[[cdi-component]]
= CDI Component
:docTitle: CDI
:artifactId: camel-cdi
:description: Using Camel with CDI
:since: 2.10
:supportLevel: Stable

*Since Camel {since}*

The Camel CDI component provides auto-configuration for Apache Camel
using CDI as dependency injection framework based
on _convention-over-configuration_. It auto-detects Camel routes
available in the application and provides beans for common Camel
primitives like `Endpoint`, `FluentProducerTemplate`, `ProducerTemplate` or `TypeConverter`. It
implements standard Camel bean integration
so that Camel annotations like `@Consume`, `@Produce`
and `@PropertyInject` can be used seamlessly in CDI beans. Besides, it
bridges Camel events (e.g. `RouteAddedEvent`,
`CamelContextStartedEvent`, `ExchangeCompletedEvent`, ...) as CDI events
and provides a CDI events endpoint that can be used to consume / produce
CDI events from / to Camel routes.

More details on how to test Camel CDI applications are available in
Camel CDI testing.

== Auto-configured Camel context

Camel CDI automatically deploys and configures a `CamelContext` bean.
That `CamelContext` bean is automatically instantiated, configured and
started (resp. stopped) when the CDI container initializes (resp. shuts
down). It can be injected in the application, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@Inject
CamelContext context;
----

That default `CamelContext` bean is qualified with the
built-in `@Default` qualifier, is scoped `@ApplicationScoped` and is of
type `DefaultCamelContext`.

Note that this bean can be customized programmatically and other Camel
context beans can be deployed in the application as well.

[[CDI-Auto-detectingCamelroutes]]
== Auto-detecting Camel routes

Camel CDI automatically collects all the `RoutesBuilder` beans in the
application, instantiates and add them to the `CamelContext` bean
instance when the CDI container initializes. For example, adding a Camel
route is as simple as declaring a class, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
class MyRouteBean extends RouteBuilder {

    @Override
    public void configure() {
        from("jms:invoices").to("file:/invoices");
    }
}
----

Note that you can declare as many `RoutesBuilder` beans as you want.
Besides, `RouteContainer` beans are also automatically collected,
instantiated and added to the `CamelContext` bean instance managed by
Camel CDI when the container initializes.

In some situations, it may be necessary to disable the auto-configuration of the `RouteBuilder` and `RouteContainer` beans. That can be achieved by observing for the `CdiCamelConfiguration` event, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
static void configuration(@Observes CdiCamelConfiguration configuration) {
    configuration.autoConfigureRoutes(false);
}
----

Similarly, it is possible to deactivate the automatic starting of the configured `CamelContext` beans, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
static void configuration(@Observes CdiCamelConfiguration configuration) {
    configuration.autoStartContexts(false);
}
----

== Auto-configured Camel primitives

Camel CDI provides beans for common Camel primitives that can be
injected in any CDI beans, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@Inject
@Uri("direct:inbound")
ProducerTemplate producerTemplate;

@Inject
@Uri("direct:inbound")
FluentProducerTemplate fluentProducerTemplate;

@Inject
MockEndpoint outbound; // URI defaults to the member name, i.e. mock:outbound

@Inject
@Uri("direct:inbound")
Endpoint endpoint;

@Inject
TypeConverter converter;
----

== Camel context configuration

If you just want to change the name of the default `CamelContext` bean,
you can used the `@Named` qualifier provided by CDI, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@ApplicationScoped
@Named("myCamelName")
class CustomCamelContext extends DefaultCamelContext {

}
----

Else, if more customization is needed, any `CamelContext` class can be
used to declare a custom Camel context bean. Then,
the `@PostConstruct` and `@PreDestroy` lifecycle callbacks can be done
to do the customization, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@ApplicationScoped
class CustomCamelContext extends DefaultCamelContext {

    @PostConstruct
    void customize() {
        // Or set the Camel context name here
        setName("custom");
        // Disable JMX
        disableJMX();
    }

    @PreDestroy
    void cleanUp() {
        // ...
    }
}
----

http://docs.jboss.org/cdi/spec/1.2/cdi-spec.html#producer_method[Producer]
and http://docs.jboss.org/cdi/spec/1.2/cdi-spec.html#disposer_method[disposer]
methods can also be used as well to customize the Camel context bean, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
class CamelContextFactory {

    @Produces
    @ApplicationScoped
    CamelContext customize() {
        DefaultCamelContext context = new DefaultCamelContext();
        context.setName("custom");
        return context;
    }

    void cleanUp(@Disposes CamelContext context) {
        // ...
    }
}
----

Similarly, http://docs.jboss.org/cdi/spec/1.2/cdi-spec.html#producer_field[producer
fields] can be used, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@Produces
@ApplicationScoped
CamelContext context = new CustomCamelContext();

class CustomCamelContext extends DefaultCamelContext {

    CustomCamelContext() {
        setName("custom");
    }
}
----

This pattern can be used for example to avoid having the Camel context
routes started automatically when the container initializes by calling
the `setAutoStartup` method, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@ApplicationScoped
class ManualStartupCamelContext extends DefaultCamelContext {

    @PostConstruct
    void manual() {
        setAutoStartup(false);
    }
}
----

== Configuration properties

To configure the sourcing of the configuration properties used by Camel
to resolve properties placeholders, you can declare
a `PropertiesComponent` bean qualified with `@Named("properties")`,
e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@Produces
@ApplicationScoped
@Named("properties")
PropertiesComponent propertiesComponent() {
    Properties properties = new Properties();
    properties.put("property", "value");
    PropertiesComponent component = new PropertiesComponent();
    component.setInitialProperties(properties);
    component.setLocation("classpath:placeholder.properties");
    return component;
}
----

If you want to
use http://deltaspike.apache.org/documentation/configuration.html[DeltaSpike
configuration mechanism] you can declare the
following `PropertiesComponent` bean:

[source,java]
----
@Produces
@ApplicationScoped
@Named("properties")
PropertiesComponent properties(PropertiesParser parser) {
    PropertiesComponent component = new PropertiesComponent();
    component.setPropertiesParser(parser);
    return component;
}

// PropertiesParser bean that uses DeltaSpike to resolve properties
static class DeltaSpikeParser extends DefaultPropertiesParser {
    @Override
    public String parseProperty(String key, String value, Properties properties) {
        return ConfigResolver.getPropertyValue(key);
    }
}
----

You can see the `camel-example-cdi-properties` example for a working
example of a Camel CDI application using DeltaSpike configuration
mechanism.

== Auto-configured type converters

CDI beans annotated with the `@Converter` annotation are automatically
registered into the deployed Camel contexts, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@Converter
public class MyTypeConverter {

    @Converter
    public Output convert(Input input) {
        //...
    }
}
----

Note that CDI injection is supported within the type converters.

== Camel bean integration

=== Camel annotations

As part of the Camel http://camel.apache.org/bean-integration.html[bean
integration], Camel comes with a set
of http://camel.apache.org/bean-integration.html#BeanIntegration-Annotations[annotations] that
are seamlessly supported by Camel CDI. So you can use any of these
annotations in your CDI beans, e.g.:

[width="100%",cols="1,2a,2a",options="header",]
|===
|  |Camel annotation |CDI equivalent
|Configuration property a|
[source,java]
----
@PropertyInject("key")
String value;
----

 a|
If using
http://deltaspike.apache.org/documentation/configuration.html[DeltaSpike
configuration mechanism]:

[source,java]
----
@Inject
@ConfigProperty(name = "key")
String value;
----

See configuration properties for more details.

|Producer template injection (default Camel context) a|
[source,java]
----
@Produce("mock:outbound")
ProducerTemplate producer;

// or using fluent template
@Produce("mock:outbound")
FluentProducerTemplate producer;
----

 a|
[source,java]
----
@Inject
@Uri("direct:outbound")
ProducerTemplate producer;

// or using fluent template
@Produce("direct:outbound")
FluentProducerTemplate producer;
----

|Endpoint injection (default Camel context) a|
[source,java]
----
@EndpointInject("direct:inbound")
Endpoint endpoint;
----

 a|
[source,java]
----
@Inject
@Uri("direct:inbound")
Endpoint endpoint;
----

----
@Inject
@Uri("direct:inbound")
Endpoint contextEndpoint;
----

|Bean injection (by type) a|
[source,java]
----
@BeanInject
MyBean bean;
----

 a|
[source,java]
----
@Inject
MyBean bean;
----

|Bean injection (by name) a|
[source,java]
----
@BeanInject("foo")
MyBean bean;
----

 a|
[source,java]
----
@Inject
@Named("foo")
MyBean bean;
----

|POJO consuming a|
[source,java]
----
@Consume("seda:inbound")
void consume(@Body String body) {
    //...
}
----

 | 
|===

=== Bean component

You can refer to CDI beans, either by type or name, From the Camel DSL,
e.g. with the Java Camel DSL:

[source,java]
----
class MyBean {
    //...
}

from("direct:inbound").bean(MyBean.class);
----

Or to lookup a CDI bean by name from the Java DSL:

[source,java]
----
@Named("foo")
class MyNamedBean {
    //...
}

from("direct:inbound").bean("foo");
----

=== Referring beans from Endpoint URIs

When configuring endpoints using the URI syntax you can refer to beans
in the Registry using the `pass:[#]` notation. If the URI
parameter value starts with a `pass:[#]` sign then Camel CDI will lookup for a
bean of the given type by name, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
from("jms:queue:{{destination}}?transacted=true&transactionManager=#jtaTransactionManager").to("...");
----

Having the following CDI bean qualified
with `@Named("jtaTransactionManager")`:

[source,java]
----
@Produces
@Named("jtaTransactionManager")
PlatformTransactionManager createTransactionManager(TransactionManager transactionManager, UserTransaction userTransaction) {
    JtaTransactionManager jtaTransactionManager = new JtaTransactionManager();
    jtaTransactionManager.setUserTransaction(userTransaction);
    jtaTransactionManager.setTransactionManager(transactionManager);
    jtaTransactionManager.afterPropertiesSet();
    return jtaTransactionManager;
}
----

== Camel events to CDI events

Camel provides a set
of https://www.javadoc.io/doc/org.apache.camel/camel-api/latest/org/apache/camel/spi/CamelEvent.html[events] 
that can be subscribed to for listening to Camel context,
service, route and exchange events. Camel CDI seamlessly translates
these Camel events into CDI events that can be observed using
CDI https://docs.jboss.org/cdi/spec/2.0/cdi-spec.html#observer_methods[observer
methods], e.g.:

[source,java]
----
void onContextStarting(@Observes CamelContextStartingEvent event) {
    // Called before the default Camel context is about to start
}
----

It is possible to observe events for a particular route (`RouteAddedEvent`,
`RouteStartedEvent`, `RouteStoppedEvent` and `RouteRemovedEvent`) should it have
an explicit defined, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
from("...").routeId("foo").to("...");

void onRouteStarted(@Observes @Named("foo") RouteStartedEvent event) {
    // Called after the route "foo" has started
}
----

Similarly, the `@Default` qualifier can be used to observe Camel events
for the _default_ Camel context if multiples contexts exist, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
void onExchangeCompleted(@Observes @Default ExchangeCompletedEvent event) {
    // Called after the exchange 'event.getExchange()' processing has completed
}
----

In that example, if no qualifier is specified, the `@Any` qualifier is
implicitly assumed, so that corresponding events for all the Camel
contexts get received.

Note that the support for Camel events translation into CDI events is
only activated if observer methods listening for Camel events are
detected in the deployment, and that per Camel context.

== CDI events endpoint

The CDI event endpoint bridges
the http://docs.jboss.org/cdi/spec/1.2/cdi-spec.html#events[CDI
events] with the Camel routes so that CDI events can be seamlessly
observed / consumed (resp. produced / fired) from Camel consumers (resp.
by Camel producers).

The `CdiEventEndpoint<T>` bean provided by Camel CDI can be used to
observe / consume CDI events whose _event type_ is `T`, for example:

[source,java]
----
@Inject
CdiEventEndpoint<String> cdiEventEndpoint;

from(cdiEventEndpoint).log("CDI event received: ${body}");
----

This is equivalent to writing:

[source,java]
----
@Inject
@Uri("direct:event")
ProducerTemplate producer;

void observeCdiEvents(@Observes String event) {
    producer.sendBody(event);
}

from("direct:event").log("CDI event received: ${body}");
----

Conversely, the `CdiEventEndpoint<T>` bean can be used to produce / fire
CDI events whose _event type_ is `T`, for example:

[source,java]
----
@Inject
CdiEventEndpoint<String> cdiEventEndpoint;

from("direct:event").to(cdiEventEndpoint).log("CDI event sent: ${body}");
----

This is equivalent to writing:

[source,java]
----
@Inject
Event<String> event;

from("direct:event").process(new Processor() {
    @Override
    public void process(Exchange exchange) {
        event.fire(exchange.getBody(String.class));
    }
}).log("CDI event sent: ${body}");
----

Or using a Java 8 lambda expression:

[source,java]
----
@Inject
Event<String> event;

from("direct:event")
    .process(exchange -> event.fire(exchange.getIn().getBody(String.class)))
    .log("CDI event sent: ${body}");
----

The type variable `T` (resp. the qualifiers) of a
particular `CdiEventEndpoint<T>` injection point are automatically
translated into the parameterized _event type_ (resp. into the _event
qualifiers_) e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@Inject
@FooQualifier
CdiEventEndpoint<List<String>> cdiEventEndpoint;

from("direct:event").to(cdiEventEndpoint);

void observeCdiEvents(@Observes @FooQualifier List<String> event) {
    logger.info("CDI event: {}", event);
}
----

Note that the CDI event Camel endpoint dynamically adds
an http://docs.jboss.org/cdi/spec/1.2/cdi-spec.html#observer_methods[observer
method] for each unique combination of _event type_ and _event
qualifiers_ and solely relies on the container
typesafe http://docs.jboss.org/cdi/spec/1.2/cdi-spec.html#observer_resolution[observer
resolution], which leads to an implementation as efficient as possible.

Besides, as the impedance between the _typesafe_ nature of CDI and
the _dynamic_ nature of
the http://camel.apache.org/component.html[Camel component] model is
quite high, it is not possible to create an instance of the CDI event
Camel endpoint via http://camel.apache.org/uris.html[URIs]. Indeed, the
URI format for the CDI event component is:

[source,text]
----
cdi-event://PayloadType<T1,...,Tn>[?qualifiers=QualifierType1[,...[,QualifierTypeN]...]]
----

With the authority `PayloadType` (resp. the `QualifierType`) being the
URI escaped fully qualified name of the payload (resp. qualifier) raw
type followed by the type parameters section delimited by angle brackets
for payload parameterized type. Which leads to _unfriendly_ URIs,
e.g.:

[source,text]
----
cdi-event://org.apache.camel.cdi.example.EventPayload%3Cjava.lang.Integer%3E?qualifiers=org.apache.camel.cdi.example.FooQualifier%2Corg.apache.camel.cdi.example.BarQualifier
----

But more fundamentally, that would prevent efficient binding between the
endpoint instances and the observer methods as the CDI container doesn't
have any ways of discovering the Camel context model during the
deployment phase.

== Camel XML configuration import

While CDI favors a typesafe dependency injection mechanism, it may be
useful to reuse existing Camel XML configuration files into a Camel CDI
application. In other use cases, it might be handy to rely on the Camel
XML DSL to configure its Camel context(s).

You can use the `@ImportResource` annotation that's provided by Camel
CDI on any CDI beans and Camel CDI will automatically load the Camel XML
configuration at the specified locations, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@ImportResource("camel-context.xml")
class MyBean {
}
----

Camel CDI will load the resources at the specified locations from the
classpath (other protocols may be added in the future).

Every `CamelContext` elements and other Camel _primitives_ from the
imported resources are automatically deployed as CDI beans during the
container bootstrap so that they benefit from the auto-configuration
provided by Camel CDI and become available for injection at runtime. If
such an element has an explicit `id` attribute set, the corresponding
CDI bean is qualified with the `@Named` qualifier, e.g., given the
following Camel XML configuration:

[source,xml]
----
<camelContext id="foo">
    <endpoint id="bar" uri="seda:inbound">
        <property key="queue" value="#queue"/>
        <property key="concurrentConsumers" value="10"/>
    </endpoint>
<camelContext/>
----

The corresponding CDI beans are automatically deployed and can be
injected, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@Inject
CamelContext context;

@Inject
@Named("bar")
Endpoint endpoint;
----

Conversely, CDI beans deployed in the application can be referred to
from the Camel XML configuration, usually using the `ref` attribute,
e.g., given the following bean declared:

[source,java]
----
@Produces
@Named("baz")
Processor processor = exchange -> exchange.getIn().setHeader("qux", "quux");
----

A reference to that bean can be declared in the imported Camel XML
configuration, e.g.:

[source,xml]
----
<camelContext id="foo">
    <route>
        <from uri="..."/>
        <process ref="baz"/>
    </route>
<camelContext/>
----


== Transaction support

Camel CDI provides support for Camel transactional client using JTA.

That support is optional hence you need to have JTA in your application classpath, e.g., by explicitly add JTA as a dependency when using Maven:

[source,xml]
----
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.transaction-api</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
----

You'll have to have your application deployed in a JTA capable container or provide a standalone JTA implementation.

[CAUTION]
====
Note that, for the time being, the transaction manager is looked up as JNDI resource with the `java:/TransactionManager` key.

More flexible strategies will be added in the future to support a wider range of deployment scenarios.
====

=== Transaction policies

Camel CDI provides implementation for the typically supported Camel `TransactedPolicy` as CDI beans. It is possible to have these policies looked up by name using the transacted EIP, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
class MyRouteBean extends RouteBuilder {

    @Override
    public void configure() {
        from("activemq:queue:foo")
            .transacted("PROPAGATION_REQUIRED")
            .bean("transformer")
            .to("jpa:my.application.entity.Bar")
            .log("${body.id} inserted");
    }
}
----

This would be equivalent to:

[source,java]
----
class MyRouteBean extends RouteBuilder {

    @Inject
    @Named("PROPAGATION_REQUIRED")
    Policy required;

    @Override
    public void configure() {
        from("activemq:queue:foo")
            .policy(required)
            .bean("transformer")
            .to("jpa:my.application.entity.Bar")
            .log("${body.id} inserted");
    }
}
----

The list of supported transaction policy names is:

- `PROPAGATION_NEVER`,
- `PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED`,
- `PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS`,
- `PROPAGATION_REQUIRED`,
- `PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW`,
- `PROPAGATION_NESTED`,
- `PROPAGATION_MANDATORY`.

=== Transactional error handler

Camel CDI provides a transactional error handler that extends the redelivery error handler, forces a rollback whenever an exception occurs and creates a new transaction for each redelivery.

Camel CDI provides the `CdiRouteBuilder` class that exposes the `transactionErrorHandler` helper method to enable quick access to the configuration, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
class MyRouteBean extends CdiRouteBuilder {

    @Override
    public void configure() {
        errorHandler(transactionErrorHandler()
            .setTransactionPolicy("PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS")
            .maximumRedeliveries(5)
            .maximumRedeliveryDelay(5000)
            .collisionAvoidancePercent(10)
            .backOffMultiplier(1.5));
    }
}
----


== Lazy Injection / Programmatic Lookup

While the CDI programmatic model favors a http://docs.jboss.org/cdi/spec/1.2/cdi-spec.html#typesafe_resolution[typesafe resolution]
mechanism that occurs at application initialization time, it is possible to perform
dynamic / lazy injection later during the application execution using the
http://docs.jboss.org/cdi/spec/1.2/cdi-spec.html#programmatic_lookup[programmatic lookup]
mechanism.

Camel CDI provides for convenience the annotation literals corresponding to the
CDI qualifiers that you can use for standard injection of Camel primitives.
These annotation literals can be used in conjunction with the `javax.enterprise.inject.Instance`
interface which is the CDI entry point to perform lazy injection / programmatic lookup.

For example, you can use the provided annotation literal for the `@Uri` qualifier
to lazily lookup for Camel primitives, e.g. for `ProducerTemplate` beans:

[source,java]
----
@Any
@Inject
Instance<ProducerTemplate> producers;

ProducerTemplate inbound = producers
    .select(Uri.Literal.of("direct:inbound"))
    .get();
----

Or for `Endpoint` beans, e.g.:

[source,java]
----
@Any
@Inject
Instance<Endpoint> endpoints;

MockEndpoint outbound = endpoints
    .select(MockEndpoint.class, Uri.Literal.of("mock:outbound"))
    .get();
----


== Maven Archetype

Among the available xref:manual::camel-maven-archetypes.adoc[Camel Maven
archetypes], you can use the provided `camel-archetype-cdi` to generate
a Camel CDI Maven project, e.g.:

[source,text]
----
mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.camel.archetypes -DarchetypeArtifactId=camel-archetype-cdi
----
