement using a `%s` format specifier.

## AuthzDBDRedirectQuery Directive

Description: | Specify a query to look up a login page for the user
Syntax: | `AuthzDBDRedirectQuery query`
Context: | directory
Status: | Extension
Module: | mod_authz_dbd

Specifies an optional SQL query to use after successful login (or logout) to redirect the user to a URL, which may be specific to the user. The user's ID will be passed as a single string parameter when the SQL query is executed. It may be referenced within the query statement using a `%s` format specifier.

    AuthzDBDRedirectQuery "SELECT userpage FROM userpages WHERE user = %s"

The first column value of the first row returned by the query statement should be a string containing a URL to which to redirect the client. Subsequent rows will be ignored. If no rows are returned, the client will not be redirected.

Note that `AuthzDBDLoginToReferer` takes precedence if both are set.