[[mock-component]]
== Mock Component

*Available as of Camel version 1.0*

Testing of distributed and asynchronous processing is
notoriously difficult. The <<mock-component,Mock>>, <<mock-component,Test>>
and <<dataset-component,DataSet>> endpoints work great with the
Camel Testing Framework to simplify your unit and
integration testing using
link:enterprise-integration-patterns.html[Enterprise Integration
Patterns] and Camel's large range of Components
together with the powerful Bean Integration.

The Mock component provides a powerful declarative testing mechanism,
which is similar to http://www.jmock.org[jMock] in
that it allows declarative expectations to be created on any Mock
endpoint before a test begins. Then the test is run, which typically
fires messages to one or more endpoints, and finally the expectations
can be asserted in a test case to ensure the system worked as expected.

This allows you to test various things like:

* The correct number of messages are received on each endpoint,
* The correct payloads are received, in the right order,
* Messages arrive on an endpoint in order, using some
Expression to create an order testing function,
* Messages arrive match some kind of Predicate such
as that specific headers have certain values, or that parts of the
messages match some predicate, such as by evaluating an
<<xpath-language,XPath>> or <<xpath-language,XQuery>>
Expression.

[NOTE]
There is also the <<test-component,Test endpoint>> which is a
Mock endpoint, but which uses a second endpoint to provide the list of
expected message bodies and automatically sets up the Mock endpoint
assertions. In other words, it's a Mock endpoint that automatically sets
up its assertions from some sample messages in a File
or <<jpa-component,database>>, for example.

[CAUTION]
*Mock endpoints keep received Exchanges in memory indefinitely.* +
 +
Remember that Mock is designed for testing. When you add Mock endpoints
to a route, each Exchange sent to the endpoint will
be stored (to allow for later validation) in memory until explicitly
reset or the JVM is restarted. If you are sending high volume and/or
large messages, this may cause excessive memory use. If your goal is to
test deployable routes inline, consider using
NotifyBuilder or
AdviceWith in your tests instead of adding Mock
endpoints to routes directly. +
 +
From Camel 2.10 onwards there are two new options `retainFirst`, and
`retainLast` that can be used to limit the number of messages the Mock
endpoints keep in memory.


=== URI format

[source]
----
mock:someName[?options]
----

Where `someName` can be any string that uniquely identifies the
endpoint.

You can append query options to the URI in the following format,
`?option=value&option=value&...`

=== Options




// component options: START
The Mock component has no options.
// component options: END






// endpoint options: START
The Mock endpoint is configured using URI syntax:

----
mock:name
----

with the following path and query parameters:

==== Path Parameters (1 parameters):


[width="100%",cols="2,5,^1,2",options="header"]
|===
| Name | Description | Default | Type
| *name* | *Required* Name of mock endpoint |  | String
|===


==== Query Parameters (10 parameters):


[width="100%",cols="2,5,^1,2",options="header"]
|===
| Name | Description | Default | Type
| *assertPeriod* (producer) | Sets a grace period after which the mock endpoint will re-assert to ensure the preliminary assertion is still valid. This is used for example to assert that exactly a number of messages arrives. For example if link expectedMessageCount(int) was set to 5, then the assertion is satisfied when 5 or more message arrives. To ensure that exactly 5 messages arrives, then you would need to wait a little period to ensure no further message arrives. This is what you can use this link setAssertPeriod(long) method for. By default this period is disabled. | 0 | long
| *expectedCount* (producer) | Specifies the expected number of message exchanges that should be received by this endpoint. Beware: If you want to expect that 0 messages, then take extra care, as 0 matches when the tests starts, so you need to set a assert period time to let the test run for a while to make sure there are still no messages arrived; for that use link setAssertPeriod(long). An alternative is to use NotifyBuilder, and use the notifier to know when Camel is done routing some messages, before you call the link assertIsSatisfied() method on the mocks. This allows you to not use a fixed assert period, to speedup testing times. If you want to assert that exactly n'th message arrives to this mock endpoint, then see also the link setAssertPeriod(long) method for further details. | -1 | int
| *reportGroup* (producer) | A number that is used to turn on throughput logging based on groups of the size. |  | int
| *resultMinimumWaitTime* (producer) | Sets the minimum expected amount of time (in millis) the link assertIsSatisfied() will wait on a latch until it is satisfied | 0 | long
| *resultWaitTime* (producer) | Sets the maximum amount of time (in millis) the link assertIsSatisfied() will wait on a latch until it is satisfied | 0 | long
| *retainFirst* (producer) | Specifies to only retain the first n'th number of received Exchanges. This is used when testing with big data, to reduce memory consumption by not storing copies of every Exchange this mock endpoint receives. Important: When using this limitation, then the link getReceivedCounter() will still return the actual number of received Exchanges. For example if we have received 5000 Exchanges, and have configured to only retain the first 10 Exchanges, then the link getReceivedCounter() will still return 5000 but there is only the first 10 Exchanges in the link getExchanges() and link getReceivedExchanges() methods. When using this method, then some of the other expectation methods is not supported, for example the link expectedBodiesReceived(Object...) sets a expectation on the first number of bodies received. You can configure both link setRetainFirst(int) and link setRetainLast(int) methods, to limit both the first and last received. | -1 | int
| *retainLast* (producer) | Specifies to only retain the last n'th number of received Exchanges. This is used when testing with big data, to reduce memory consumption by not storing copies of every Exchange this mock endpoint receives. Important: When using this limitation, then the link getReceivedCounter() will still return the actual number of received Exchanges. For example if we have received 5000 Exchanges, and have configured to only retain the last 20 Exchanges, then the link getReceivedCounter() will still return 5000 but there is only the last 20 Exchanges in the link getExchanges() and link getReceivedExchanges() methods. When using this method, then some of the other expectation methods is not supported, for example the link expectedBodiesReceived(Object...) sets a expectation on the first number of bodies received. You can configure both link setRetainFirst(int) and link setRetainLast(int) methods, to limit both the first and last received. | -1 | int
| *sleepForEmptyTest* (producer) | Allows a sleep to be specified to wait to check that this endpoint really is empty when link expectedMessageCount(int) is called with zero | 0 | long
| *copyOnExchange* (producer) | Sets whether to make a deep copy of the incoming Exchange when received at this mock endpoint. Is by default true. | true | boolean
| *synchronous* (advanced) | Sets whether synchronous processing should be strictly used, or Camel is allowed to use asynchronous processing (if supported). | false | boolean
|===
// endpoint options: END



=== Simple Example

Here's a simple example of Mock endpoint in use. First, the endpoint is
resolved on the context. Then we set an expectation, and then, after the
test has run, we assert that our expectations have been met:

[source,java]
----
MockEndpoint resultEndpoint = context.resolveEndpoint("mock:foo", MockEndpoint.class);

// set expectations
resultEndpoint.expectedMessageCount(2);

// send some messages

// now lets assert that the mock:foo endpoint received 2 messages
resultEndpoint.assertIsSatisfied();
----

You typically always call the
http://camel.apache.org/maven/current/camel-core/apidocs/org/apache/camel/component/mock/MockEndpoint.html#assertIsSatisfied()[`assertIsSatisfied()`]
method to test that the expectations were met after running a test.

Camel will by default wait 10 seconds when the `assertIsSatisfied()` is
invoked. This can be configured by setting the
`setResultWaitTime(millis)` method.

=== Using assertPeriod

*Available as of Camel 2.7* +
When the assertion is satisfied then Camel will stop waiting and
continue from the `assertIsSatisfied` method. That means if a new
message arrives on the mock endpoint, just a bit later, that arrival
will not affect the outcome of the assertion. Suppose you do want to
test that no new messages arrives after a period thereafter, then you
can do that by setting the `setAssertPeriod` method, for example:

[source,java]
----
MockEndpoint resultEndpoint = context.resolveEndpoint("mock:foo", MockEndpoint.class);
resultEndpoint.setAssertPeriod(5000);
resultEndpoint.expectedMessageCount(2);

// send some messages

// now lets assert that the mock:foo endpoint received 2 messages
resultEndpoint.assertIsSatisfied();
----

=== Setting expectations

You can see from the Javadoc of
http://camel.apache.org/maven/current/camel-core/apidocs/org/apache/camel/component/mock/MockEndpoint.html[MockEndpoint]
the various helper methods you can use to set expectations. The main
methods are as follows:

[width="100%",cols="1m,1",options="header",]
|===
|Method |Description
|http://camel.apache.org/maven/current/camel-core/apidocs/org/apache/camel/component/mock/MockEndpoint.html#expectedMessageCount(int)[expectedMessageCount(int)]
|To define the expected message count on the endpoint.

|http://camel.apache.org/maven/current/camel-core/apidocs/org/apache/camel/component/mock/MockEndpoint.html#expectedMinimumMessageCount(int)[expectedMinimumMessageCount(int)]
|To define the minimum number of expected messages on the endpoint.

|http://camel.apache.org/maven/current/camel-core/apidocs/org/apache/camel/component/mock/MockEndpoint.html#expectedBodiesReceived(java.lang.Object...)[expectedBodiesReceived(...)]
|To define the expected bodies that should be received (in order).

|http://camel.apache.org/maven/current/camel-core/apidocs/org/apache/camel/component/mock/MockEndpoint.html#expectedHeaderReceived(java.lang.String,%20java.lang.String)[expectedHeaderReceived(...)]
|To define the expected header that should be received

|http://camel.apache.org/maven/current/camel-core/apidocs/org/apache/camel/component/mock/MockEndpoint.html#expectsAscending(org.apache.camel.Expression)[expectsAscending(Expression)]
|To add an expectation that messages are received in order, using the
given Expression to compare messages.

|http://camel.apache.org/maven/current/camel-core/apidocs/org/apache/camel/component/mock/MockEndpoint.html#expectsDescending(org.apache.camel.Expression)[expectsDescending(Expression)]
|To add an expectation that messages are received in order, using the
given Expression to compare messages.

|http://camel.apache.org/maven/current/camel-core/apidocs/org/apache/camel/component/mock/MockEndpoint.html#expectsNoDuplicates(org.apache.camel.Expression)[expectsNoDuplicates(Expression)]
|To add an expectation that no duplicate messages are received; using an
Expression to calculate a unique identifier for
each message. This could be something like the `JMSMessageID` if using
JMS, or some unique reference number within the message.
|===

Here's another example:

[source,java]
----
resultEndpoint.expectedBodiesReceived("firstMessageBody", "secondMessageBody", "thirdMessageBody");
----

=== Adding expectations to specific messages

In addition, you can use the
http://camel.apache.org/maven/current/camel-core/apidocs/org/apache/camel/component/mock/MockEndpoint.html#message(int)[`message(int
messageIndex)`] method to add assertions about a specific message that is
received.

For example, to add expectations of the headers or body of the first
message (using zero-based indexing like `java.util.List`), you can use
the following code:

[source,java]
----
resultEndpoint.message(0).header("foo").isEqualTo("bar");
----

There are some examples of the Mock endpoint in use in the
https://github.com/apache/camel/tree/master/camel-core/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/processor/[`camel-core`
processor tests].

=== Mocking existing endpoints

*Available as of Camel 2.7*

Camel now allows you to automatically mock existing endpoints in your
Camel routes.

[NOTE]
*How it works* The endpoints are still in action. What happens differently
is that a <<mock-component,Mock>> endpoint is injected and receives the
message first and then delegates the message to the target endpoint. You
can view this as a kind of intercept and delegate or endpoint listener.

Suppose you have the given route below:

[source,java]
.*Route*
----
include::../../test/java/org/apache/camel/processor/interceptor/AdviceWithMockEndpointsTest.java[tags=route]
----

You can then use the `adviceWith` feature in Camel to mock all the
endpoints in a given route from your unit test, as shown below:

[source,java]
.*`adviceWith` mocking all endpoints*
----
include::../../test/java/org/apache/camel/processor/interceptor/AdviceWithMockEndpointsTest.java[tags=e1]
----

Notice that the mock endpoints is given the URI `mock:<endpoint>`, for
example `mock:direct:foo`. Camel logs at `INFO` level the endpoints
being mocked:

[source]
----
INFO  Adviced endpoint [direct://foo] with mock endpoint [mock:direct:foo]
----

[NOTE]
 **Mocked endpoints are without parameters** +
Endpoints which are mocked will have their parameters stripped off. For
example the endpoint `log:foo?showAll=true` will be mocked to the
following endpoint `mock:log:foo`. Notice the parameters have been
removed.

Its also possible to only mock certain endpoints using a pattern. For
example to mock all `log` endpoints you do as shown:

[source,java]
.*`adviceWith` mocking only log endpoints using a pattern*
----
include::../../test/java/org/apache/camel/processor/interceptor/AdviceWithMockEndpointsTest.java[tags=e2]
----

The pattern supported can be a wildcard or a regular expression. See
more details about this at Intercept as its the
same matching function used by Camel.

[NOTE]
Mind that mocking endpoints causes the messages to be copied when they
arrive on the mock. +
That means Camel will use more memory. This may not be suitable when you
send in a lot of messages.


=== Mocking existing endpoints using the `camel-test` component

Instead of using the `adviceWith` to instruct Camel to mock endpoints,
you can easily enable this behavior when using the `camel-test` Test
Kit.

The same route can be tested as follows. Notice that we return `"*"`
from the `isMockEndpoints` method, which tells Camel to mock all
endpoints.

If you only want to mock all `log` endpoints you can return `"log*"`
instead.

[source,java]
.*`isMockEndpoints` using camel-test kit*
----
include::../../../../components/camel-test/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/test/patterns/IsMockEndpointsJUnit4Test.java[tags=e1]
----


=== Mocking existing endpoints with XML DSL

If you do not use the `camel-test` component for unit testing (as shown
above) you can use a different approach when using XML files for
routes. +
The solution is to create a new XML file used by the unit test and then
include the intended XML file which has the route you want to test.

Suppose we have the route in the `camel-route.xml` file:

[source,xml]
.*camel-route.xml*
----
include::../../../../components/camel-spring/src/test/resources/org/apache/camel/spring/mock/camel-route.xml[tags=e1]
----

Then we create a new XML file as follows, where we include the
`camel-route.xml` file and define a spring bean with the class
`org.apache.camel.impl.InterceptSendToMockEndpointStrategy` which tells
Camel to mock all endpoints:

[source,xml]
.*test-camel-route.xml*
----
include::../../../../components/camel-spring/src/test/resources/org/apache/camel/spring/mock/InterceptSendToMockEndpointStrategyTest.xml[tags=e1]
----

Then in your unit test you load the new XML file
(`test-camel-route.xml`) instead of `camel-route.xml`.

To only mock all <<log-component,Log>> endpoints you can define the pattern
in the constructor for the bean:

[source,xml]
----
<bean id="mockAllEndpoints" class="org.apache.camel.impl.InterceptSendToMockEndpointStrategy">
    <constructor-arg index="0" value="log*"/>
</bean>
----

=== Mocking endpoints and skip sending to original endpoint

*Available as of Camel 2.10*

Sometimes you want to easily mock and skip sending to a certain
endpoints. So the message is detoured and send to the mock endpoint
only. From Camel 2.10 onwards you can now use the `mockEndpointsAndSkip`
method using AdviceWith or the
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/pages/createpage.action?spaceKey=CAMEL&title=Test+Kit&linkCreation=true&fromPageId=52081[Test
Kit]. The example below will skip sending to the two endpoints
`"direct:foo"`, and `"direct:bar"`.

[source,java]
.*adviceWith mock and skip sending to endpoints*
----
include::../../test/java/org/apache/camel/processor/interceptor/AdviceWithMockMultipleEndpointsWithSkipTest.java[tags=e1]
----

The same example using the Test Kit

[source,java]
.*isMockEndpointsAndSkip using camel-test kit*
----
include::../../../../components/camel-test/src/test/java/org/apache/camel/test/patterns/IsMockEndpointsAndSkipJUnit4Test.java[tags=e1]
----

=== Limiting the number of messages to keep

*Available as of Camel 2.10*

The <<mock-component,Mock>> endpoints will by default keep a copy of every
Exchange that it received. So if you test with a lot
of messages, then it will consume memory. +
From Camel 2.10 onwards we have introduced two options `retainFirst` and
`retainLast` that can be used to specify to only keep N'th of the first
and/or last Exchanges.

For example in the code below, we only want to retain a copy of the
first 5 and last 5 Exchanges the mock receives.

[source,java]
----
  MockEndpoint mock = getMockEndpoint("mock:data");
  mock.setRetainFirst(5);
  mock.setRetainLast(5);
  mock.expectedMessageCount(2000);

  mock.assertIsSatisfied();
----

Using this has some limitations. The `getExchanges()` and
`getReceivedExchanges()` methods on the `MockEndpoint` will return only
the retained copies of the Exchanges. So in the
example above, the list will contain 10 Exchanges;
the first five, and the last five. +
The `retainFirst` and `retainLast` options also have limitations on
which expectation methods you can use. For example the `expectedXXX`
methods that work on message bodies, headers, etc. will only operate on
the retained messages. In the example above they can test only the
expectations on the 10 retained messages.

=== Testing with arrival times

*Available as of Camel 2.7*

The <<mock-component,Mock>> endpoint stores the arrival time of the message
as a property on the Exchange.

[source,java]
----
Date time = exchange.getProperty(Exchange.RECEIVED_TIMESTAMP, Date.class);
----

You can use this information to know when the message arrived on the
mock. But it also provides foundation to know the time interval between
the previous and next message arrived on the mock. You can use this to
set expectations using the `arrives` DSL on the <<mock-component,Mock>>
endpoint.

For example to say that the first message should arrive between 0-2
seconds before the next you can do:

[source,java]
----
mock.message(0).arrives().noLaterThan(2).seconds().beforeNext();
----

You can also define this as that 2nd message (0 index based) should
arrive no later than 0-2 seconds after the previous:

[source,java]
----
mock.message(1).arrives().noLaterThan(2).seconds().afterPrevious();
----

You can also use between to set a lower bound. For example suppose that
it should be between 1-4 seconds:

[source,java]
----
mock.message(1).arrives().between(1, 4).seconds().afterPrevious();
----

You can also set the expectation on all messages, for example to say
that the gap between them should be at most 1 second:

[source,java]
----
mock.allMessages().arrives().noLaterThan(1).seconds().beforeNext();
----

[TIP]
*Time units* +
In the example above we use `seconds` as the time unit, but Camel offers
`milliseconds`, and `minutes` as well.


=== See Also

* Spring Testing
* Testing
