# `plistlib` — Generate and parse Apple `.plist` files

Source code: Lib/plistlib.py

This module provides an interface for reading and writing the “property list” files used by Apple, primarily on macOS and iOS. This module supports both binary and XML plist files.

The property list (`.plist`) file format is a simple serialization supporting basic object types, like dictionaries, lists, numbers and strings. Usually the top level object is a dictionary.

To write out and to parse a plist file, use the `dump()` and `load()` functions.

To work with plist data in bytes objects, use `dumps()` and `loads()`.

Values can be strings, integers, floats, booleans, tuples, lists, dictionaries (but only with string keys), `bytes`, `bytearray` or `datetime.datetime` objects.

Changed in version 3.4: New API, old API deprecated. Support for binary format plists added.

Changed in version 3.8: Support added for reading and writing `UID` tokens in binary plists as used by NSKeyedArchiver and NSKeyedUnarchiver.

Changed in version 3.9: Old API removed.

See also

PList manual page

  Apple’s documentation of the file format.

This module defines the following functions:

`plistlib.``load`(fp, *, fmt=None, dict_type=dict)

  Read a plist file. fp should be a readable and binary file object. Return the unpacked root object (which usually is a dictionary).

  The fmt is the format of the file and the following values are valid:

  - `None`: Autodetect the file format

  - `FMT_XML`: XML file format

  - `FMT_BINARY`: Binary plist format

  The dict_type is the type used for dictionaries that are read from the plist file.

  XML data for the `FMT_XML` format is parsed using the Expat parser from `xml.parsers.expat` – see its documentation for possible exceptions on ill-formed XML. Unknown elements will simply be ignored by the plist parser.

  The parser for the binary format raises `InvalidFileException` when the file cannot be parsed.

  New in version 3.4.

`plistlib.``loads`(data, *, fmt=None, dict_type=dict)

  Load a plist from a bytes object. See `load()` for an explanation of the keyword arguments.

  New in version 3.4.

`plistlib.``dump`(value, fp, *, fmt=FMT_XML, sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False)

  Write value to a plist file. Fp should be a writable, binary file object.

  The fmt argument specifies the format of the plist file and can be one of the following values:

  - `FMT_XML`: XML formatted plist file

  - `FMT_BINARY`: Binary formatted plist file

  When sort_keys is true (the default) the keys for dictionaries will be written to the plist in sorted order, otherwise they will be written in the iteration order of the dictionary.

  When skipkeys is false (the default) the function raises `TypeError` when a key of a dictionary is not a string, otherwise such keys are skipped.

  A `TypeError` will be raised if the object is of an unsupported type or a container that contains objects of unsupported types.

  An `OverflowError` will be raised for integer values that cannot be represented in (binary) plist files.

  New in version 3.4.

`plistlib.``dumps`(value, *, fmt=FMT_XML, sort_keys=True, skipkeys=False)

  Return value as a plist-formatted bytes object. See the documentation for `dump()` for an explanation of the keyword arguments of this function.

  New in version 3.4.

The following classes are available:

class `plistlib.``UID`(data)

  Wraps an `int`. This is used when reading or writing NSKeyedArchiver encoded data, which contains UID (see PList manual).

  It has one attribute, `data`, which can be used to retrieve the int value of the UID. `data` must be in the range `0 <= data < 2**64`.

  New in version 3.8.

The following constants are available:

`plistlib.``FMT_XML`

  The XML format for plist files.

  New in version 3.4.

`plistlib.``FMT_BINARY`

  The binary format for plist files

  New in version 3.4.

## Examples

Generating a plist:

    import datetime
    import plistlib

    pl = dict(
        aString = "Doodah",
        aList = ["A", "B", 12, 32.1, [1, 2, 3]],
        aFloat = 0.1,
        anInt = 728,
        aDict = dict(
            anotherString = "<hello & hi there!>",
            aThirdString = "M\xe4ssig, Ma\xdf",
            aTrueValue = True,
            aFalseValue = False,
        ),
        someData = b"<binary gunk>",
        someMoreData = b"<lots of binary gunk>" * 10,
        aDate = datetime.datetime.now()
    )
    print(plistlib.dumps(pl).decode())

Parsing a plist:

    import plistlib

    plist = b"""<plist version="1.0">
    <dict>
        <key>foo</key>
        <string>bar</string>
    </dict>
    </plist>"""
    pl = plistlib.loads(plist)
    print(pl["foo"])