/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.camel.language.simple;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TimeZone;

import org.apache.camel.CamelAuthorizationException;
import org.apache.camel.CamelExecutionException;
import org.apache.camel.Exchange;
import org.apache.camel.ExchangePattern;
import org.apache.camel.Expression;
import org.apache.camel.ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException;
import org.apache.camel.InvalidPayloadException;
import org.apache.camel.LanguageTestSupport;
import org.apache.camel.Predicate;
import org.apache.camel.component.bean.MethodNotFoundException;
import org.apache.camel.impl.JndiRegistry;
import org.apache.camel.language.bean.RuntimeBeanExpressionException;
import org.apache.camel.language.simple.types.SimpleIllegalSyntaxException;
import org.apache.camel.spi.Language;

/**
 * @version
 */
public class SimpleTest extends LanguageTestSupport {

    private static final String JAVA8_INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG = "Index: 2, Size: 2";
    private static final String INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG = "Index 2 out-of-bounds for length 2";

    @Override
    protected JndiRegistry createRegistry() throws Exception {
        JndiRegistry jndi = super.createRegistry();
        jndi.bind("myAnimal", new Animal("Donkey", 17));
        return jndi;
    }

    public void testSimpleExpressionOrPredicate() throws Exception {
        Predicate predicate = SimpleLanguage.predicate("${header.bar} == 123");
        assertTrue(predicate.matches(exchange));

        predicate = SimpleLanguage.predicate("${header.bar} == 124");
        assertFalse(predicate.matches(exchange));

        Expression expression = SimpleLanguage.expression("${body}");
        assertEquals("<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>", expression.evaluate(exchange, String.class));

        expression = SimpleLanguage.simple("${body}");
        assertEquals("<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>", expression.evaluate(exchange, String.class));
        expression = SimpleLanguage.simple("${body}", String.class);
        assertEquals("<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>", expression.evaluate(exchange, String.class));

        expression = SimpleLanguage.simple("${header.bar} == 123", boolean.class);
        assertEquals(Boolean.TRUE, expression.evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
        expression = SimpleLanguage.simple("${header.bar} == 124", boolean.class);
        assertEquals(Boolean.FALSE, expression.evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
        expression = SimpleLanguage.simple("${header.bar} == 123", Boolean.class);
        assertEquals(Boolean.TRUE, expression.evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
        expression = SimpleLanguage.simple("${header.bar} == 124", Boolean.class);
        assertEquals(Boolean.FALSE, expression.evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
    }

    public void testResultType() throws Exception {
        assertEquals(123, SimpleLanguage.simple("${header.bar}", int.class).evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
        assertEquals("123", SimpleLanguage.simple("${header.bar}", String.class).evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
        // should not be possible
        assertEquals(null, SimpleLanguage.simple("${header.bar}", Date.class).evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
        assertEquals(null, SimpleLanguage.simple("${header.unknown}", String.class).evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
    }

    public void testRefExpression() throws Exception {
        assertExpressionResultInstanceOf("ref:myAnimal", Animal.class);
        assertExpressionResultInstanceOf("${ref:myAnimal}", Animal.class);

        assertExpression("ref:myAnimal", "Donkey");
        assertExpression("${ref:myAnimal}", "Donkey");
        assertExpression("ref:unknown", null);
        assertExpression("${ref:unknown}", null);
        assertExpression("Hello ${ref:myAnimal}", "Hello Donkey");
        assertExpression("Hello ${ref:unknown}", "Hello ");
    }

    public void testConstantExpression() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("Hello World", "Hello World");
    }

    public void testNull() throws Exception {
        assertNull(SimpleLanguage.simple("${null}").evaluate(exchange, Object.class));
    }

    public void testSimpleFileDir() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("file:mydir", "file:mydir");
    }

    public void testEmptyExpression() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("", "");
        assertExpression(" ", " ");
        try {
            assertExpression(null, null);
            fail("Should have thrown exception");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            assertEquals("expression must be specified", e.getMessage());
        }

        assertPredicate("", false);
        assertPredicate(" ", false);
        try {
            assertPredicate(null, false);
            fail("Should have thrown exception");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            assertEquals("expression must be specified", e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void testExchangeExpression() throws Exception {
        Expression exp = SimpleLanguage.simple("${exchange}");
        assertNotNull(exp);
        assertEquals(exchange, exp.evaluate(exchange, Object.class));

        assertExpression("exchange", exchange);
    }

    public void testExchangeOgnlExpression() throws Exception {
        Expression exp = SimpleLanguage.simple("${exchange.exchangeId}");
        assertNotNull(exp);
        assertEquals(exchange.getExchangeId(), exp.evaluate(exchange, Object.class));

        assertExpression("exchange.exchangeId", exchange.getExchangeId());
        assertExpression("exchange.class.name", "org.apache.camel.impl.DefaultExchange");
    }

    public void testBodyExpression() throws Exception {
        Expression exp = SimpleLanguage.simple("${body}");
        assertNotNull(exp);
    }

    public void testBodyOgnlExpression() throws Exception {
        Expression exp = SimpleLanguage.simple("${body.xxx}");
        assertNotNull(exp);
        
        // must start with a dot
        try {
            SimpleLanguage.simple("${bodyxxx}");
            fail("Should throw exception");
        } catch (SimpleIllegalSyntaxException e) {
            // expected
        }
    }

    public void testBodyExpressionUsingAlternativeStartToken() throws Exception {
        Expression exp = SimpleLanguage.simple("$simple{body}");
        assertNotNull(exp);
    }

    public void testBodyExpressionNotStringType() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody(123);
        Expression exp = SimpleLanguage.simple("${body}");
        assertNotNull(exp);
        Object val = exp.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);
        assertIsInstanceOf(Integer.class, val);
        assertEquals(123, val);
    }

    public void testBodyExpressionWithArray() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody(new MyClass());
        Expression exp = SimpleLanguage.simple("body.myArray");
        assertNotNull(exp);
        Object val = exp.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);
        assertIsInstanceOf(Object[].class, val);

        exp = SimpleLanguage.simple("body.myArray.length");
        assertNotNull(exp);
        val = exp.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);
        assertIsInstanceOf(Integer.class, val);
        assertEquals(3, val);
    }

    public void testSimpleExpressions() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("exchangeId", exchange.getExchangeId());
        assertExpression("id", exchange.getIn().getMessageId());
        assertExpression("body", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
        assertExpression("in.body", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
        assertExpression("in.header.foo", "abc");
        assertExpression("in.headers.foo", "abc");
        assertExpression("header.foo", "abc");
        assertExpression("headers.foo", "abc");
        assertExpression("routeId", exchange.getFromRouteId());
        exchange.setFromRouteId("myRouteId");
        assertExpression("routeId", "myRouteId");
    }

    public void testTrimSimpleExpressions() throws Exception {
        assertExpression(" \texchangeId\n".trim(), exchange.getExchangeId());
        assertExpression("\nid\r".trim(), exchange.getIn().getMessageId());
        assertExpression("\t\r body".trim(), "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
        assertExpression("\nin.body\r".trim(), "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
    }

    public void testSimpleThreadName() throws Exception {
        String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
        assertExpression("threadName", name);
        assertExpression("The name is ${threadName}", "The name is " + name);
    }

    public void testSimpleOutExpressions() throws Exception {
        exchange.getOut().setBody("Bye World");
        exchange.getOut().setHeader("quote", "Camel rocks");
        assertExpression("out.body", "Bye World");
        assertExpression("out.header.quote", "Camel rocks");
        assertExpression("out.headers.quote", "Camel rocks");
    }

    public void testSimplePropertyExpressions() throws Exception {
        exchange.setProperty("medal", "gold");
        assertExpression("property.medal", "gold");
    }

    public void testSimpleExchangePropertyExpressions() throws Exception {
        exchange.setProperty("medal", "gold");
        assertExpression("exchangeProperty.medal", "gold");
    }

    public void testSimpleSystemPropertyExpressions() throws Exception {
        System.setProperty("who", "I was here");
        assertExpression("sys.who", "I was here");
    }

    public void testSimpleSystemEnvironmentExpressions() throws Exception {
        String path = System.getenv("PATH");
        if (path != null) {
            assertExpression("sysenv.PATH", path);
        }
    }
    
    public void testSimpleSystemEnvironmentExpressionsIfLowercase() throws Exception {
        String path = System.getenv("PATH");
        if (path != null) {
            assertExpression("sysenv.path", path);
        }
    }

    public void testSimpleCamelId() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("camelId", context.getName());
    }

    public void testOGNLBodyListAndMap() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("cool", "Camel rocks");
        map.put("dude", "Hey dude");
        map.put("code", 4321);

        List<Map<String, Object>> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(map);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);

        assertExpression("${in.body[0][cool]}", "Camel rocks");
        assertExpression("${body[0][cool]}", "Camel rocks");
        assertExpression("${in.body[0][code]}", 4321);
        assertExpression("${body[0][code]}", 4321);
    }

    public void testOGNLBodyEmptyList() throws Exception {
        Map<String, List<String>> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("list", new ArrayList<String>());

        exchange.getIn().setBody(map);

        assertExpression("${in.body?.get('list')[0].toString}", null);
    }

    public void testOGNLBodyExpression() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("hello world");
        assertPredicate("${body} == 'hello world'", true);
        assertPredicate("${body.toUpperCase()} == 'HELLO WORLD'", true);
    }

    public void testOGNLBodyAsExpression() throws Exception {
        byte[] body = "hello world".getBytes();
        exchange.getIn().setBody(body);

        // there is no upper case method on byte array, but we can convert to String as below
        try {
            assertPredicate("${body.toUpperCase()} == 'HELLO WORLD'", true);
            fail("Should throw exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            MethodNotFoundException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(MethodNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
            assertEquals("toUpperCase()", cause.getMethodName());
        }

        assertPredicate("${bodyAs(String)} == 'hello world'", true);
        assertPredicate("${bodyAs(String).toUpperCase()} == 'HELLO WORLD'", true);

        // and body on exchange should not be changed
        assertSame(body, exchange.getIn().getBody());
    }

    public void testOGNLMandatoryBodyAsExpression() throws Exception {
        byte[] body = "hello world".getBytes();
        exchange.getIn().setBody(body);

        // there is no upper case method on byte array, but we can convert to String as below
        try {
            assertPredicate("${body.toUpperCase()} == 'HELLO WORLD'", true);
            fail("Should throw exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            MethodNotFoundException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(MethodNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
            assertEquals("toUpperCase()", cause.getMethodName());
        }

        assertPredicate("${mandatoryBodyAs(String)} == 'hello world'", true);
        assertPredicate("${mandatoryBodyAs(String).toUpperCase()} == 'HELLO WORLD'", true);

        // and body on exchange should not be changed
        assertSame(body, exchange.getIn().getBody());
    }

    public void testOGNLCallReplace() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("cool", "Camel rocks");
        map.put("dude", "Hey dude");
        exchange.getIn().setHeaders(map);

        assertExpression("${headers.cool.replaceAll(\"rocks\", \"is so cool\")}", "Camel is so cool");
    }

    public void testOGNLBodyListAndMapAndMethod() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("camel", new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        map.put("amq", new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));

        List<Map<String, Object>> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(map);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);

        assertExpression("${in.body[0][camel].id}", 123);
        assertExpression("${in.body[0][camel].name}", "Camel in Action");
        assertExpression("${in.body[0][camel].getId}", 123);
        assertExpression("${in.body[0][camel].getName}", "Camel in Action");
        assertExpression("${body[0][camel].id}", 123);
        assertExpression("${body[0][camel].name}", "Camel in Action");
        assertExpression("${body[0][camel].getId}", 123);
        assertExpression("${body[0][camel].getName}", "Camel in Action");
    }

    public void testOGNLPropertyList() throws Exception {
        List<String> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add("Camel in Action");
        lines.add("ActiveMQ in Action");
        exchange.setProperty("wicket", lines);

        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[0]}", "Camel in Action");
        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[1]}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
        try {
            assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[2]}", "");
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
            if (getJavaMajorVersion() <= 8) {
                assertEquals(JAVA8_INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());    
            } else {
                assertEquals(INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
            }
            
        }
        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.unknown[cool]}", null);
    }

    public void testOGNLPropertyLinesList() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
        exchange.setProperty("wicket", lines);

        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[0].getId}", 123);
        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[1].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
        try {
            assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[2]}", "");
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
            if (getJavaMajorVersion() <= 8) {
                assertEquals(JAVA8_INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
            } else {
                assertEquals(INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
            }
        }
        assertExpression("${property.unknown[cool]}", null);
    }

    public void testOGNLPropertyMap() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("cool", "Camel rocks");
        map.put("dude", "Hey dude");
        map.put("code", 4321);
        exchange.setProperty("wicket", map);

        assertExpression("${property.wicket[cool]}", "Camel rocks");
        assertExpression("${property.wicket[dude]}", "Hey dude");
        assertExpression("${property.wicket[unknown]}", null);
        assertExpression("${property.wicket[code]}", 4321);
        // no header named unknown
        assertExpression("${property?.unknown[cool]}", null);
        assertExpression("${property.unknown[cool]}", null);
    }

    public void testOGNLExchangePropertyMap() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("cool", "Camel rocks");
        map.put("dude", "Hey dude");
        map.put("code", 4321);
        exchange.setProperty("wicket", map);

        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[cool]}", "Camel rocks");
        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[dude]}", "Hey dude");
        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[unknown]}", null);
        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[code]}", 4321);
        // no header named unknown
        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty?.unknown[cool]}", null);
        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.unknown[cool]}", null);
    }

    public void testOGNLPropertyMapWithDot() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("this.code", "This code");
        exchange.setProperty("wicket", map);

        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.wicket[this.code]}", "This code");
    }

    public void testOGNLPropertyMapNotMap() throws Exception {
        try {
            assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.foobar[bar]}", null);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
            assertEquals("Key: bar not found in bean: cba of type: java.lang.String using OGNL path [[bar]]", cause.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void testOGNLPropertyMapIllegalSyntax() throws Exception {
        try {
            assertExpression("${property.foobar[bar}", null);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Valid syntax: ${exchangeProperty.OGNL} was: property.foobar[bar at location 0"));
        }
    }

    public void testOGNLExchangePropertyMapIllegalSyntax() throws Exception {
        try {
            assertExpression("${exchangeProperty.foobar[bar}", null);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Valid syntax: ${exchangeProperty.OGNL} was: exchangeProperty.foobar[bar at location 0"));
        }
    }

    public void testOGNLHeaderEmptyTest() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("beer", "");
        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == ''", true);
        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == \"\"", true);
        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == ' '", false);
        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == \" \"", false);

        exchange.getIn().setHeader("beer", " ");
        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == ''", false);
        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == \"\"", false);
        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == ' '", true);
        assertPredicate("${header.beer} == \" \"", true);

        assertPredicate("${header.beer.toString().trim()} == ''", true);
        assertPredicate("${header.beer.toString().trim()} == \"\"", true);

        exchange.getIn().setHeader("beer", "   ");
        assertPredicate("${header.beer.trim()} == ''", true);
        assertPredicate("${header.beer.trim()} == \"\"", true);
    }

    public void testDateExpressions() throws Exception {
        Calendar inHeaderCalendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        inHeaderCalendar.set(1974, Calendar.APRIL, 20);
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("birthday", inHeaderCalendar.getTime());
        
        Calendar outHeaderCalendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        outHeaderCalendar.set(1975, Calendar.MAY, 21);
        exchange.getOut().setHeader("birthday", outHeaderCalendar.getTime());

        Calendar propertyCalendar = Calendar.getInstance();
        propertyCalendar.set(1976, Calendar.JUNE, 22);
        exchange.setProperty("birthday", propertyCalendar.getTime());

        assertExpression("date:header.birthday", inHeaderCalendar.getTime());
        assertExpression("date:header.birthday:yyyyMMdd", "19740420");
        assertExpression("date:header.birthday+24h:yyyyMMdd", "19740421");
        
        assertExpression("date:in.header.birthday", inHeaderCalendar.getTime());
        assertExpression("date:in.header.birthday:yyyyMMdd", "19740420");
        assertExpression("date:in.header.birthday+24h:yyyyMMdd", "19740421");
        
        assertExpression("date:out.header.birthday", outHeaderCalendar.getTime());
        assertExpression("date:out.header.birthday:yyyyMMdd", "19750521");
        assertExpression("date:out.header.birthday+24h:yyyyMMdd", "19750522");

        assertExpression("date:property.birthday", propertyCalendar.getTime());
        assertExpression("date:property.birthday:yyyyMMdd", "19760622");
        assertExpression("date:property.birthday+24h:yyyyMMdd", "19760623");

        try {
            assertExpression("date:yyyyMMdd", "19740420");
            fail("Should thrown an exception");
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            assertEquals("Command not supported for dateExpression: yyyyMMdd", e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void testDateAndTimeExpressions() throws Exception {
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        cal.set(1974, Calendar.APRIL, 20, 8, 55, 47);
        cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 123);
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("birthday", cal.getTime());

        assertExpression("date:header.birthday - 10s:yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss:SSS", "1974-04-20T08:55:37:123");
        assertExpression("date:header.birthday:yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss:SSS", "1974-04-20T08:55:47:123");
    }

    public void testDateWithTimezone() throws Exception {
        Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
        cal.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT+8"));
        cal.set(1974, Calendar.APRIL, 20, 8, 55, 47);
        cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 123);
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("birthday", cal.getTime());

        assertExpression("date-with-timezone:header.birthday:GMT+8:yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss:SSS", "1974-04-20T08:55:47:123");
        assertExpression("date-with-timezone:header.birthday:GMT:yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss:SSS", "1974-04-20T00:55:47:123");
    }

    public void testDateNow() throws Exception {
        Object out = evaluateExpression("${date:now:hh:mm:ss a}", null);
        assertNotNull(out);
    }

    public void testDatePredicates() throws Exception {
        assertPredicate("${date:now} < ${date:now+60s}");
        assertPredicate("${date:now-2s+2s} == ${date:now}");
    }

    public void testLanguagesInContext() throws Exception {
        // evaluate so we know there is 1 language in the context
        assertExpression("id", exchange.getIn().getMessageId());

        assertEquals(1, context.getLanguageNames().size());
        assertEquals("simple", context.getLanguageNames().get(0));
    }

    public void testComplexExpressions() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("hey ${in.header.foo}", "hey abc");
        assertExpression("hey ${in.header.foo}!", "hey abc!");
        assertExpression("hey ${in.header.foo}-${in.header.foo}!", "hey abc-abc!");
        assertExpression("hey ${in.header.foo}${in.header.foo}", "hey abcabc");
        assertExpression("${in.header.foo}${in.header.foo}", "abcabc");
        assertExpression("${in.header.foo}", "abc");
        assertExpression("${in.header.foo}!", "abc!");
    }

    public void testComplexExpressionsUsingAlternativeStartToken() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header.foo}", "hey abc");
        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header.foo}!", "hey abc!");
        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header.foo}-$simple{in.header.foo}!", "hey abc-abc!");
        assertExpression("hey $simple{in.header.foo}$simple{in.header.foo}", "hey abcabc");
        assertExpression("$simple{in.header.foo}$simple{in.header.foo}", "abcabc");
        assertExpression("$simple{in.header.foo}", "abc");
        assertExpression("$simple{in.header.foo}!", "abc!");
    }

    public void testInvalidComplexExpression() throws Exception {
        try {
            assertExpression("hey ${foo", "bad expression!");
            fail("Should have thrown an exception!");
        } catch (SimpleIllegalSyntaxException e) {
            assertEquals(8, e.getIndex());
        }
    }

    public void testPredicates() throws Exception {
        assertPredicate("body");
        assertPredicate("header.foo");
        assertPredicate("header.madeUpHeader", false);
    }

    public void testExceptionMessage() throws Exception {
        exchange.setException(new IllegalArgumentException("Just testing"));
        assertExpression("exception.message", "Just testing");
        assertExpression("Hello ${exception.message} World", "Hello Just testing World");
    }

    public void testExceptionStacktrace() throws Exception {
        exchange.setException(new IllegalArgumentException("Just testing"));

        String out = SimpleLanguage.simple("exception.stacktrace").evaluate(exchange, String.class);
        assertNotNull(out);
        assertTrue(out.startsWith("java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Just testing"));
        assertTrue(out.contains("at org.apache.camel.language."));
    }

    public void testException() throws Exception {
        exchange.setException(new IllegalArgumentException("Just testing"));

        Exception out = SimpleLanguage.simple("exception").evaluate(exchange, Exception.class);
        assertNotNull(out);
        assertIsInstanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class, out);
        assertEquals("Just testing", out.getMessage());
    }

    public void testBodyAs() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("${bodyAs(String)}", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
        assertExpression("${bodyAs('String')}", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");

        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);
        assertExpression("${bodyAs('String')}", null);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(456);
        assertExpression("${bodyAs(Integer)}", 456);
        assertExpression("${bodyAs(int)}", 456);
        assertExpression("${bodyAs('int')}", 456);

        try {
            assertExpression("${bodyAs(XXX)}", 456);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (CamelExecutionException e) {
            assertIsInstanceOf(ClassNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
        }
    }

    public void testMandatoryBodyAs() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs(String)}", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");
        assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs('String')}", "<hello id='m123'>world!</hello>");

        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);
        try {
            assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs('String')}", "");
            fail("Should have thrown exception");
        } catch (CamelExecutionException e) {
            assertIsInstanceOf(InvalidPayloadException.class, e.getCause());
        }

        exchange.getIn().setBody(456);
        assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs(Integer)}", 456);
        assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs(int)}", 456);
        assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs('int')}", 456);

        try {
            assertExpression("${mandatoryBodyAs(XXX)}", 456);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (CamelExecutionException e) {
            assertIsInstanceOf(ClassNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
        }
    }

    public void testHeaderEmptyBody() throws Exception {
        // set an empty body
        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);

        assertExpression("header.foo", "abc");
        assertExpression("headers.foo", "abc");
        assertExpression("in.header.foo", "abc");
        assertExpression("in.headers.foo", "abc");
        assertExpression("${header.foo}", "abc");
        assertExpression("${headers.foo}", "abc");
        assertExpression("${in.header.foo}", "abc");
        assertExpression("${in.headers.foo}", "abc");
    }

    public void testHeadersWithBracket() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("headers[foo]", "abc");
        assertExpression("${headers[foo]}", "abc");
        assertExpression("${in.headers[foo]}", "abc");
    }

    public void testOnglOnHeadersWithBracket() throws Exception {
        assertOnglOnHeadersWithSquareBrackets("order");
        assertOnglOnHeadersWithSquareBrackets("purchase.order");
        assertOnglOnHeadersWithSquareBrackets("foo.bar.qux");
        assertOnglOnHeadersWithSquareBrackets("purchase order");
    }

    private void assertOnglOnHeadersWithSquareBrackets(String key) {
        exchange.getIn().setHeader(key, new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        assertExpression("headers[" + key + "].name", "Camel in Action");
        assertExpression("${headers[" + key + "].name}", "Camel in Action");
        assertExpression("${in.headers[" + key + "].name}", "Camel in Action");
        assertExpression("${in.headers['" + key + "'].name}", "Camel in Action");
    }

    public void testOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket() throws Exception {
        assertOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket("order");
        assertOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket("purchase.order");
        assertOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket("foo.bar.qux");
        assertOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket("purchase order");
    }

    public void assertOnglOnExchangePropertiesWithBracket(String key) throws Exception {
        exchange.setProperty(key, new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        assertExpression("exchangeProperty[" + key + "].name", "Camel in Action");
        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty[" + key + "].name}", "Camel in Action");
        assertExpression("${exchangeProperty['" + key + "'].name}", "Camel in Action");
    }

    public void testIsInstanceOfEmptyBody() throws Exception {
        // set an empty body
        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);

        try {
            assertPredicate("${body} is null", false);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (SimpleIllegalSyntaxException e) {
            assertEquals(11, e.getIndex());
        }
    }

    public void testHeaders() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> headers = exchange.getIn().getHeaders();
        assertEquals(2, headers.size());

        assertExpression("headers", headers);
        assertExpression("${headers}", headers);
        assertExpression("in.headers", headers);
        assertExpression("${in.headers}", headers);
    }

    public void testHeaderKeyWithSpace() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> headers = exchange.getIn().getHeaders();
        headers.put("some key", "Some Value");
        assertEquals(3, headers.size());

        assertExpression("${headerAs(foo,String)}", "abc");
        assertExpression("${headerAs(some key,String)}", "Some Value");
        assertExpression("${headerAs('some key',String)}", "Some Value");

        assertExpression("${header[foo]}", "abc");
        assertExpression("${header[some key]}", "Some Value");
        assertExpression("${header['some key']}", "Some Value");

        assertExpression("${headers[foo]}", "abc");
        assertExpression("${headers[some key]}", "Some Value");
        assertExpression("${headers['some key']}", "Some Value");
    }

    public void testHeaderAs() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("${headerAs(foo,String)}", "abc");

        assertExpression("${headerAs(bar,int)}", 123);
        assertExpression("${headerAs(bar, int)}", 123);
        assertExpression("${headerAs('bar', int)}", 123);
        assertExpression("${headerAs('bar','int')}", 123);
        assertExpression("${headerAs('bar','Integer')}", 123);
        assertExpression("${headerAs('bar',\"int\")}", 123);
        assertExpression("${headerAs(bar,String)}", "123");

        assertExpression("${headerAs(unknown,String)}", null);

        try {
            assertExpression("${headerAs(unknown String)}", null);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Valid syntax: ${headerAs(key, type)} was: headerAs(unknown String)"));
        }

        try {
            assertExpression("${headerAs(fool,String).test}", null);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Valid syntax: ${headerAs(key, type)} was: headerAs(fool,String).test"));
        }

        try {
            assertExpression("${headerAs(bar,XXX)}", 123);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (CamelExecutionException e) {
            assertIsInstanceOf(ClassNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
        }
    }

    public void testIllegalSyntax() throws Exception {
        try {
            assertExpression("hey ${xxx} how are you?", "");
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Unknown function: xxx at location 4"));
        }

        try {
            assertExpression("${xxx}", "");
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Unknown function: xxx at location 0"));
        }

        try {
            assertExpression("${bodyAs(xxx}", "");
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Valid syntax: ${bodyAs(type)} was: bodyAs(xxx"));
        }
    }

    public void testOGNLHeaderList() throws Exception {
        List<String> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add("Camel in Action");
        lines.add("ActiveMQ in Action");
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("wicket", lines);

        assertExpression("${header.wicket[0]}", "Camel in Action");
        assertExpression("${header.wicket[1]}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
        try {
            assertExpression("${header.wicket[2]}", "");
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
            if (getJavaMajorVersion() <= 8) {
                assertEquals(JAVA8_INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
            } else {
                assertEquals(INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
            }
        }
        assertExpression("${header.unknown[cool]}", null);
    }

    public void testOGNLHeaderLinesList() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("wicket", lines);

        assertExpression("${header.wicket[0].getId}", 123);
        assertExpression("${header.wicket[1].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
        try {
            assertExpression("${header.wicket[2]}", "");
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
            if (getJavaMajorVersion() <= 8) {
                assertEquals(JAVA8_INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
            } else {
                assertEquals(INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS_ERROR_MSG, cause.getMessage());
            }
        }
        assertExpression("${header.unknown[cool]}", null);
    }

    public void testOGNLHeaderMap() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("cool", "Camel rocks");
        map.put("dude", "Hey dude");
        map.put("code", 4321);
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("wicket", map);

        assertExpression("${header.wicket[cool]}", "Camel rocks");
        assertExpression("${header.wicket[dude]}", "Hey dude");
        assertExpression("${header.wicket[unknown]}", null);
        assertExpression("${header.wicket[code]}", 4321);
        // no header named unknown
        assertExpression("${header?.unknown[cool]}", null);
        assertExpression("${header.unknown[cool]}", null);
    }

    public void testOGNLHeaderMapWithDot() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("this.code", "This code");
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("wicket", map);

        assertExpression("${header.wicket[this.code]}", "This code");
    }

    public void testOGNLHeaderMapNotMap() throws Exception {
        try {
            assertExpression("${header.foo[bar]}", null);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
            assertEquals("Key: bar not found in bean: abc of type: java.lang.String using OGNL path [[bar]]", cause.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void testOGNLHeaderMapIllegalSyntax() throws Exception {
        try {
            assertExpression("${header.foo[bar}", null);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException e) {
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().startsWith("Valid syntax: ${header.name[key]} was: header.foo[bar"));
        }
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLAsMap() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("foo", "Camel");
        map.put("bar", 6);
        exchange.getIn().setBody(map);

        assertExpression("${in.body[foo]}", "Camel");
        assertExpression("${in.body[bar]}", 6);
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLAsMapWithDot() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("foo.bar", "Camel");
        exchange.getIn().setBody(map);

        assertExpression("${in.body[foo.bar]}", "Camel");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLAsMapShorthand() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("foo", "Camel");
        map.put("bar", 6);
        exchange.getIn().setBody(map);

        assertExpression("${body[foo]}", "Camel");
        assertExpression("${body[bar]}", 6);
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLSimple() throws Exception {
        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);

        assertExpression("${in.body.getName}", "Camel");
        assertExpression("${in.body.getAge}", 6);
    }

    public void testExceptionOGNLSimple() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setHeader(Exchange.AUTHENTICATION_FAILURE_POLICY_ID, "myPolicy");
        exchange.setProperty(Exchange.EXCEPTION_CAUGHT, new CamelAuthorizationException("The camel authorization exception", exchange));

        assertExpression("${exception.getPolicyId}", "myPolicy");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLSimpleShorthand() throws Exception {
        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);

        assertExpression("${in.body.name}", "Camel");
        assertExpression("${in.body.age}", 6);
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLSimpleOperator() throws Exception {
        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
        camel.setFriend(tiger);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);

        assertPredicate("${in.body.getName} contains 'Camel'", true);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.getName} contains 'Tiger'", false);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.getAge} < 10", true);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.getAge} > 10", false);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.getAge} <= '6'", true);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.getAge} > '6'", false);

        assertPredicate("${in.body.getAge} < ${body.getFriend.getAge}", true);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.getFriend.isDangerous} == true", true);
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLSimpleOperatorShorthand() throws Exception {
        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
        camel.setFriend(tiger);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);

        assertPredicate("${in.body.name} contains 'Camel'", true);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.name} contains 'Tiger'", false);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.age} < 10", true);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.age} > 10", false);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.age} <= '6'", true);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.age} > '6'", false);

        assertPredicate("${in.body.age} < ${body.friend.age}", true);
        assertPredicate("${in.body.friend.dangerous} == true", true);
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLNested() throws Exception {
        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
        camel.setFriend(tiger);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);

        assertExpression("${in.body.getName}", "Camel");
        assertExpression("${in.body.getAge}", 6);

        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.getName}", "Tony the Tiger");
        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.getAge}", "13");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLNestedShorthand() throws Exception {
        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
        camel.setFriend(tiger);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);

        assertExpression("${in.body.name}", "Camel");
        assertExpression("${in.body.age}", 6);

        assertExpression("${in.body.friend.name}", "Tony the Tiger");
        assertExpression("${in.body.friend.age}", "13");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLOrderList() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
        Order order = new Order(lines);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);

        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[0].getId}", 123);
        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[0].getName}", "Camel in Action");

        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[1].getId}", 456);
        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[1].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");

        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last].getId}", 456);
        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");

        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last-1].getId}", 123);
        assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last-1].getName}", "Camel in Action");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListShorthand() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
        Order order = new Order(lines);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);

        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[0].id}", 123);
        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[0].name}", "Camel in Action");

        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[1].id}", 456);
        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[1].name}", "ActiveMQ in Action");

        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last].id}", 456);
        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last].name}", "ActiveMQ in Action");

        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last-1].id}", 123);
        assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last-1].name}", "Camel in Action");

        assertExpression("${in.body.lines.size}", 2);
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLListMap() throws Exception {
        List<Map<String, String>> grid = new ArrayList<>();
        Map<String, String> cells = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        cells.put("ABC", "123");
        cells.put("DEF", "456");
        grid.add(cells);

        Map<String, String> cells2 = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        cells2.put("HIJ", "789");
        grid.add(cells2);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(grid);

        assertExpression("${in.body[0][ABC]}", "123");
        assertExpression("${in.body[0][DEF]}", "456");
        assertExpression("${in.body[0]['ABC']}", "123");
        assertExpression("${in.body[0]['DEF']}", "456");
        assertExpression("${in.body[1][HIJ]}", "789");
        assertExpression("${in.body[1]['HIJ']}", "789");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLList() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));

        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);

        assertExpression("${in.body[0].getId}", 123);
        assertExpression("${in.body[0].getName}", "Camel in Action");

        assertExpression("${in.body[1].getId}", 456);
        assertExpression("${in.body[1].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLListShorthand() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));

        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);

        assertExpression("${in.body[0].id}", 123);
        assertExpression("${in.body[0].name}", "Camel in Action");

        assertExpression("${in.body[1].id}", 456);
        assertExpression("${in.body[1].name}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLArray() throws Exception {
        OrderLine[] lines = new OrderLine[2];
        lines[0] = new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action");
        lines[1] = new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action");

        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);

        assertExpression("${in.body[0].getId}", 123);
        assertExpression("${in.body[0].getName}", "Camel in Action");

        assertExpression("${in.body[1].getId}", 456);
        assertExpression("${in.body[1].getName}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLArrayShorthand() throws Exception {
        OrderLine[] lines = new OrderLine[2];
        lines[0] = new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action");
        lines[1] = new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action");

        exchange.getIn().setBody(lines);

        assertExpression("${in.body[0].id}", 123);
        assertExpression("${in.body[0].name}", "Camel in Action");

        assertExpression("${in.body[1].id}", 456);
        assertExpression("${in.body[1].name}", "ActiveMQ in Action");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
        Order order = new Order(lines);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);

        try {
            assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[3].getId}", 123);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
            assertTrue(cause.getMessage().startsWith("Index: 3, Size: 2 out of bounds with List from bean"));
        }

        try {
            assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last-2].getId}", 123);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
            assertTrue(cause.getMessage().startsWith("Index: -1, Size: 2 out of bounds with List from bean"));
        }

        try {
            assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[last - XXX].getId}", 123);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException.class, e.getCause());
            assertEquals("last - XXX", cause.getExpression());
        }
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListOutOfBoundsShorthand() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
        Order order = new Order(lines);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);

        try {
            assertExpression("${in.body.lines[3].id}", 123);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
            assertTrue(cause.getMessage().startsWith("Index: 3, Size: 2 out of bounds with List from bean"));
        }

        try {
            assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last - 2].id}", 123);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            IndexOutOfBoundsException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(IndexOutOfBoundsException.class, e.getCause());
            assertTrue(cause.getMessage().startsWith("Index: -1, Size: 2 out of bounds with List from bean"));
        }

        try {
            assertExpression("${in.body.lines[last - XXX].id}", 123);
            fail("Should have thrown an exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(ExpressionIllegalSyntaxException.class, e.getCause());
            assertEquals("last - XXX", cause.getExpression());
        }
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListOutOfBoundsWithNullSafe() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
        Order order = new Order(lines);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);

        assertExpression("${in.body?.getLines[3].getId}", null);
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListOutOfBoundsWithNullSafeShorthand() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
        Order order = new Order(lines);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);

        assertExpression("${in.body?.lines[3].id}", null);
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListNoMethodNameWithNullSafe() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
        Order order = new Order(lines);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);

        try {
            assertExpression("${in.body.getLines[0]?.getRating}", "");
            fail("Should have thrown exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            MethodNotFoundException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(MethodNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
            assertEquals("getRating", cause.getMethodName());
        }
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLOrderListNoMethodNameWithNullSafeShorthand() throws Exception {
        List<OrderLine> lines = new ArrayList<>();
        lines.add(new OrderLine(123, "Camel in Action"));
        lines.add(new OrderLine(456, "ActiveMQ in Action"));
        Order order = new Order(lines);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(order);

        try {
            assertExpression("${in.body.lines[0]?.rating}", "");
            fail("Should have thrown exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            MethodNotFoundException cause = assertIsInstanceOf(MethodNotFoundException.class, e.getCause());
            assertEquals("rating", cause.getMethodName());
        }
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLNullSafeToAvoidNPE() throws Exception {
        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
        camel.setFriend(tiger);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);

        assertExpression("${in.body.getName}", "Camel");
        assertExpression("${in.body.getAge}", 6);

        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.getName}", "Tony the Tiger");
        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.getAge}", "13");

        // using null safe to avoid the NPE
        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend?.getFriend.getName}", null);
        try {
            // without null safe we get an NPE
            assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.getFriend.getName}", "");
            fail("Should have thrown exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            assertEquals("Failed to invoke method: .getFriend.getFriend.getName on org.apache.camel.language.simple.SimpleTest.Animal"
                + " due last method returned null and therefore cannot continue to invoke method .getName on a null instance", e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLNullSafeToAvoidNPEShorthand() throws Exception {
        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
        camel.setFriend(tiger);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);

        assertExpression("${in.body.name}", "Camel");
        assertExpression("${in.body.age}", 6);

        // just to mix it a bit
        assertExpression("${in.body.friend.getName}", "Tony the Tiger");
        assertExpression("${in.body.getFriend.age}", "13");

        // using null safe to avoid the NPE
        assertExpression("${in.body.friend?.friend.name}", null);
        try {
            // without null safe we get an NPE
            assertExpression("${in.body.friend.friend.name}", "");
            fail("Should have thrown exception");
        } catch (RuntimeBeanExpressionException e) {
            assertEquals("Failed to invoke method: .friend.friend.name on org.apache.camel.language.simple.SimpleTest.Animal"
                + " due last method returned null and therefore cannot continue to invoke method .name on a null instance", e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLReentrant() throws Exception {
        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
        Animal elephant = new Animal("Big Ella", 48);

        camel.setFriend(tiger);
        tiger.setFriend(elephant);
        elephant.setFriend(camel);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);

        assertExpression("${body.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getName}", "Camel");
        assertExpression("${body.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getName}", "Tony the Tiger");
        assertExpression("${body.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getFriend.getName}", "Big Ella");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLReentrantShorthand() throws Exception {
        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
        Animal elephant = new Animal("Big Ella", 48);

        camel.setFriend(tiger);
        tiger.setFriend(elephant);
        elephant.setFriend(camel);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);

        assertExpression("${body.friend.friend.friend.name}", "Camel");
        assertExpression("${body.friend.friend.friend.friend.name}", "Tony the Tiger");
        assertExpression("${body.friend.friend.friend.friend.friend.name}", "Big Ella");
    }

    public void testBodyOGNLBoolean() throws Exception {
        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
        exchange.getIn().setBody(tiger);

        assertExpression("${body.isDangerous}", "true");
        assertExpression("${body.dangerous}", "true");

        Animal camel = new Animal("Camel", 6);
        exchange.getIn().setBody(camel);

        assertExpression("${body.isDangerous}", "false");
        assertExpression("${body.dangerous}", "false");
    }

    public void testBodyOgnlOnString() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("Camel");

        assertExpression("${body.substring(2)}", "mel");
        assertExpression("${body.substring(2, 4)}", "me");
        assertExpression("${body.length()}", 5);
        assertExpression("${body.toUpperCase()}", "CAMEL");
        assertExpression("${body.toUpperCase()}", "CAMEL");
        assertExpression("${body.toUpperCase().substring(2)}", "MEL");
        assertExpression("${body.toLowerCase().length()}", 5);
    }

    public void testBodyOgnlOnStringWithOgnlParams() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("Camel");
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("max", 4);
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("min", 2);

        assertExpression("${body.substring(${header.min}, ${header.max})}", "me");
    }

    public void testHeaderOgnlOnStringWithOgnlParams() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("name", "Camel");
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("max", 4);
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("min", 2);

        assertExpression("${header.name.substring(${header.min}, ${header.max})}", "me");
    }

    public void testCamelContextStartRoute() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody(null);

        assertExpression("${camelContext.startRoute('foo')}", null);
    }

    public void testBodyOgnlReplace() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("Kamel is a cool Kamel");

        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"Kamel\", \"Camel\")}", "Camel is a cool Camel");
    }

    public void testBodyOgnlReplaceEscapedChar() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("foo$bar$baz");

        assertExpression("${body.replace('$', '-')}", "foo-bar-baz");
    }

    public void testBodyOgnlReplaceEscapedBackslashChar() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("foo\\bar\\baz");

        assertExpression("${body.replace('\\', '\\\\')}", "foo\\\\bar\\\\baz");
    }

    public void testBodyOgnlReplaceFirst() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("http:camel.apache.org");

        assertExpression("${body.replaceFirst('http:', 'http4:')}", "http4:camel.apache.org");
        assertExpression("${body.replaceFirst('http:', '')}", "camel.apache.org");
        assertExpression("${body.replaceFirst('http:', ' ')}", " camel.apache.org");
        assertExpression("${body.replaceFirst('http:',    ' ')}", " camel.apache.org");
        assertExpression("${body.replaceFirst('http:',' ')}", " camel.apache.org");
    }

    public void testBodyOgnlReplaceSingleQuoteInDouble() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("Hello O'Conner");

        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"O'C\", \"OC\")}", "Hello OConner");
        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"O'C\", \"O C\")}", "Hello O Conner");
        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"O'C\", \"O-C\")}", "Hello O-Conner");
        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"O'C\", \"O''C\")}", "Hello O''Conner");
        assertExpression("${body.replace(\"O'C\", \"O\n'C\")}", "Hello O\n'Conner");
    }

    public void testBodyOgnlSpaces() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("Hello World");

        // no quotes, which is discouraged to use
        assertExpression("${body.compareTo(Hello World)}", 0);

        assertExpression("${body.compareTo('Hello World')}", 0);
        assertExpression("${body.compareTo(${body})}", 0);
        assertExpression("${body.compareTo('foo')}", "Hello World".compareTo("foo"));

        assertExpression("${body.compareTo( 'Hello World' )}", 0);
        assertExpression("${body.compareTo( ${body} )}", 0);
        assertExpression("${body.compareTo( 'foo' )}", "Hello World".compareTo("foo"));
    }

    public void testClassSimpleName() throws Exception {
        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
        exchange.getIn().setBody(tiger);

        assertExpression("${body.getClass().getSimpleName()}", "Animal");
        assertExpression("${body.getClass.getSimpleName}", "Animal");
        assertExpression("${body.class.simpleName}", "Animal");
    }

    public void testExceptionClassSimpleName() throws Exception {
        Animal tiger = new Animal("Tony the Tiger", 13);
        exchange.getIn().setBody(tiger);

        Exception cause = new IllegalArgumentException("Forced");
        exchange.setException(cause);

        assertExpression("${exception.getClass().getSimpleName()}", "IllegalArgumentException");
        assertExpression("${exception.getClass.getSimpleName}", "IllegalArgumentException");
        assertExpression("${exception.class.simpleName}", "IllegalArgumentException");
    }

    public void testSlashBeforeHeader() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("foo/${header.foo}", "foo/abc");
        assertExpression("foo\\${header.foo}", "foo\\abc");
    }

    public void testJSonLike() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("Something");

        assertExpression("{\n\"data\": \"${body}\"\n}", "{\n\"data\": \"Something\"\n}");
    }

    public void testFunctionEnds() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("Something");

        assertExpression("{{", "{{");
        assertExpression("}}", "}}");
        assertExpression("{{}}", "{{}}");
        assertExpression("{{foo}}", "{{foo}}");
        assertExpression("{{${body}}}", "{{Something}}");
        assertExpression("{{${body}-${body}}}", "{{Something-Something}}");
    }

    public void testEscape() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("Something");

        // slash foo
        assertExpression("\\foo", "\\foo");

        assertExpression("\\n${body}", "\nSomething");
        assertExpression("\\t${body}", "\tSomething");
        assertExpression("\\r${body}", "\rSomething");
        assertExpression("\\n\\r${body}", "\n\rSomething");
        assertExpression("\\n${body}\\n", "\nSomething\n");
        assertExpression("\\t${body}\\t", "\tSomething\t");
        assertExpression("\\r${body}\\r", "\rSomething\r");
        assertExpression("\\n\\r${body}\\n\\r", "\n\rSomething\n\r");

        assertExpression("$${body}", "$Something");
    }

    public void testEscapeEndFunction() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("Something");

        assertExpression("{hello\\}", "{hello}");
        assertExpression("${body}{hello\\}", "Something{hello}");
    }

    public void testCamelContextOGNL() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("${camelContext.getName()}", context.getName());
        assertExpression("${camelContext.version}", context.getVersion());
    }

    public void testTypeConstant() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.Exchange.FILE_NAME}", Exchange.FILE_NAME);
        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.ExchangePattern.InOut}", ExchangePattern.InOut);

        // non existing fields
        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.ExchangePattern.}", null);
        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.ExchangePattern.UNKNOWN}", null);
    }

    public void testTypeConstantInnerClass() throws Exception {
        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.language.simple.Constants$MyInnerStuff.FOO}", 123);
        assertExpression("${type:org.apache.camel.language.simple.Constants.BAR}", 456);
    }

    public void testStringArrayLength() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody(new String[]{"foo", "bar"});
        assertExpression("${body[0]}", "foo");
        assertExpression("${body[1]}", "bar");
        assertExpression("${body.length}", 2);

        exchange.getIn().setBody(new String[]{"foo", "bar", "beer"});
        assertExpression("${body.length}", 3);
    }

    public void testByteArrayLength() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody(new byte[]{65, 66, 67});
        assertExpression("${body[0]}", 65);
        assertExpression("${body[1]}", 66);
        assertExpression("${body[2]}", 67);
        assertExpression("${body.length}", 3);
    }

    public void testIntArrayLength() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody(new int[]{1, 20, 300});
        assertExpression("${body[0]}", 1);
        assertExpression("${body[1]}", 20);
        assertExpression("${body[2]}", 300);
        assertExpression("${body.length}", 3);
    }

    public void testSimpleMapBoolean() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        exchange.getIn().setBody(map);

        map.put("isCredit", true);
        assertPredicate("${body[isCredit]} == true", true);
        assertPredicate("${body[isCredit]} == false", false);
        assertPredicate("${body['isCredit']} == true", true);
        assertPredicate("${body['isCredit']} == false", false);

        // wrong case
        assertPredicate("${body['IsCredit']} == true", false);

        map.put("isCredit", false);
        assertPredicate("${body[isCredit]} == true", false);
        assertPredicate("${body[isCredit]} == false", true);
        assertPredicate("${body['isCredit']} == true", false);
        assertPredicate("${body['isCredit']} == false", true);
    }

    public void testSimpleRegexp() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody("12345678");
        assertPredicate("${body} regex '\\d+'", true);
        assertPredicate("${body} regex '\\w{1,4}'", false);

        exchange.getIn().setBody("tel:+97444549697");
        assertPredicate("${body} regex '^(tel:\\+)(974)(44)(\\d+)|^(974)(44)(\\d+)'", true);

        exchange.getIn().setBody("97444549697");
        assertPredicate("${body} regex '^(tel:\\+)(974)(44)(\\d+)|^(974)(44)(\\d+)'", true);

        exchange.getIn().setBody("tel:+87444549697");
        assertPredicate("${body} regex '^(tel:\\+)(974)(44)(\\d+)|^(974)(44)(\\d+)'", false);

        exchange.getIn().setBody("87444549697");
        assertPredicate("${body} regex '^(tel:\\+)(974)(44)(\\d+)|^(974)(44)(\\d+)'", false);
    }

    public void testCollateEven() throws Exception {
        List<Object> data = new ArrayList<>();
        data.add("A");
        data.add("B");
        data.add("C");
        data.add("D");
        data.add("E");
        data.add("F");
        exchange.getIn().setBody(data);

        Iterator it = (Iterator) evaluateExpression("${collate(3)}", null);
        List chunk = (List) it.next();
        List chunk2 = (List) it.next();
        assertFalse(it.hasNext());

        assertEquals(3, chunk.size());
        assertEquals(3, chunk2.size());

        assertEquals("A", chunk.get(0));
        assertEquals("B", chunk.get(1));
        assertEquals("C", chunk.get(2));
        assertEquals("D", chunk2.get(0));
        assertEquals("E", chunk2.get(1));
        assertEquals("F", chunk2.get(2));
    }

    public void testCollateOdd() throws Exception {
        List<Object> data = new ArrayList<>();
        data.add("A");
        data.add("B");
        data.add("C");
        data.add("D");
        data.add("E");
        data.add("F");
        data.add("G");
        exchange.getIn().setBody(data);

        Iterator it = (Iterator) evaluateExpression("${collate(3)}", null);
        List chunk = (List) it.next();
        List chunk2 = (List) it.next();
        List chunk3 = (List) it.next();
        assertFalse(it.hasNext());

        assertEquals(3, chunk.size());
        assertEquals(3, chunk2.size());
        assertEquals(1, chunk3.size());

        assertEquals("A", chunk.get(0));
        assertEquals("B", chunk.get(1));
        assertEquals("C", chunk.get(2));
        assertEquals("D", chunk2.get(0));
        assertEquals("E", chunk2.get(1));
        assertEquals("F", chunk2.get(2));
        assertEquals("G", chunk3.get(0));
    }

    public void testRandomExpression() throws Exception {
        int min = 1;
        int max = 10;
        int iterations = 30;
        int i = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
            Expression expression = SimpleLanguage.simple("${random(1,10)}", Integer.class);
            assertTrue(min <= expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) && expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) < max);
        }
        for (i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
            Expression expression = SimpleLanguage.simple("${random(10)}", Integer.class);
            assertTrue(0 <= expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) && expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) < max);
        }
        Expression expression = SimpleLanguage.simple("${random(1, 10)}", Integer.class);
        assertTrue(min <= expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) && expression.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) < max);

        Expression expression1 = SimpleLanguage.simple("${random( 10)}", Integer.class);
        assertTrue(0 <= expression1.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) && expression1.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class) < max);

        try {
            assertExpression("${random(10,21,30)}", null);
            fail("Should have thrown exception");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            assertEquals("Valid syntax: ${random(min,max)} or ${random(max)} was: random(10,21,30)", e.getCause().getMessage());
        }
        try {
            assertExpression("${random()}", null);
            fail("Should have thrown exception");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            assertEquals("Valid syntax: ${random(min,max)} or ${random(max)} was: random()", e.getCause().getMessage());
        }

        exchange.getIn().setHeader("max", 20);
        Expression expression3 = SimpleLanguage.simple("${random(10,${header.max})}", Integer.class);
        int num = expression3.evaluate(exchange, Integer.class);
        assertTrue("Should be 10..20", num >= 0 && num < 20);
    }

    public void testListRemoveByInstance() throws Exception {
        List<Object> data = new ArrayList<>();
        data.add("A");
        data.add("B");
        exchange.getIn().setBody(data);

        assertEquals(2, data.size());

        Expression expression = SimpleLanguage.simple("${body.remove('A')}");
        expression.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);

        assertEquals(1, data.size());
        assertEquals("B", data.get(0));
    }

    public void testListRemoveIndex() throws Exception {
        List<Object> data = new ArrayList<>();
        data.add("A");
        data.add("B");
        exchange.getIn().setBody(data);

        assertEquals(2, data.size());

        Expression expression = SimpleLanguage.simple("${body.remove(0)}");
        expression.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);

        assertEquals(1, data.size());
        assertEquals("B", data.get(0));
    }

    public void testBodyOgnlOnAnimalWithOgnlParams() throws Exception {
        exchange.getIn().setBody(new Animal("tiger", 13));
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("friend", new Animal("donkey", 4));
        assertExpression("${body.setFriend(${header.friend})}", null);

        Animal animal = exchange.getIn().getBody(Animal.class);
        assertEquals("tiger", animal.getName());
        assertEquals(13, animal.getAge());
        assertNotNull("Should have a friend", animal.getFriend());
        assertEquals("donkey", animal.getFriend().getName());
        assertEquals(4, animal.getFriend().getAge());
    }

    public void testNestedTypeFunction() throws Exception {
        // when using type: function we need special logic to not lazy evaluate it so its evaluated only once
        // and won't fool Camel to think its a nested OGNL method call expression instead (CAMEL-10664)
        exchange.setProperty(Exchange.AUTHENTICATION, 123);
        String exp = "${exchangeProperty.${type:org.apache.camel.Exchange.AUTHENTICATION}.toString()}";
        assertExpression(exp, "123");

        exchange.getIn().setHeader("whichOne", "AUTHENTICATION");
        exchange.setProperty(Exchange.AUTHENTICATION, 456);
        exp = "${exchangeProperty.${type:org.apache.camel.Exchange.${header.whichOne}}.toString()}";
        assertExpression(exp, "456");
    }

    public void testListIndexByNestedFunction() throws Exception {
        List<String> alist = new ArrayList<>();
        alist.add("1");
        alist.add("99");
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("ITEMS", alist);
        exchange.getIn().setHeader("TOTAL_LOOPS", alist.size());

        String exp = "${header.ITEMS[${exchangeProperty.CamelLoopIndex}]}";

        exchange.setProperty(Exchange.LOOP_INDEX, 0);
        assertExpression(exp, "1");
        exchange.setProperty(Exchange.LOOP_INDEX, 1);
        assertExpression(exp, "99");
    }

    protected String getLanguageName() {
        return "simple";
    }

    protected void assertExpressionResultInstanceOf(String expressionText, Class<?> expectedType) {
        Language language = assertResolveLanguage(getLanguageName());
        Expression expression = language.createExpression(expressionText);
        assertNotNull("Cannot assert type when no type is provided", expectedType);
        assertNotNull("No Expression could be created for text: " + expressionText + " language: " + language, expression);
        Object answer = expression.evaluate(exchange, Object.class);
        assertIsInstanceOf(expectedType, answer);
    }

    public static final class Animal {
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private Animal friend;

        private Animal(String name, int age) {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }

        public Animal getFriend() {
            return friend;
        }

        public void setFriend(Animal friend) {
            this.friend = friend;
        }

        public boolean isDangerous() {
            return name.contains("Tiger");
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return name;
        }
    }

    public static final class Order {
        private List<OrderLine> lines;

        public Order(List<OrderLine> lines) {
            this.lines = lines;
        }

        public List<OrderLine> getLines() {
            return lines;
        }

        public void setLines(List<OrderLine> lines) {
            this.lines = lines;
        }
    }

    public static final class OrderLine {
        private int id;
        private String name;

        public OrderLine(int id, String name) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
        }

        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
    }

    public static class MyClass {
        public Object[] getMyArray() {
            return new Object[]{"Hallo", "World", "!"};
        }
    }
}
