/*
Public Domain.
*/

package org.grails.web.json;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

/**
 * A JSONTokener takes a source string and extracts characters and tokens from
 * it. It is used by the JSONObject and JSONArray constructors to parse
 * JSON source strings.
 *
 * @author JSON.org
 * @version 2
 */
public class JSONTokener {

    /**
     * The index of the next character.
     */
    private int myIndex;

    /**
     * The source string being tokenized.
     */
    private String mySource;

    /**
     * Construct a JSONTokener from a string.
     *
     * @param s A source string.
     */
    public JSONTokener(String s) {
        this.myIndex = 0;
        this.mySource = s;
    }

    /**
     * Back up one character. This provides a sort of lookahead capability,
     * so that you can test for a digit or letter before attempting to parse
     * the next number or identifier.
     */
    public void back() {
        if (this.myIndex > 0) {
            this.myIndex -= 1;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the hex value of a character (base16).
     *
     * @param c A character between '0' and '9' or between 'A' and 'F' or
     *          between 'a' and 'f'.
     * @return An int between 0 and 15, or -1 if c was not a hex digit.
     */
    public static int dehexchar(char c) {
        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
            return c - '0';
        }
        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
            return c - ('A' - 10);
        }
        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
            return c - ('a' - 10);
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if the source string still contains characters that next()
     * can consume.
     *
     * @return true if not yet at the end of the source.
     */
    public boolean more() {
        return myIndex < mySource.length();
    }

    /**
     * Get the next character in the source string.
     *
     * @return The next character, or 0 if past the end of the source string.
     */
    public char next() {
        if (more()) {
            char c = this.mySource.charAt(this.myIndex);
            this.myIndex += 1;
            return c;
        }
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * Consume the next character, and check that it matches a specified
     * character.
     *
     * @param c The character to match.
     * @return The character.
     * @throws JSONException if the character does not match.
     */
    public char next(char c) throws JSONException {
        char n = next();
        if (n != c) {
            throw syntaxError("Expected '" + c + "' and instead saw '" +
                    n + "'.");
        }
        return n;
    }

    /**
     * Get the next n characters.
     *
     * @param n The number of characters to take.
     * @return A string of n characters.
     * @throws JSONException Substring bounds error if there are not
     *                       n characters remaining in the source string.
     */
    public String next(int n) throws JSONException {
        int i = this.myIndex;
        int j = i + n;
        if (j >= this.mySource.length()) {
            throw syntaxError("Substring bounds error");
        }
        this.myIndex += n;
        return mySource.substring(i, j);
    }

    /**
     * Get the next char in the string, skipping whitespace
     * and comments (slashslash, slashstar, and hash).
     *
     * @return A character, or 0 if there are no more characters.
     * @throws JSONException
     */
    public char nextClean() throws JSONException {
        for (; ;) {
            char c = next();
            if (c == '/') {
                switch (next()) {
                    case '/':
                        do {
                            c = next();
                        } while (c != '\n' && c != '\r' && c != 0);
                        break;
                    case '*':
                        for (; ;) {
                            c = next();
                            if (c == 0) {
                                throw syntaxError("Unclosed comment.");
                            }
                            if (c == '*') {
                                if (next() == '/') {
                                    break;
                                }
                                back();
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                    default:
                        back();
                        return '/';
                }
            } else if (c == '#') {
                do {
                    c = next();
                } while (c != '\n' && c != '\r' && c != 0);
            } else if (c == 0 || c > ' ') {
                return c;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Return the characters up to the next close quote character.
     * Backslash processing is done. The formal JSON format does not
     * allow strings in single quotes, but an implementation is allowed to
     * accept them.
     *
     * @param quote The quoting character, either
     *              <code>"</code>&nbsp;<small>(double quote)</small> or
     *              <code>'</code>&nbsp;<small>(single quote)</small>.
     * @return A String.
     * @throws JSONException Unterminated string.
     */
    public String nextString(char quote) throws JSONException {
        char c;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (; ;) {
            c = next();
            switch (c) {
                case 0:
                case '\n':
                case '\r':
                    throw syntaxError("Unterminated string");
                case '\\':
                    c = next();
                    switch (c) {
                        case 'b':
                            sb.append('\b');
                            break;
                        case 't':
                            sb.append('\t');
                            break;
                        case 'n':
                            sb.append('\n');
                            break;
                        case 'f':
                            sb.append('\f');
                            break;
                        case 'r':
                            sb.append('\r');
                            break;
                        case 'u':
                            sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(next(4), 16));
                            break;
                        case 'x':
                            sb.append((char) Integer.parseInt(next(2), 16));
                            break;
                        default:
                            sb.append(c);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    if (c == quote) {
                        return sb.toString();
                    }
                    sb.append(c);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the text up but not including the specified character or the
     * end of line, whichever comes first.
     *
     * @param d A delimiter character.
     * @return A string.
     */
    public String nextTo(char d) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (; ;) {
            char c = next();
            if (c == d || c == 0 || c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
                if (c != 0) {
                    back();
                }
                return sb.toString().trim();
            }
            sb.append(c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the text up but not including one of the specified delimeter
     * characters or the end of line, whichever comes first.
     *
     * @param delimiters A set of delimiter characters.
     * @return A string, trimmed.
     */
    public String nextTo(String delimiters) {
        char c;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (; ;) {
            c = next();
            if (delimiters.indexOf(c) >= 0 || c == 0 ||
                    c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
                if (c != 0) {
                    back();
                }
                return sb.toString().trim();
            }
            sb.append(c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the next value. The value can be a Boolean, Double, Integer,
     * JSONArray, JSONObject, Long, or String, or the JSONObject.NULL object.
     *
     * @return An object.
     * @throws JSONException If syntax error.
     */
    public Object nextValue() throws JSONException {
        char c = nextClean();
        String s;

        switch (c) {
            case '"':
            case '\'':
                return nextString(c);
            case '{':
                back();
                return new JSONObject(this);
            case '[':
                back();
                return new JSONArray(this);
        }

        /*
         * Handle unquoted text. This could be the values true, false, or
         * null, or it can be a number. An implementation (such as this one)
         * is allowed to also accept non-standard forms.
         *
         * Accumulate characters until we reach the end of the text or a
         * formatting character.
         */

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        char b = c;
        while (c >= ' ' && ",:]}/\\\"[{;=#".indexOf(c) < 0) {
            sb.append(c);
            c = next();
        }
        back();

        /*
         * If it is true, false, or null, return the proper value.
         */

        s = sb.toString().trim();
        if (s.equals("")) {
            throw syntaxError("Missing value.");
        }
        if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("true")) {
            return Boolean.TRUE;
        }
        if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("false")) {
            return Boolean.FALSE;
        }
        if (s.equalsIgnoreCase("null")) {
            return null;
        }

        if (s.startsWith("new Date(")) {
            try {
                Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile("^\\s*new\\s+Date\\(\\s*(\\d+)\\s*\\)\\s*$").matcher(s);
                if (matcher.find()) {
                    long time = Long.parseLong(matcher.group(1));
                    return new Date(time);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // ignored
            }
        }

        /*
         * If it might be a number, try converting it. We support the 0- and 0x-
         * conventions. If a number cannot be produced, then the value will just
         * be a string. Note that the 0-, 0x-, plus, and implied string
         * conventions are non-standard. A JSON parser is free to accept
         * non-JSON forms as long as it accepts all correct JSON forms.
         */

        if ((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '.' || b == '-' || b == '+') {
            if (b == '0') {
                if (s.length() > 2 &&
                        (s.charAt(1) == 'x' || s.charAt(1) == 'X')) {
                    try {
                        return Integer.parseInt(s.substring(2), 16);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        /* Ignore the error */
                    }
                } else {
                    try {
                        return Integer.parseInt(s, 8);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        /* Ignore the error */
                    }
                }
            }

            BigDecimal number;
            try {
                number = new BigDecimal(s);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                return s;
            }

            if (number.scale() == 0) {
                try {
                    return number.intValueExact();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    try {
                        return number.longValueExact();
                    } catch (Exception f) {
                        return number.toBigInteger();
                    }
                }
            } else {
                double doubleValue = number.doubleValue();
                return number.equals(BigDecimal.valueOf(doubleValue)) ? doubleValue : number;
            }
        }
        return s;
    }

    /**
     * Skip characters until the next character is the requested character.
     * If the requested character is not found, no characters are skipped.
     *
     * @param to A character to skip to.
     * @return The requested character, or zero if the requested character
     *         is not found.
     */
    public char skipTo(char to) {
        char c;
        int index = this.myIndex;
        do {
            c = next();
            if (c == 0) {
                this.myIndex = index;
                return c;
            }
        } while (c != to);
        back();
        return c;
    }

    /**
     * Skip characters until past the requested string.
     * If it is not found, we are left at the end of the source.
     *
     * @param to A string to skip past.
     */
    public void skipPast(String to) {
        this.myIndex = this.mySource.indexOf(to, this.myIndex);
        if (this.myIndex < 0) {
            this.myIndex = this.mySource.length();
        } else {
            this.myIndex += to.length();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Make a JSONException to signal a syntax error.
     *
     * @param message The error message.
     * @return A JSONException object, suitable for throwing
     */
    public JSONException syntaxError(String message) {

        return new JSONException(message + toRegexSafeString());
    }

    /**
     * Make a printable string of this JSONTokener.
     *
     * @return " at character [this.myIndex] of [this.mySource]"
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return " at character " + this.myIndex + " of " + this.mySource;
    }

    /**
     * Make a regex safe printable string of this JSONTokener.
     *
     * @return " at character [this.myIndex] of [this.mySource]"
     */
    public String toRegexSafeString() {
        int endIndex = mySource.length();
        boolean appendDots = false;
        if (endIndex > 20) {
            // only show first 20 characters of source to prevent reDOS attacks, especially in Java 8 regexp engine
            // see https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Regular_expression_Denial_of_Service_-_ReDoS for more info
            endIndex = 19;
            appendDots = true;
        }
        StringBuffer output = new StringBuffer(" at character " + this.myIndex + " of " + this.mySource.substring(0, endIndex));
        if (appendDots) {
            output.append("...");
        }
        return Matcher.quoteReplacement(output.toString());
    }

}
