/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.fluent;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;

import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.BasicBuilderParameters;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.BuilderParameters;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.DatabaseBuilderParametersImpl;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.DefaultParametersHandler;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.DefaultParametersManager;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.FileBasedBuilderParametersImpl;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.HierarchicalBuilderParametersImpl;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.INIBuilderParametersImpl;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.JndiBuilderParametersImpl;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.PropertiesBuilderParametersImpl;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.XMLBuilderParametersImpl;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.combined.CombinedBuilderParametersImpl;
import org.apache.commons.configuration2.builder.combined.MultiFileBuilderParametersImpl;

//@formatter:off
/**
 * A convenience class for creating parameter objects for initializing configuration builder objects.
 * <p>
 * For setting initialization properties of new configuration objects, a number of specialized parameter classes exists.
 * These classes use inheritance to organize the properties they support in a logic way. For instance, parameters for
 * file-based configurations also support the basic properties common to all configuration implementations, parameters
 * for XML configurations also include file-based and basic properties, etc.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * When constructing a configuration builder, an easy-to-use fluent API is desired to define specific properties for the
 * configuration to be created. However, the inheritance structure of the parameter classes makes it surprisingly
 * difficult to provide such an API. This class comes to rescue by defining a set of methods for the creation of
 * interface-based parameter objects offering a truly fluent API. The methods provided can be called directly when
 * setting up a configuration builder as shown in the following example code fragment:
 * </p>
 * <pre>
 * Parameters params = new Parameters();
 * configurationBuilder.configure(params.fileBased()
 *   .setThrowExceptionOnMissing(true)
 *   .setEncoding(&quot;UTF-8&quot;)
 *   .setListDelimiter('#')
 *   .setFileName(&quot;test.xml&quot;));
 * </pre>
 * <p>
 * Using this class it is not only possible to create new parameters objects but also to initialize the newly created
 * objects with default values. This is via the associated {@link DefaultParametersManager} object. Such an object can
 * be passed to the constructor, or a new (uninitialized) instance is created. There are convenience methods for
 * interacting with the associated {@code DefaultParametersManager}, namely to register or remove
 * {@link DefaultParametersHandler} objects. On all newly created parameters objects the handlers registered at the
 * associated {@code DefaultParametersHandler} are automatically applied.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * Implementation note: This class is thread-safe.
 * </p>
 *
 * @since 2.0
 */
//@formatter:off
public final class Parameters {
    /** The manager for default handlers. */
    private final DefaultParametersManager defaultParametersManager;

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of {@code Parameters}. A new, uninitialized {@link DefaultParametersManager} is created.
     */
    public Parameters() {
        this(null);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of {@code Parameters} and initializes it with the given {@code DefaultParametersManager}.
     * Because {@code DefaultParametersManager} is thread-safe, it makes sense to share a single instance between multiple
     * {@code Parameters} objects; that way the same initialization is performed on newly created parameters objects.
     *
     * @param manager the {@code DefaultParametersHandler} (may be <b>null</b>, then a new default instance is created)
     */
    public Parameters(final DefaultParametersManager manager) {
        defaultParametersManager = manager != null ? manager : new DefaultParametersManager();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the {@code DefaultParametersManager} associated with this object.
     *
     * @return the {@code DefaultParametersManager}
     */
    public DefaultParametersManager getDefaultParametersManager() {
        return defaultParametersManager;
    }

    /**
     * Registers the specified {@code DefaultParametersHandler} object for the given parameters class. This is a convenience
     * method which just delegates to the associated {@code DefaultParametersManager}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the parameters supported by this handler
     * @param paramsClass the parameters class supported by this handler (must not be <b>null</b>)
     * @param handler the {@code DefaultParametersHandler} to be registered (must not be <b>null</b>)
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a required parameter is missing
     * @see DefaultParametersManager
     */
    public <T> void registerDefaultsHandler(final Class<T> paramsClass, final DefaultParametersHandler<? super T> handler) {
        getDefaultParametersManager().registerDefaultsHandler(paramsClass, handler);
    }

    /**
     * Registers the specified {@code DefaultParametersHandler} object for the given parameters class and start class in the
     * inheritance hierarchy. This is a convenience method which just delegates to the associated
     * {@code DefaultParametersManager}.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the parameters supported by this handler
     * @param paramsClass the parameters class supported by this handler (must not be <b>null</b>)
     * @param handler the {@code DefaultParametersHandler} to be registered (must not be <b>null</b>)
     * @param startClass an optional start class in the hierarchy of parameter objects for which this handler should be
     *        applied
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a required parameter is missing
     */
    public <T> void registerDefaultsHandler(final Class<T> paramsClass, final DefaultParametersHandler<? super T> handler, final Class<?> startClass) {
        getDefaultParametersManager().registerDefaultsHandler(paramsClass, handler, startClass);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of a parameters object for basic configuration properties.
     *
     * @return the new parameters object
     */
    public BasicBuilderParameters basic() {
        return new BasicBuilderParameters();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of a parameters object for file-based configuration properties.
     *
     * @return the new parameters object
     */
    public FileBasedBuilderParameters fileBased() {
        return createParametersProxy(new FileBasedBuilderParametersImpl(), FileBasedBuilderParameters.class);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of a parameters object for combined configuration builder properties.
     *
     * @return the new parameters object
     */
    public CombinedBuilderParameters combined() {
        return createParametersProxy(new CombinedBuilderParametersImpl(), CombinedBuilderParameters.class);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of a parameters object for JNDI configurations.
     *
     * @return the new parameters object
     */
    public JndiBuilderParameters jndi() {
        return createParametersProxy(new JndiBuilderParametersImpl(), JndiBuilderParameters.class);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of a parameters object for hierarchical configurations.
     *
     * @return the new parameters object
     */
    public HierarchicalBuilderParameters hierarchical() {
        return createParametersProxy(new HierarchicalBuilderParametersImpl(), HierarchicalBuilderParameters.class, FileBasedBuilderParameters.class);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of a parameters object for XML configurations.
     *
     * @return the new parameters object
     */
    public XMLBuilderParameters xml() {
        return createParametersProxy(new XMLBuilderParametersImpl(), XMLBuilderParameters.class, FileBasedBuilderParameters.class,
            HierarchicalBuilderParameters.class);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of a parameters object for properties configurations.
     *
     * @return the new parameters object
     */
    public PropertiesBuilderParameters properties() {
        return createParametersProxy(new PropertiesBuilderParametersImpl(), PropertiesBuilderParameters.class, FileBasedBuilderParameters.class);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of a parameters object for a builder for multiple file-based configurations.
     *
     * @return the new parameters object
     */
    public MultiFileBuilderParameters multiFile() {
        return createParametersProxy(new MultiFileBuilderParametersImpl(), MultiFileBuilderParameters.class);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of a parameters object for database configurations.
     *
     * @return the new parameters object
     */
    public DatabaseBuilderParameters database() {
        return createParametersProxy(new DatabaseBuilderParametersImpl(), DatabaseBuilderParameters.class);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new instance of a parameters object for INI configurations.
     *
     * @return the new parameters object
     */
    public INIBuilderParameters ini() {
        return createParametersProxy(new INIBuilderParametersImpl(), INIBuilderParameters.class, FileBasedBuilderParameters.class,
            HierarchicalBuilderParameters.class);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a proxy object for a given parameters interface based on the given implementation object. The newly created
     * object is initialized with default values if there are matching {@link DefaultParametersHandler} objects.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the parameters interface
     * @param target the implementing target object
     * @param ifcClass the interface class
     * @param superIfcs an array with additional interface classes to be implemented
     * @return the proxy object
     */
    private <T> T createParametersProxy(final Object target, final Class<T> ifcClass, final Class<?>... superIfcs) {
        final Class<?>[] ifcClasses = new Class<?>[1 + superIfcs.length];
        ifcClasses[0] = ifcClass;
        System.arraycopy(superIfcs, 0, ifcClasses, 1, superIfcs.length);
        final Object obj = Proxy.newProxyInstance(Parameters.class.getClassLoader(), ifcClasses, new ParametersIfcInvocationHandler(target));
        getDefaultParametersManager().initializeParameters((BuilderParameters) obj);
        return ifcClass.cast(obj);
    }

    /**
     * A specialized {@code InvocationHandler} implementation which maps the methods of a parameters interface to an
     * implementation of the corresponding property interfaces. The parameters interface is a union of multiple property
     * interfaces. The wrapped object implements all of these, but not the union interface. Therefore, a reflection-based
     * approach is required. A special handling is required for the method of the {@code BuilderParameters} interface
     * because here no fluent return value is used.
     */
    private static final class ParametersIfcInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
        /** The target object of reflection calls. */
        private final Object target;

        /**
         * Creates a new instance of {@code ParametersIfcInvocationHandler} and sets the wrapped parameters object.
         *
         * @param targetObj the target object for reflection calls
         */
        public ParametersIfcInvocationHandler(final Object targetObj) {
            target = targetObj;
        }

        /**
         * {@inheritDoc} This implementation delegates method invocations to the target object and handles the return value
         * correctly.
         */
        @Override
        public Object invoke(final Object proxy, final Method method, final Object[] args) throws Throwable {
            final Object result = method.invoke(target, args);
            return isFluentResult(method) ? proxy : result;
        }

        /**
         * Checks whether the specified method belongs to an interface which requires fluent result values.
         *
         * @param method the method to be checked
         * @return a flag whether the method's result should be handled as a fluent result value
         */
        private static boolean isFluentResult(final Method method) {
            final Class<?> declaringClass = method.getDeclaringClass();
            return declaringClass.isInterface() && !declaringClass.equals(BuilderParameters.class);
        }
    }
}
