/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.dubbo.common.utils;

import javassist.CtClass;
import javassist.CtConstructor;
import javassist.CtMethod;
import javassist.NotFoundException;

import java.beans.BeanInfo;
import java.beans.Introspector;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.CodeSource;
import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static java.util.Collections.unmodifiableSet;
import static org.apache.dubbo.common.utils.ArrayUtils.isEmpty;

/**
 * ReflectUtils
 */
public final class ReflectUtils {

    /**
     * void(V).
     */
    public static final char JVM_VOID = 'V';

    /**
     * boolean(Z).
     */
    public static final char JVM_BOOLEAN = 'Z';

    /**
     * byte(B).
     */
    public static final char JVM_BYTE = 'B';

    /**
     * char(C).
     */
    public static final char JVM_CHAR = 'C';

    /**
     * double(D).
     */
    public static final char JVM_DOUBLE = 'D';

    /**
     * float(F).
     */
    public static final char JVM_FLOAT = 'F';

    /**
     * int(I).
     */
    public static final char JVM_INT = 'I';

    /**
     * long(J).
     */
    public static final char JVM_LONG = 'J';

    /**
     * short(S).
     */
    public static final char JVM_SHORT = 'S';

    public static final Class<?>[] EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY = new Class<?>[0];

    public static final String JAVA_IDENT_REGEX = "(?:[_$a-zA-Z][_$a-zA-Z0-9]*)";

    public static final String JAVA_NAME_REGEX = "(?:" + JAVA_IDENT_REGEX + "(?:\\." + JAVA_IDENT_REGEX + ")*)";

    public static final String CLASS_DESC = "(?:L" + JAVA_IDENT_REGEX + "(?:\\/" + JAVA_IDENT_REGEX + ")*;)";

    public static final String ARRAY_DESC = "(?:\\[+(?:(?:[VZBCDFIJS])|" + CLASS_DESC + "))";

    public static final String DESC_REGEX = "(?:(?:[VZBCDFIJS])|" + CLASS_DESC + "|" + ARRAY_DESC + ")";

    public static final Pattern DESC_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(DESC_REGEX);

    public static final String METHOD_DESC_REGEX = "(?:(" + JAVA_IDENT_REGEX + ")?\\((" + DESC_REGEX + "*)\\)(" + DESC_REGEX + ")?)";

    public static final Pattern METHOD_DESC_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(METHOD_DESC_REGEX);

    public static final Pattern GETTER_METHOD_DESC_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("get([A-Z][_a-zA-Z0-9]*)\\(\\)(" + DESC_REGEX + ")");

    public static final Pattern SETTER_METHOD_DESC_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("set([A-Z][_a-zA-Z0-9]*)\\((" + DESC_REGEX + ")\\)V");

    public static final Pattern IS_HAS_CAN_METHOD_DESC_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(?:is|has|can)([A-Z][_a-zA-Z0-9]*)\\(\\)Z");

    private static final ConcurrentMap<String, Class<?>> DESC_CLASS_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Class<?>>();

    private static final ConcurrentMap<String, Class<?>> NAME_CLASS_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Class<?>>();

    private static final ConcurrentMap<String, Method> SIGNATURE_METHODS_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Method>();

    private static Map<Class<?>, Object> primitiveDefaults = new HashMap<>();

    static {
        primitiveDefaults.put(int.class, 0);
        primitiveDefaults.put(long.class, 0L);
        primitiveDefaults.put(byte.class, (byte) 0);
        primitiveDefaults.put(char.class, (char) 0);
        primitiveDefaults.put(short.class, (short) 0);
        primitiveDefaults.put(float.class, (float) 0);
        primitiveDefaults.put(double.class, (double) 0);
        primitiveDefaults.put(boolean.class, false);
        primitiveDefaults.put(void.class, null);
    }

    private ReflectUtils() {
    }

    public static boolean isPrimitives(Class<?> cls) {
        if (cls.isArray()) {
            return isPrimitive(cls.getComponentType());
        }
        return isPrimitive(cls);
    }

    public static boolean isPrimitive(Class<?> cls) {
        return cls.isPrimitive() || cls == String.class || cls == Boolean.class || cls == Character.class
                || Number.class.isAssignableFrom(cls) || Date.class.isAssignableFrom(cls);
    }

    public static Class<?> getBoxedClass(Class<?> c) {
        if (c == int.class) {
            c = Integer.class;
        } else if (c == boolean.class) {
            c = Boolean.class;
        } else if (c == long.class) {
            c = Long.class;
        } else if (c == float.class) {
            c = Float.class;
        } else if (c == double.class) {
            c = Double.class;
        } else if (c == char.class) {
            c = Character.class;
        } else if (c == byte.class) {
            c = Byte.class;
        } else if (c == short.class) {
            c = Short.class;
        }
        return c;
    }

    /**
     * is compatible.
     *
     * @param c class.
     * @param o instance.
     * @return compatible or not.
     */
    public static boolean isCompatible(Class<?> c, Object o) {
        boolean pt = c.isPrimitive();
        if (o == null) {
            return !pt;
        }

        if (pt) {
            c = getBoxedClass(c);
        }

        return c == o.getClass() || c.isInstance(o);
    }

    /**
     * is compatible.
     *
     * @param cs class array.
     * @param os object array.
     * @return compatible or not.
     */
    public static boolean isCompatible(Class<?>[] cs, Object[] os) {
        int len = cs.length;
        if (len != os.length) {
            return false;
        }
        if (len == 0) {
            return true;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            if (!isCompatible(cs[i], os[i])) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    public static String getCodeBase(Class<?> cls) {
        if (cls == null) {
            return null;
        }
        ProtectionDomain domain = cls.getProtectionDomain();
        if (domain == null) {
            return null;
        }
        CodeSource source = domain.getCodeSource();
        if (source == null) {
            return null;
        }
        URL location = source.getLocation();
        if (location == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return location.getFile();
    }

    /**
     * get name.
     * java.lang.Object[][].class => "java.lang.Object[][]"
     *
     * @param c class.
     * @return name.
     */
    public static String getName(Class<?> c) {
        if (c.isArray()) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            do {
                sb.append("[]");
                c = c.getComponentType();
            }
            while (c.isArray());

            return c.getName() + sb.toString();
        }
        return c.getName();
    }

    public static Class<?> getGenericClass(Class<?> cls) {
        return getGenericClass(cls, 0);
    }

    public static Class<?> getGenericClass(Class<?> cls, int i) {
        try {
            ParameterizedType parameterizedType = ((ParameterizedType) cls.getGenericInterfaces()[0]);
            Object genericClass = parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()[i];

            // handle nested generic type
            if (genericClass instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                return (Class<?>) ((ParameterizedType) genericClass).getRawType();
            }

            // handle array generic type
            if (genericClass instanceof GenericArrayType) {
                return (Class<?>) ((GenericArrayType) genericClass).getGenericComponentType();
            }

            // Requires JDK 7 or higher, Foo<int[]> is no longer GenericArrayType
            if (((Class) genericClass).isArray()) {
                return ((Class) genericClass).getComponentType();
            }
            return (Class<?>) genericClass;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(cls.getName() + " generic type undefined!", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * get method name.
     * "void do(int)", "void do()", "int do(java.lang.String,boolean)"
     *
     * @param m method.
     * @return name.
     */
    public static String getName(final Method m) {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
        ret.append(getName(m.getReturnType())).append(' ');
        ret.append(m.getName()).append('(');
        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
            if (i > 0) {
                ret.append(',');
            }
            ret.append(getName(parameterTypes[i]));
        }
        ret.append(')');
        return ret.toString();
    }

    public static String getSignature(String methodName, Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(methodName);
        sb.append("(");
        if (parameterTypes != null && parameterTypes.length > 0) {
            boolean first = true;
            for (Class<?> type : parameterTypes) {
                if (first) {
                    first = false;
                } else {
                    sb.append(",");
                }
                sb.append(type.getName());
            }
        }
        sb.append(")");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * get constructor name.
     * "()", "(java.lang.String,int)"
     *
     * @param c constructor.
     * @return name.
     */
    public static String getName(final Constructor<?> c) {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder("(");
        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = c.getParameterTypes();
        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
            if (i > 0) {
                ret.append(',');
            }
            ret.append(getName(parameterTypes[i]));
        }
        ret.append(')');
        return ret.toString();
    }

    /**
     * get class desc.
     * boolean[].class => "[Z"
     * Object.class => "Ljava/lang/Object;"
     *
     * @param c class.
     * @return desc.
     * @throws NotFoundException
     */
    public static String getDesc(Class<?> c) {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();

        while (c.isArray()) {
            ret.append('[');
            c = c.getComponentType();
        }

        if (c.isPrimitive()) {
            String t = c.getName();
            if ("void".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_VOID);
            } else if ("boolean".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_BOOLEAN);
            } else if ("byte".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_BYTE);
            } else if ("char".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_CHAR);
            } else if ("double".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_DOUBLE);
            } else if ("float".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_FLOAT);
            } else if ("int".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_INT);
            } else if ("long".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_LONG);
            } else if ("short".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_SHORT);
            }
        } else {
            ret.append('L');
            ret.append(c.getName().replace('.', '/'));
            ret.append(';');
        }
        return ret.toString();
    }

    /**
     * get class array desc.
     * [int.class, boolean[].class, Object.class] => "I[ZLjava/lang/Object;"
     *
     * @param cs class array.
     * @return desc.
     * @throws NotFoundException
     */
    public static String getDesc(final Class<?>[] cs) {
        if (cs.length == 0) {
            return "";
        }

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(64);
        for (Class<?> c : cs) {
            sb.append(getDesc(c));
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * get method desc.
     * int do(int arg1) => "do(I)I"
     * void do(String arg1,boolean arg2) => "do(Ljava/lang/String;Z)V"
     *
     * @param m method.
     * @return desc.
     */
    public static String getDesc(final Method m) {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(m.getName()).append('(');
        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
            ret.append(getDesc(parameterTypes[i]));
        }
        ret.append(')').append(getDesc(m.getReturnType()));
        return ret.toString();
    }

    public static String[] getDescArray(final Method m) {
        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
        String[] arr = new String[parameterTypes.length];

        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
            arr[i] = getDesc(parameterTypes[i]);
        }
        return arr;
    }

    /**
     * get constructor desc.
     * "()V", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)V"
     *
     * @param c constructor.
     * @return desc
     */
    public static String getDesc(final Constructor<?> c) {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder("(");
        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = c.getParameterTypes();
        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
            ret.append(getDesc(parameterTypes[i]));
        }
        ret.append(')').append('V');
        return ret.toString();
    }

    /**
     * get method desc.
     * "(I)I", "()V", "(Ljava/lang/String;Z)V"
     *
     * @param m method.
     * @return desc.
     */
    public static String getDescWithoutMethodName(Method m) {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
        ret.append('(');
        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
            ret.append(getDesc(parameterTypes[i]));
        }
        ret.append(')').append(getDesc(m.getReturnType()));
        return ret.toString();
    }

    /**
     * get class desc.
     * Object.class => "Ljava/lang/Object;"
     * boolean[].class => "[Z"
     *
     * @param c class.
     * @return desc.
     * @throws NotFoundException
     */
    public static String getDesc(final CtClass c) throws NotFoundException {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
        if (c.isArray()) {
            ret.append('[');
            ret.append(getDesc(c.getComponentType()));
        } else if (c.isPrimitive()) {
            String t = c.getName();
            if ("void".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_VOID);
            } else if ("boolean".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_BOOLEAN);
            } else if ("byte".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_BYTE);
            } else if ("char".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_CHAR);
            } else if ("double".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_DOUBLE);
            } else if ("float".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_FLOAT);
            } else if ("int".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_INT);
            } else if ("long".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_LONG);
            } else if ("short".equals(t)) {
                ret.append(JVM_SHORT);
            }
        } else {
            ret.append('L');
            ret.append(c.getName().replace('.', '/'));
            ret.append(';');
        }
        return ret.toString();
    }

    /**
     * get method desc.
     * "do(I)I", "do()V", "do(Ljava/lang/String;Z)V"
     *
     * @param m method.
     * @return desc.
     */
    public static String getDesc(final CtMethod m) throws NotFoundException {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(m.getName()).append('(');
        CtClass[] parameterTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
        for (CtClass parameterType : parameterTypes) {
            ret.append(getDesc(parameterType));
        }
        ret.append(')').append(getDesc(m.getReturnType()));
        return ret.toString();
    }

    /**
     * get constructor desc.
     * "()V", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)V"
     *
     * @param c constructor.
     * @return desc
     */
    public static String getDesc(final CtConstructor c) throws NotFoundException {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder("(");
        CtClass[] parameterTypes = c.getParameterTypes();
        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
            ret.append(getDesc(parameterTypes[i]));
        }
        ret.append(')').append('V');
        return ret.toString();
    }

    /**
     * get method desc.
     * "(I)I", "()V", "(Ljava/lang/String;Z)V".
     *
     * @param m method.
     * @return desc.
     */
    public static String getDescWithoutMethodName(final CtMethod m) throws NotFoundException {
        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
        ret.append('(');
        CtClass[] parameterTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
            ret.append(getDesc(parameterTypes[i]));
        }
        ret.append(')').append(getDesc(m.getReturnType()));
        return ret.toString();
    }

    /**
     * name to desc.
     * java.util.Map[][] => "[[Ljava/util/Map;"
     *
     * @param name name.
     * @return desc.
     */
    public static String name2desc(String name) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        int c = 0, index = name.indexOf('[');
        if (index > 0) {
            c = (name.length() - index) / 2;
            name = name.substring(0, index);
        }
        while (c-- > 0) {
            sb.append("[");
        }
        if ("void".equals(name)) {
            sb.append(JVM_VOID);
        } else if ("boolean".equals(name)) {
            sb.append(JVM_BOOLEAN);
        } else if ("byte".equals(name)) {
            sb.append(JVM_BYTE);
        } else if ("char".equals(name)) {
            sb.append(JVM_CHAR);
        } else if ("double".equals(name)) {
            sb.append(JVM_DOUBLE);
        } else if ("float".equals(name)) {
            sb.append(JVM_FLOAT);
        } else if ("int".equals(name)) {
            sb.append(JVM_INT);
        } else if ("long".equals(name)) {
            sb.append(JVM_LONG);
        } else if ("short".equals(name)) {
            sb.append(JVM_SHORT);
        } else {
            sb.append('L').append(name.replace('.', '/')).append(';');
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * desc to name.
     * "[[I" => "int[][]"
     *
     * @param desc desc.
     * @return name.
     */
    public static String desc2name(String desc) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        int c = desc.lastIndexOf('[') + 1;
        if (desc.length() == c + 1) {
            switch (desc.charAt(c)) {
                case JVM_VOID: {
                    sb.append("void");
                    break;
                }
                case JVM_BOOLEAN: {
                    sb.append("boolean");
                    break;
                }
                case JVM_BYTE: {
                    sb.append("byte");
                    break;
                }
                case JVM_CHAR: {
                    sb.append("char");
                    break;
                }
                case JVM_DOUBLE: {
                    sb.append("double");
                    break;
                }
                case JVM_FLOAT: {
                    sb.append("float");
                    break;
                }
                case JVM_INT: {
                    sb.append("int");
                    break;
                }
                case JVM_LONG: {
                    sb.append("long");
                    break;
                }
                case JVM_SHORT: {
                    sb.append("short");
                    break;
                }
                default:
                    throw new RuntimeException();
            }
        } else {
            sb.append(desc.substring(c + 1, desc.length() - 1).replace('/', '.'));
        }
        while (c-- > 0) {
            sb.append("[]");
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public static Class<?> forName(String name) {
        try {
            return name2class(name);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Not found class " + name + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    public static Class<?> forName(ClassLoader cl, String name) {
        try {
            return name2class(cl, name);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Not found class " + name + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * name to class.
     * "boolean" => boolean.class
     * "java.util.Map[][]" => java.util.Map[][].class
     *
     * @param name name.
     * @return Class instance.
     */
    public static Class<?> name2class(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        return name2class(ClassUtils.getClassLoader(), name);
    }

    /**
     * name to class.
     * "boolean" => boolean.class
     * "java.util.Map[][]" => java.util.Map[][].class
     *
     * @param cl   ClassLoader instance.
     * @param name name.
     * @return Class instance.
     */
    private static Class<?> name2class(ClassLoader cl, String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        int c = 0, index = name.indexOf('[');
        if (index > 0) {
            c = (name.length() - index) / 2;
            name = name.substring(0, index);
        }
        if (c > 0) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            while (c-- > 0) {
                sb.append("[");
            }

            if ("void".equals(name)) {
                sb.append(JVM_VOID);
            } else if ("boolean".equals(name)) {
                sb.append(JVM_BOOLEAN);
            } else if ("byte".equals(name)) {
                sb.append(JVM_BYTE);
            } else if ("char".equals(name)) {
                sb.append(JVM_CHAR);
            } else if ("double".equals(name)) {
                sb.append(JVM_DOUBLE);
            } else if ("float".equals(name)) {
                sb.append(JVM_FLOAT);
            } else if ("int".equals(name)) {
                sb.append(JVM_INT);
            } else if ("long".equals(name)) {
                sb.append(JVM_LONG);
            } else if ("short".equals(name)) {
                sb.append(JVM_SHORT);
            } else {
                // "java.lang.Object" ==> "Ljava.lang.Object;"
                sb.append('L').append(name).append(';');
            }
            name = sb.toString();
        } else {
            if ("void".equals(name)) {
                return void.class;
            }
            if ("boolean".equals(name)) {
                return boolean.class;
            }
            if ("byte".equals(name)) {
                return byte.class;
            }
            if ("char".equals(name)) {
                return char.class;
            }
            if ("double".equals(name)) {
                return double.class;
            }
            if ("float".equals(name)) {
                return float.class;
            }
            if ("int".equals(name)) {
                return int.class;
            }
            if ("long".equals(name)) {
                return long.class;
            }
            if ("short".equals(name)) {
                return short.class;
            }
        }

        if (cl == null) {
            cl = ClassUtils.getClassLoader();
        }
        Class<?> clazz = NAME_CLASS_CACHE.get(name);
        if (clazz == null) {
            clazz = Class.forName(name, true, cl);
            NAME_CLASS_CACHE.put(name, clazz);
        }
        return clazz;
    }

    /**
     * desc to class.
     * "[Z" => boolean[].class
     * "[[Ljava/util/Map;" => java.util.Map[][].class
     *
     * @param desc desc.
     * @return Class instance.
     * @throws ClassNotFoundException
     */
    public static Class<?> desc2class(String desc) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        return desc2class(ClassUtils.getClassLoader(), desc);
    }

    /**
     * desc to class.
     * "[Z" => boolean[].class
     * "[[Ljava/util/Map;" => java.util.Map[][].class
     *
     * @param cl   ClassLoader instance.
     * @param desc desc.
     * @return Class instance.
     * @throws ClassNotFoundException
     */
    private static Class<?> desc2class(ClassLoader cl, String desc) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        switch (desc.charAt(0)) {
            case JVM_VOID:
                return void.class;
            case JVM_BOOLEAN:
                return boolean.class;
            case JVM_BYTE:
                return byte.class;
            case JVM_CHAR:
                return char.class;
            case JVM_DOUBLE:
                return double.class;
            case JVM_FLOAT:
                return float.class;
            case JVM_INT:
                return int.class;
            case JVM_LONG:
                return long.class;
            case JVM_SHORT:
                return short.class;
            case 'L':
                // "Ljava/lang/Object;" ==> "java.lang.Object"
                desc = desc.substring(1, desc.length() - 1).replace('/', '.');
                break;
            case '[':
                // "[[Ljava/lang/Object;" ==> "[[Ljava.lang.Object;"
                desc = desc.replace('/', '.');
                break;
            default:
                throw new ClassNotFoundException("Class not found: " + desc);
        }

        if (cl == null) {
            cl = ClassUtils.getClassLoader();
        }
        Class<?> clazz = DESC_CLASS_CACHE.get(desc);
        if (clazz == null) {
            clazz = Class.forName(desc, true, cl);
            DESC_CLASS_CACHE.put(desc, clazz);
        }
        return clazz;
    }

    /**
     * get class array instance.
     *
     * @param desc desc.
     * @return Class class array.
     * @throws ClassNotFoundException
     */
    public static Class<?>[] desc2classArray(String desc) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Class<?>[] ret = desc2classArray(ClassUtils.getClassLoader(), desc);
        return ret;
    }

    /**
     * get class array instance.
     *
     * @param cl   ClassLoader instance.
     * @param desc desc.
     * @return Class[] class array.
     * @throws ClassNotFoundException
     */
    private static Class<?>[] desc2classArray(ClassLoader cl, String desc) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        if (desc.length() == 0) {
            return EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY;
        }

        List<Class<?>> cs = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
        Matcher m = DESC_PATTERN.matcher(desc);
        while (m.find()) {
            cs.add(desc2class(cl, m.group()));
        }
        return cs.toArray(EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY);
    }

    /**
     * Find method from method signature
     *
     * @param clazz      Target class to find method
     * @param methodName Method signature, e.g.: method1(int, String). It is allowed to provide method name only, e.g.: method2
     * @return target method
     * @throws NoSuchMethodException
     * @throws ClassNotFoundException
     * @throws IllegalStateException  when multiple methods are found (overridden method when parameter info is not provided)
     */
    public static Method findMethodByMethodSignature(Class<?> clazz, String methodName, String[] parameterTypes)
            throws NoSuchMethodException, ClassNotFoundException {
        String signature = clazz.getName() + "." + methodName;
        if (parameterTypes != null && parameterTypes.length > 0) {
            signature += StringUtils.join(parameterTypes);
        }
        Method method = SIGNATURE_METHODS_CACHE.get(signature);
        if (method != null) {
            return method;
        }
        if (parameterTypes == null) {
            List<Method> finded = new ArrayList<Method>();
            for (Method m : clazz.getMethods()) {
                if (m.getName().equals(methodName)) {
                    finded.add(m);
                }
            }
            if (finded.isEmpty()) {
                throw new NoSuchMethodException("No such method " + methodName + " in class " + clazz);
            }
            if (finded.size() > 1) {
                String msg = String.format("Not unique method for method name(%s) in class(%s), find %d methods.",
                        methodName, clazz.getName(), finded.size());
                throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
            }
            method = finded.get(0);
        } else {
            Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
            for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
                types[i] = ReflectUtils.name2class(parameterTypes[i]);
            }
            method = clazz.getMethod(methodName, types);

        }
        SIGNATURE_METHODS_CACHE.put(signature, method);
        return method;
    }

    public static Method findMethodByMethodName(Class<?> clazz, String methodName)
            throws NoSuchMethodException, ClassNotFoundException {
        return findMethodByMethodSignature(clazz, methodName, null);
    }

    public static Constructor<?> findConstructor(Class<?> clazz, Class<?> paramType) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        Constructor<?> targetConstructor;
        try {
            targetConstructor = clazz.getConstructor(new Class<?>[]{paramType});
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            targetConstructor = null;
            Constructor<?>[] constructors = clazz.getConstructors();
            for (Constructor<?> constructor : constructors) {
                if (Modifier.isPublic(constructor.getModifiers())
                        && constructor.getParameterTypes().length == 1
                        && constructor.getParameterTypes()[0].isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
                    targetConstructor = constructor;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (targetConstructor == null) {
                throw e;
            }
        }
        return targetConstructor;
    }

    /**
     * Check if one object is the implementation for a given interface.
     * <p>
     * This method will not trigger classloading for the given interface, therefore it will not lead to error when
     * the given interface is not visible by the classloader
     *
     * @param obj                Object to examine
     * @param interfaceClazzName The given interface
     * @return true if the object implements the given interface, otherwise return false
     */
    public static boolean isInstance(Object obj, String interfaceClazzName) {
        for (Class<?> clazz = obj.getClass();
             clazz != null && !clazz.equals(Object.class);
             clazz = clazz.getSuperclass()) {
            Class<?>[] interfaces = clazz.getInterfaces();
            for (Class<?> itf : interfaces) {
                if (itf.getName().equals(interfaceClazzName)) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static Object getEmptyObject(Class<?> returnType) {
        return getEmptyObject(returnType, new HashMap<>(), 0);
    }

    private static Object getEmptyObject(Class<?> returnType, Map<Class<?>, Object> emptyInstances, int level) {
        if (level > 2) {
            return null;
        }
        if (returnType == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (returnType == boolean.class || returnType == Boolean.class) {
            return false;
        }
        if (returnType == char.class || returnType == Character.class) {
            return '\0';
        }
        if (returnType == byte.class || returnType == Byte.class) {
            return (byte) 0;
        }
        if (returnType == short.class || returnType == Short.class) {
            return (short) 0;
        }
        if (returnType == int.class || returnType == Integer.class) {
            return 0;
        }
        if (returnType == long.class || returnType == Long.class) {
            return 0L;
        }
        if (returnType == float.class || returnType == Float.class) {
            return 0F;
        }
        if (returnType == double.class || returnType == Double.class) {
            return 0D;
        }
        if (returnType.isArray()) {
            return Array.newInstance(returnType.getComponentType(), 0);
        }
        if (returnType.isAssignableFrom(ArrayList.class)) {
            return new ArrayList<>(0);
        }
        if (returnType.isAssignableFrom(HashSet.class)) {
            return new HashSet<>(0);
        }
        if (returnType.isAssignableFrom(HashMap.class)) {
            return new HashMap<>(0);
        }
        if (String.class.equals(returnType)) {
            return "";
        }
        if (returnType.isInterface()) {
            return null;
        }

        try {
            Object value = emptyInstances.get(returnType);
            if (value == null) {
                value = returnType.newInstance();
                emptyInstances.put(returnType, value);
            }
            Class<?> cls = value.getClass();
            while (cls != null && cls != Object.class) {
                Field[] fields = cls.getDeclaredFields();
                for (Field field : fields) {
                    if (field.isSynthetic()) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    Object property = getEmptyObject(field.getType(), emptyInstances, level + 1);
                    if (property != null) {
                        try {
                            if (!field.isAccessible()) {
                                field.setAccessible(true);
                            }
                            field.set(value, property);
                        } catch (Throwable ignored) {
                        }
                    }
                }
                cls = cls.getSuperclass();
            }
            return value;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static Object defaultReturn(Method m) {
        if (m.getReturnType().isPrimitive()) {
            return primitiveDefaults.get(m.getReturnType());
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static Object defaultReturn(Class<?> classType) {
        if (classType != null && classType.isPrimitive()) {
            return primitiveDefaults.get(classType);
        } else {
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static boolean isBeanPropertyReadMethod(Method method) {
        return method != null
                && Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())
                && !Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())
                && method.getReturnType() != void.class
                && method.getDeclaringClass() != Object.class
                && method.getParameterTypes().length == 0
                && ((method.getName().startsWith("get") && method.getName().length() > 3)
                || (method.getName().startsWith("is") && method.getName().length() > 2));
    }

    public static String getPropertyNameFromBeanReadMethod(Method method) {
        if (isBeanPropertyReadMethod(method)) {
            if (method.getName().startsWith("get")) {
                return method.getName().substring(3, 4).toLowerCase()
                        + method.getName().substring(4);
            }
            if (method.getName().startsWith("is")) {
                return method.getName().substring(2, 3).toLowerCase()
                        + method.getName().substring(3);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static boolean isBeanPropertyWriteMethod(Method method) {
        return method != null
                && Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())
                && !Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())
                && method.getDeclaringClass() != Object.class
                && method.getParameterTypes().length == 1
                && method.getName().startsWith("set")
                && method.getName().length() > 3;
    }

    public static String getPropertyNameFromBeanWriteMethod(Method method) {
        if (isBeanPropertyWriteMethod(method)) {
            return method.getName().substring(3, 4).toLowerCase()
                    + method.getName().substring(4);
        }
        return null;
    }

    public static boolean isPublicInstanceField(Field field) {
        return Modifier.isPublic(field.getModifiers())
                && !Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())
                && !Modifier.isFinal(field.getModifiers())
                && !field.isSynthetic();
    }

    public static Map<String, Field> getBeanPropertyFields(Class cl) {
        Map<String, Field> properties = new HashMap<String, Field>();
        for (; cl != null; cl = cl.getSuperclass()) {
            Field[] fields = cl.getDeclaredFields();
            for (Field field : fields) {
                if (Modifier.isTransient(field.getModifiers())
                        || Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
                    continue;
                }

                field.setAccessible(true);

                properties.put(field.getName(), field);
            }
        }

        return properties;
    }

    public static Map<String, Method> getBeanPropertyReadMethods(Class cl) {
        Map<String, Method> properties = new HashMap<String, Method>();
        for (; cl != null; cl = cl.getSuperclass()) {
            Method[] methods = cl.getDeclaredMethods();
            for (Method method : methods) {
                if (isBeanPropertyReadMethod(method)) {
                    method.setAccessible(true);
                    String property = getPropertyNameFromBeanReadMethod(method);
                    properties.put(property, method);
                }
            }
        }

        return properties;
    }

    public static Type[] getReturnTypes(Method method) {
        Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();
        Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
        if (Future.class.isAssignableFrom(returnType)) {
            if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                Type actualArgType = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments()[0];
                if (actualArgType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
                    returnType = (Class<?>) ((ParameterizedType) actualArgType).getRawType();
                    genericReturnType = actualArgType;
                } else {
                    returnType = (Class<?>) actualArgType;
                    genericReturnType = returnType;
                }
            } else {
                returnType = null;
                genericReturnType = null;
            }
        }
        return new Type[]{returnType, genericReturnType};
    }

    /**
     * Find the {@link Set} of {@link ParameterizedType}
     *
     * @param sourceClass the source {@link Class class}
     * @return non-null read-only {@link Set}
     * @since 2.7.5
     */
    public static Set<ParameterizedType> findParameterizedTypes(Class<?> sourceClass) {
        // Add Generic Interfaces
        List<Type> genericTypes = new LinkedList<>(asList(sourceClass.getGenericInterfaces()));
        // Add Generic Super Class
        genericTypes.add(sourceClass.getGenericSuperclass());

        Set<ParameterizedType> parameterizedTypes = genericTypes.stream()
                .filter(type -> type instanceof ParameterizedType)// filter ParameterizedType
                .map(type -> ParameterizedType.class.cast(type))  // cast to ParameterizedType
                .collect(Collectors.toSet());

        if (parameterizedTypes.isEmpty()) { // If not found, try to search super types recursively
            genericTypes.stream()
                    .filter(type -> type instanceof Class)
                    .map(type -> Class.class.cast(type))
                    .forEach(superClass -> {
                        parameterizedTypes.addAll(findParameterizedTypes(superClass));
                    });
        }

        return unmodifiableSet(parameterizedTypes);                     // build as a Set

    }

    /**
     * Find the hierarchical types from the source {@link Class class} by specified {@link Class type}.
     *
     * @param sourceClass the source {@link Class class}
     * @param matchType   the type to match
     * @param <T>         the type to match
     * @return non-null read-only {@link Set}
     * @since 2.7.5
     */
    public static <T> Set<Class<T>> findHierarchicalTypes(Class<?> sourceClass, Class<T> matchType) {
        if (sourceClass == null) {
            return Collections.emptySet();
        }

        Set<Class<T>> hierarchicalTypes = new LinkedHashSet<>();

        if (matchType.isAssignableFrom(sourceClass)) {
            hierarchicalTypes.add((Class<T>) sourceClass);
        }

        // Find all super classes
        hierarchicalTypes.addAll(findHierarchicalTypes(sourceClass.getSuperclass(), matchType));

        return unmodifiableSet(hierarchicalTypes);
    }

    /**
     * Get the value from the specified bean and its getter method.
     *
     * @param bean       the bean instance
     * @param methodName the name of getter
     * @param <T>        the type of property value
     * @return
     * @since 2.7.5
     */
    public static <T> T getProperty(Object bean, String methodName) {
        Class<?> beanClass = bean.getClass();
        BeanInfo beanInfo = null;
        T propertyValue = null;

        try {
            beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(beanClass);
            propertyValue = (T) Stream.of(beanInfo.getMethodDescriptors())
                    .filter(methodDescriptor -> methodName.equals(methodDescriptor.getName()))
                    .findFirst()
                    .map(method -> {
                        try {
                            return method.getMethod().invoke(bean);
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            //ignore
                        }
                        return null;
                    }).get();
        } catch (Exception e) {

        }
        return propertyValue;
    }

    /**
     * Resolve the types of the specified values
     *
     * @param values the values
     * @return If can't be resolved, return {@link ReflectUtils#EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY empty class array}
     * @since 2.7.6
     */
    public static Class[] resolveTypes(Object... values) {

        if (isEmpty(values)) {
            return EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY;
        }

        int size = values.length;

        Class[] types = new Class[size];

        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            Object value = values[i];
            types[i] = value == null ? null : value.getClass();
        }

        return types;
    }
}