# TGSI

TGSI, Tungsten Graphics Shader Infrastructure, is an intermediate language for describing shaders. Since Gallium is inherently shaderful, shaders are an important part of the API. TGSI is the only intermediate representation used by all drivers.

## Basics

All TGSI instructions, known as opcodes, operate on arbitrary-precision floating-point four-component vectors. An opcode may have up to one destination register, known as dst, and between zero and three source registers, called src0 through src2, or simply src if there is only one.

Some instructions, like `I2F`, permit re-interpretation of vector components as integers. Other instructions permit using registers as two-component vectors with double precision; see Double ISA.

When an instruction has a scalar result, the result is usually copied into each of the components of dst. When this happens, the result is said to be replicated to dst. `RCP` is one such instruction.

### Source Modifiers

TGSI supports 32-bit negate and absolute value modifiers on floating-point inputs, and 32-bit integer negates on some drivers. The negate applies after absolute value if both are present.

The type of an input can be found by `tgsi_opcode_infer_src_type()`, and TGSI_OPCODE_MOV and the second and third operands of TGSI_OPCODE_UCMP (which return TGSI_TYPE_UNTYPED) are also considered floats for the purpose of source modifiers.

### Other Modifiers

The saturate modifier clamps 32-bit destination stores to [0.0, 1.0].

For arithmetic instruction having a precise modifier certain optimizations which may alter the result are disallowed. Example: add(mul(a,b),c) can’t be optimized to TGSI_OPCODE_MAD, because some hardware only supports the fused MAD instruction.

## Instruction Set

### Core ISA

These opcodes are guaranteed to be available regardless of the driver being used.

ARL (Address Register Load)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (int) \lfloor src.x\rfloor\\dst.y = (int) \lfloor src.y\rfloor\\dst.z = (int) \lfloor src.z\rfloor\\dst.w = (int) \lfloor src.w\rfloor\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

MOV (Move)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src.x\\dst.y = src.y\\dst.z = src.z\\dst.w = src.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

LIT (Light Coefficients)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = 1\\dst.y = max(src.x, 0)\\\begin{split}dst.z = \left\{ \begin{array}{ c l } max(src.y, 0)^{clamp(src.w, -128, 128)} & \quad \textrm{if } src.x \gt 0 \\ 0 & \quad \textrm{otherwise} \end{array} \right.\end{split}\\dst.w = 1\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

RCP (Reciprocal)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[dst = \frac{1}{src.x}\]

RSQ (Reciprocal Square Root)

  This instruction replicates its result. The results are undefined for src <= 0.

  \[dst = \frac{1}{\sqrt{src.x}}\]

SQRT (Square Root)

  This instruction replicates its result. The results are undefined for src < 0.

  \[dst = {\sqrt{src.x}}\]

EXP (Approximate Exponential Base 2)
  \[\begin{split}dst.x &= 2^{\lfloor src.x\rfloor} \\ dst.y &= src.x - \lfloor src.x\rfloor \\ dst.z &= 2^{src.x} \\ dst.w &= 1\end{split}\]

LOG (Approximate Logarithm Base 2)
  \[\begin{split}dst.x &= \lfloor\log_2{|src.x|}\rfloor \\ dst.y &= \frac{|src.x|}{2^{\lfloor\log_2{|src.x|}\rfloor}} \\ dst.z &= \log_2{|src.x|} \\ dst.w &= 1\end{split}\]

MUL (Multiply)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \times src1.x\\dst.y = src0.y \times src1.y\\dst.z = src0.z \times src1.z\\dst.w = src0.w \times src1.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ADD (Add)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x + src1.x\\dst.y = src0.y + src1.y\\dst.z = src0.z + src1.z\\dst.w = src0.w + src1.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DP3 (3-component Dot Product)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[\begin{split}\begin{aligned} dst = & src0.x \times src1.x +\\ & src0.y \times src1.y +\\ & src0.z \times src1.z \end{aligned}\end{split}\]

DP4 (4-component Dot Product)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[\begin{split}\begin{aligned} dst = & src0.x \times src1.x +\\ & src0.y \times src1.y +\\ & src0.z \times src1.z +\\ & src0.w \times src1.w \end{aligned}\end{split}\]

DST (Distance Vector)
  \[\begin{split}dst.x &= 1\\ dst.y &= src0.y \times src1.y\\ dst.z &= src0.z\\ dst.w &= src1.w\end{split}\]

MIN (Minimum)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = min(src0.x, src1.x)\\dst.y = min(src0.y, src1.y)\\dst.z = min(src0.z, src1.z)\\dst.w = min(src0.w, src1.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

MAX (Maximum)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = max(src0.x, src1.x)\\dst.y = max(src0.y, src1.y)\\dst.z = max(src0.z, src1.z)\\dst.w = max(src0.w, src1.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

SLT (Set On Less Than)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x < src1.x) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.y = (src0.y < src1.y) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.z = (src0.z < src1.z) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.w = (src0.w < src1.w) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

SGE (Set On Greater Equal Than)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x >= src1.x) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.y = (src0.y >= src1.y) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.z = (src0.z >= src1.z) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.w = (src0.w >= src1.w) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

MAD (Multiply And Add)

  Perform a * b + c. The implementation is free to decide whether there is an intermediate rounding step or not.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \times src1.x + src2.x\\dst.y = src0.y \times src1.y + src2.y\\dst.z = src0.z \times src1.z + src2.z\\dst.w = src0.w \times src1.w + src2.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

LRP (Linear Interpolate)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \times src1.x + (1 - src0.x) \times src2.x\\dst.y = src0.y \times src1.y + (1 - src0.y) \times src2.y\\dst.z = src0.z \times src1.z + (1 - src0.z) \times src2.z\\dst.w = src0.w \times src1.w + (1 - src0.w) \times src2.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

FMA (Fused Multiply-Add)

  Perform a * b + c with no intermediate rounding step.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \times src1.x + src2.x\\dst.y = src0.y \times src1.y + src2.y\\dst.z = src0.z \times src1.z + src2.z\\dst.w = src0.w \times src1.w + src2.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

FRC (Fraction)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src.x - \lfloor src.x\rfloor\\dst.y = src.y - \lfloor src.y\rfloor\\dst.z = src.z - \lfloor src.z\rfloor\\dst.w = src.w - \lfloor src.w\rfloor\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

FLR (Floor)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = \lfloor src.x\rfloor\\dst.y = \lfloor src.y\rfloor\\dst.z = \lfloor src.z\rfloor\\dst.w = \lfloor src.w\rfloor\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ROUND (Round)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = round(src.x)\\dst.y = round(src.y)\\dst.z = round(src.z)\\dst.w = round(src.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

EX2 (Exponential Base 2)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[dst = 2^{src.x}\]

LG2 (Logarithm Base 2)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[dst = \log_2{src.x}\]

POW (Power)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[dst = src0.x^{src1.x}\]

LDEXP (Multiply Number by Integral Power of 2)

  src1 is an integer.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x * 2^{src1.x}\\dst.y = src0.y * 2^{src1.y}\\dst.z = src0.z * 2^{src1.z}\\dst.w = src0.w * 2^{src1.w}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

COS (Cosine)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[dst = \cos{src.x}\]

DDX, DDX_FINE (Derivative Relative To X)

  The fine variant is only used when `pipe_caps.fs_fine_derivative` is advertised. When it is, the fine version guarantees one derivative per row while DDX is allowed to be the same for the entire 2x2 quad.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = partialx(src.x)\\dst.y = partialx(src.y)\\dst.z = partialx(src.z)\\dst.w = partialx(src.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DDY, DDY_FINE (Derivative Relative To Y)

  The fine variant is only used when `pipe_caps.fs_fine_derivative` is advertised. When it is, the fine version guarantees one derivative per column while DDY is allowed to be the same for the entire 2x2 quad.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = partialy(src.x)\\dst.y = partialy(src.y)\\dst.z = partialy(src.z)\\dst.w = partialy(src.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

PK2H (Pack Two 16-bit Floats)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[\begin{split}\begin{aligned} dst = & f32\_to\_f16(src.x) | \\ ( & f32\_to\_f16(src.y) \ll 16) \end{aligned}\end{split}\]

PK2US (Pack Two Unsigned 16-bit Scalars)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[\begin{split}\begin{aligned} dst = & f32\_to\_unorm16(src.x) | \\ ( & f32\_to\_unorm16(src.y) \ll 16) \end{aligned}\end{split}\]

PK4B (Pack Four Signed 8-bit Scalars)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[\begin{split}\begin{aligned} dst = & f32\_to\_snorm8(src.x) | \\ ( & f32\_to\_snorm8(src.y) \ll 8) | \\ ( & f32\_to\_snorm8(src.z) \ll 16) | \\ ( & f32\_to\_snorm8(src.w) \ll 24) \end{aligned}\end{split}\]

PK4UB (Pack Four Unsigned 8-bit Scalars)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[\begin{split}\begin{aligned} dst = & f32\_to\_unorm8(src.x) | \\ ( & f32\_to\_unorm8(src.y) \ll 8) | \\ ( & f32\_to\_unorm8(src.z) \ll 16) | \\ ( & f32\_to\_unorm8(src.w) \ll 24) \end{aligned}\end{split}\]

SEQ (Set On Equal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x == src1.x) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.y = (src0.y == src1.y) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.z = (src0.z == src1.z) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.w = (src0.w == src1.w) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

SGT (Set On Greater Than)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x > src1.x) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.y = (src0.y > src1.y) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.z = (src0.z > src1.z) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.w = (src0.w > src1.w) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

SIN (Sine)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[dst = \sin{src.x}\]

SLE (Set On Less Equal Than)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x <= src1.x) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.y = (src0.y <= src1.y) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.z = (src0.z <= src1.z) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.w = (src0.w <= src1.w) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

SNE (Set On Not Equal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x != src1.x) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.y = (src0.y != src1.y) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.z = (src0.z != src1.z) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\\dst.w = (src0.w != src1.w) ? 1.0F : 0.0F\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

TEX (Texture Lookup)

  for array textures src0.y contains the slice for 1D, and src0.z contain the slice for 2D.

  for shadow textures with no arrays (and not cube map), src0.z contains the reference value.

  for shadow textures with arrays, src0.z contains the reference value for 1D arrays, and src0.w contains the reference value for 2D arrays and cube maps.

  for cube map array shadow textures, the reference value cannot be passed in src0.w, and TEX2 must be used instead.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord = src0\\shadow\_ref = src0.z \textrm{ or } src0.w \textrm{ (optional)}\\unit = src1\\dst = texture\_sample(unit, coord, shadow\_ref)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

TEX2 (Texture Lookup (for shadow cube map arrays only))

  this is the same as TEX, but uses another reg to encode the reference value.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord = src0\\shadow\_ref = src1.x\\unit = src2\\dst = texture\_sample(unit, coord, shadow\_ref)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

TXD (Texture Lookup with Derivatives)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord = src0\\ddx = src1\\ddy = src2\\unit = src3\\dst = texture\_sample\_deriv(unit, coord, ddx, ddy)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

TXP (Projective Texture Lookup)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord.x = src0.x / src0.w\\coord.y = src0.y / src0.w\\coord.z = src0.z / src0.w\\coord.w = src0.w\\unit = src1\\dst = texture\_sample(unit, coord)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

UP2H (Unpack Two 16-Bit Floats)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = f16\_to\_f32(src0.x \& 0xffff)\\dst.y = f16\_to\_f32(src0.x \gg 16)\\dst.z = f16\_to\_f32(src0.x \& 0xffff)\\dst.w = f16\_to\_f32(src0.x \gg 16)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]
  Note

  Considered for removal.

UP2US (Unpack Two Unsigned 16-Bit Scalars)

  TBD

  Note

  Considered for removal.

UP4B (Unpack Four Signed 8-Bit Values)

  TBD

  Note

  Considered for removal.

UP4UB (Unpack Four Unsigned 8-Bit Scalars)

  TBD

  Note

  Considered for removal.

ARR (Address Register Load With Round)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (int) round(src.x)\\dst.y = (int) round(src.y)\\dst.z = (int) round(src.z)\\dst.w = (int) round(src.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

SSG (Set Sign)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src.x > 0) ? 1 : (src.x < 0) ? -1 : 0\\dst.y = (src.y > 0) ? 1 : (src.y < 0) ? -1 : 0\\dst.z = (src.z > 0) ? 1 : (src.z < 0) ? -1 : 0\\dst.w = (src.w > 0) ? 1 : (src.w < 0) ? -1 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

CMP (Compare)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x < 0) ? src1.x : src2.x\\dst.y = (src0.y < 0) ? src1.y : src2.y\\dst.z = (src0.z < 0) ? src1.z : src2.z\\dst.w = (src0.w < 0) ? src1.w : src2.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

KILL_IF (Conditional Discard)

  Conditional discard. Allowed in fragment shaders only.

  Pseudocode:

      if (src.x < 0 || src.y < 0 || src.z < 0 || src.w < 0)
         discard
      endif

KILL (Discard)

  Unconditional discard. Allowed in fragment shaders only.

DEMOTE (Demote Invocation to a Helper)

  This demotes the current invocation to a helper, but continues execution (while KILL may or may not terminate the invocation). After this runs, all the usual helper invocation rules apply about discarding buffer and render target writes. This is useful for having accurate derivatives in the other invocations which have not been demoted.

  Allowed in fragment shaders only.

READ_HELPER (Reads Invocation Helper Status)

  This is identical to `TGSI_SEMANTIC_HELPER_INVOCATION`, except this will read the current value, which might change as a result of a `DEMOTE` instruction.

  Allowed in fragment shaders only.

TXB (Texture Lookup With Bias)

  for cube map array textures and shadow cube maps, the bias value cannot be passed in src0.w, and TXB2 must be used instead.

  if the target is a shadow texture, the reference value is always in src.z (this prevents shadow 3d and shadow 2d arrays from using this instruction, but this is not needed).

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord.x = src0.x\\coord.y = src0.y\\coord.z = src0.z\\coord.w = none\\bias = src0.w\\unit = src1\\dst = texture\_sample(unit, coord, bias)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

TXB2 (Texture Lookup With Bias (some cube maps only))

  this is the same as TXB, but uses another reg to encode the LOD bias value for cube map arrays and shadow cube maps. Presumably shadow 2d arrays and shadow 3d targets could use this encoding too, but this is not legal.

  if the target is a shadow cube map array, the reference value is in src1.y.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord = src0\\bias = src1.x\\unit = src2\\dst = texture\_sample(unit, coord, bias)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DIV (Divide)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = \frac{src0.x}{src1.x}\\dst.y = \frac{src0.y}{src1.y}\\dst.z = \frac{src0.z}{src1.z}\\dst.w = \frac{src0.w}{src1.w}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DP2 (2-component Dot Product)

  This instruction replicates its result.

  \[\begin{split}\begin{aligned} dst = & src0.x \times src1.x + \\ & src0.y \times src1.y \end{aligned}\end{split}\]

TEX_LZ (Texture Lookup With LOD = 0)

  This is the same as TXL with LOD = 0. Like every texture opcode, it obeys pipe_sampler_view::u.tex.first_level and pipe_sampler_state::min_lod. There is no way to override those two in shaders.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord.x = src0.x\\coord.y = src0.y\\coord.z = src0.z\\coord.w = none\\lod = 0\\unit = src1\\dst = texture\_sample(unit, coord, lod)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

TXL (Texture Lookup With explicit LOD)

  for cube map array textures, the explicit LOD value cannot be passed in src0.w, and TXL2 must be used instead.

  if the target is a shadow texture, the reference value is always in src.z (this prevents shadow 3d / 2d array / cube targets from using this instruction, but this is not needed).

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord.x = src0.x\\coord.y = src0.y\\coord.z = src0.z\\coord.w = none\\lod = src0.w\\unit = src1\\dst = texture\_sample(unit, coord, lod)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

TXL2 (Texture Lookup With explicit LOD (for cube map arrays only))

  this is the same as TXL, but uses another reg to encode the explicit LOD value. Presumably shadow 3d / 2d array / cube targets could use this encoding too, but this is not legal.

  if the target is a shadow cube map array, the reference value is in src1.y.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord = src0\\lod = src1.x\\unit = src2\\dst = texture\_sample(unit, coord, lod)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

### Compute ISA

These opcodes are primarily provided for special-use computational shaders. Support for these opcodes indicated by a special pipe capability bit (TBD).

XXX doesn’t look like most of the opcodes really belong here.

CEIL (Ceiling)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = \lceil src.x\rceil\\dst.y = \lceil src.y\rceil\\dst.z = \lceil src.z\rceil\\dst.w = \lceil src.w\rceil\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

TRUNC (Truncate)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = trunc(src.x)\\dst.y = trunc(src.y)\\dst.z = trunc(src.z)\\dst.w = trunc(src.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

MOD (Modulus)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \bmod src1.x\\dst.y = src0.y \bmod src1.y\\dst.z = src0.z \bmod src1.z\\dst.w = src0.w \bmod src1.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

UARL (Integer Address Register Load)

  Moves the contents of the source register, assumed to be an integer, into the destination register, which is assumed to be an address (ADDR) register.

TXF (Texel Fetch)

  As per GL_NV_gpu_program4, extract a single texel from a specified texture image or PIPE_BUFFER resource. The source sampler may not be a CUBE or SHADOW. src0 is a four-component signed integer vector used to identify the single texel accessed. 3 components + level. If the texture is multisampled, then the fourth component indicates the sample, not the mipmap level. Just like texture instructions, an optional offset vector is provided, which is subject to various driver restrictions (regarding range, source of offsets). This instruction ignores the sampler state.

  TXF(uint_vec coord, int_vec offset).

TXQ (Texture Size Query)

  As per GL_NV_gpu_program4, retrieve the dimensions of the texture depending on the target. For 1D (width), 2D/RECT/CUBE (width, height), 3D (width, height, depth), 1D array (width, layers), 2D array (width, height, layers). Also return the number of accessible levels (last_level - first_level + 1) in W.

  For components which don’t return a resource dimension, their value is undefined.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}lod = src0.x\\dst.x = texture\_width(unit, lod)\\dst.y = texture\_height(unit, lod)\\dst.z = texture\_depth(unit, lod)\\dst.w = texture\_levels(unit)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

TXQS (Texture Samples Query)

  This retrieves the number of samples in the texture, and stores it into the x component as an unsigned integer. The other components are undefined. If the texture is not multisampled, this function returns (1, undef, undef, undef).

  \[dst.x = texture\_samples(unit)\]

TG4 (Texture Gather)

  As per GL_ARB_texture_gather, gathers the four texels to be used in a bi-linear filtering operation and packs them into a single register. Only works with 2D, 2D array, cubemaps, and cubemaps arrays. For 2D textures, only the addressing modes of the sampler and the top level of any mip pyramid are used. Set W to zero. It behaves like the TEX instruction, but a filtered sample is not generated. The four samples that contribute to filtering are placed into XYZW in clockwise order, starting with the (u,v) texture coordinate delta at the following locations (-, +), (+, +), (+, -), (-, -), where the magnitude of the deltas are half a texel.

  pipe_caps.texture_sm5 enhances this instruction to support shadow per-sample depth compares, single component selection, and a non-constant offset. It doesn’t allow support for the GL independent offset to get i0,j0. This would require another CAP is HW can do it natively. For now we lower that before TGSI.

  pipe_caps.tgsi_tg4_component_in_swizzle changes the encoding so that component is stored in the sampler source swizzle x.

  (without TGSI_TG4_COMPONENT_IN_SWIZZLE)

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord = src0\\component = src1\\dst = texture\_gather4 (unit, coord, component)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

  (with TGSI_TG4_COMPONENT_IN_SWIZZLE)

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord = src0\\dst = texture\_gather4 (unit, coord)\\\text{component is encoded in sampler swizzle.}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

  (with SM5 - cube array shadow)

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord = src0\\compare = src1\\dst = texture\_gather (uint, coord, compare)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

LODQ (level of detail query)

  Compute the LOD information that the texture pipe would use to access the texture. The Y component contains the computed LOD lambda_prime. The X component contains the LOD that will be accessed, based on min/max LODs and mipmap filters.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}coord = src0\\dst.xy = lodq(uint, coord);\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

CLOCK (retrieve the current shader time)

  Invoking this instruction multiple times in the same shader should cause monotonically increasing values to be returned. The values are implicitly 64-bit, so if fewer than 64 bits of precision are available, to provide expected wraparound semantics, the value should be shifted up so that the most significant bit of the time is the most significant bit of the 64-bit value.

  \[dst.xy = clock()\]

### Integer ISA

These opcodes are used for integer operations. Support for these opcodes indicated by pipe_shader_caps.integers (all of them?)

I2F (Signed Integer To Float)

  Rounding is unspecified (round to nearest even suggested).

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (float) src.x\\dst.y = (float) src.y\\dst.z = (float) src.z\\dst.w = (float) src.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U2F (Unsigned Integer To Float)

  Rounding is unspecified (round to nearest even suggested).

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (float) src.x\\dst.y = (float) src.y\\dst.z = (float) src.z\\dst.w = (float) src.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

F2I (Float to Signed Integer)

  Rounding is towards zero (truncate). Values outside signed range (including NaNs) produce undefined results.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (int) src.x\\dst.y = (int) src.y\\dst.z = (int) src.z\\dst.w = (int) src.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

F2U (Float to Unsigned Integer)

  Rounding is towards zero (truncate). Values outside unsigned range (including NaNs) produce undefined results.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (unsigned) src.x\\dst.y = (unsigned) src.y\\dst.z = (unsigned) src.z\\dst.w = (unsigned) src.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

UADD (Integer Add)

  This instruction works the same for signed and unsigned integers. The low 32bit of the result is returned.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x + src1.x\\dst.y = src0.y + src1.y\\dst.z = src0.z + src1.z\\dst.w = src0.w + src1.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

UMAD (Integer Multiply And Add)

  This instruction works the same for signed and unsigned integers. The multiplication returns the low 32bit (as does the result itself).

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \times src1.x + src2.x\\dst.y = src0.y \times src1.y + src2.y\\dst.z = src0.z \times src1.z + src2.z\\dst.w = src0.w \times src1.w + src2.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

UMUL (Integer Multiply)

  This instruction works the same for signed and unsigned integers. The low 32bit of the result is returned.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \times src1.x\\dst.y = src0.y \times src1.y\\dst.z = src0.z \times src1.z\\dst.w = src0.w \times src1.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

IMUL_HI (Signed Integer Multiply High Bits)

  The high 32bits of the multiplication of 2 signed integers are returned.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x \times src1.x) \gg 32\\dst.y = (src0.y \times src1.y) \gg 32\\dst.z = (src0.z \times src1.z) \gg 32\\dst.w = (src0.w \times src1.w) \gg 32\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

UMUL_HI (Unsigned Integer Multiply High Bits)

  The high 32bits of the multiplication of 2 unsigned integers are returned.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x \times src1.x) \gg 32\\dst.y = (src0.y \times src1.y) \gg 32\\dst.z = (src0.z \times src1.z) \gg 32\\dst.w = (src0.w \times src1.w) \gg 32\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

IDIV (Signed Integer Division)

  TBD: behavior for division by zero.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = \frac{src0.x}{src1.x}\\dst.y = \frac{src0.y}{src1.y}\\dst.z = \frac{src0.z}{src1.z}\\dst.w = \frac{src0.w}{src1.w}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

UDIV (Unsigned Integer Division)

  For division by zero, `0xffffffff` is returned.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = \frac{src0.x}{src1.x}\\dst.y = \frac{src0.y}{src1.y}\\dst.z = \frac{src0.z}{src1.z}\\dst.w = \frac{src0.w}{src1.w}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

UMOD (Unsigned Integer Remainder)

  If src1 is zero, `0xffffffff` is returned.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \bmod src1.x\\dst.y = src0.y \bmod src1.y\\dst.z = src0.z \bmod src1.z\\dst.w = src0.w \bmod src1.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

NOT (Bitwise Not)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = \sim src.x\\dst.y = \sim src.y\\dst.z = \sim src.z\\dst.w = \sim src.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

AND (Bitwise And)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \& src1.x\\dst.y = src0.y \& src1.y\\dst.z = src0.z \& src1.z\\dst.w = src0.w \& src1.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

OR (Bitwise Or)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x | src1.x\\dst.y = src0.y | src1.y\\dst.z = src0.z | src1.z\\dst.w = src0.w | src1.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

XOR (Bitwise Xor)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \oplus src1.x\\dst.y = src0.y \oplus src1.y\\dst.z = src0.z \oplus src1.z\\dst.w = src0.w \oplus src1.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

IMAX (Maximum of Signed Integers)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = max(src0.x, src1.x)\\dst.y = max(src0.y, src1.y)\\dst.z = max(src0.z, src1.z)\\dst.w = max(src0.w, src1.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

UMAX (Maximum of Unsigned Integers)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = max(src0.x, src1.x)\\dst.y = max(src0.y, src1.y)\\dst.z = max(src0.z, src1.z)\\dst.w = max(src0.w, src1.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

IMIN (Minimum of Signed Integers)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = min(src0.x, src1.x)\\dst.y = min(src0.y, src1.y)\\dst.z = min(src0.z, src1.z)\\dst.w = min(src0.w, src1.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

UMIN (Minimum of Unsigned Integers)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = min(src0.x, src1.x)\\dst.y = min(src0.y, src1.y)\\dst.z = min(src0.z, src1.z)\\dst.w = min(src0.w, src1.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

SHL (Shift Left)

  The shift count is masked with `0x1f` before the shift is applied.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \ll (0x1f \& src1.x)\\dst.y = src0.y \ll (0x1f \& src1.y)\\dst.z = src0.z \ll (0x1f \& src1.z)\\dst.w = src0.w \ll (0x1f \& src1.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ISHR (Arithmetic Shift Right (of Signed Integer))

  The shift count is masked with `0x1f` before the shift is applied.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \gg (0x1f \& src1.x)\\dst.y = src0.y \gg (0x1f \& src1.y)\\dst.z = src0.z \gg (0x1f \& src1.z)\\dst.w = src0.w \gg (0x1f \& src1.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

USHR (Logical Shift Right)

  The shift count is masked with `0x1f` before the shift is applied.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x \gg (unsigned) (0x1f \& src1.x)\\dst.y = src0.y \gg (unsigned) (0x1f \& src1.y)\\dst.z = src0.z \gg (unsigned) (0x1f \& src1.z)\\dst.w = src0.w \gg (unsigned) (0x1f \& src1.w)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

UCMP (Integer Conditional Move)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.x ? src1.x : src2.x\\dst.y = src0.y ? src1.y : src2.y\\dst.z = src0.z ? src1.z : src2.z\\dst.w = src0.w ? src1.w : src2.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ISSG (Integer Set Sign)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x < 0) ? -1 : (src0.x > 0) ? 1 : 0\\dst.y = (src0.y < 0) ? -1 : (src0.y > 0) ? 1 : 0\\dst.z = (src0.z < 0) ? -1 : (src0.z > 0) ? 1 : 0\\dst.w = (src0.w < 0) ? -1 : (src0.w > 0) ? 1 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

FSLT (Float Set On Less Than (ordered))

  Same comparison as SLT but returns integer instead of 1.0/0.0 float

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x < src1.x) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.y = (src0.y < src1.y) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = (src0.z < src1.z) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.w = (src0.w < src1.w) ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ISLT (Signed Integer Set On Less Than)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x < src1.x) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.y = (src0.y < src1.y) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = (src0.z < src1.z) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.w = (src0.w < src1.w) ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

USLT (Unsigned Integer Set On Less Than)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x < src1.x) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.y = (src0.y < src1.y) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = (src0.z < src1.z) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.w = (src0.w < src1.w) ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

FSGE (Float Set On Greater Equal Than (ordered))

  Same comparison as SGE but returns integer instead of 1.0/0.0 float

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x >= src1.x) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.y = (src0.y >= src1.y) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = (src0.z >= src1.z) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.w = (src0.w >= src1.w) ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ISGE (Signed Integer Set On Greater Equal Than)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x >= src1.x) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.y = (src0.y >= src1.y) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = (src0.z >= src1.z) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.w = (src0.w >= src1.w) ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

USGE (Unsigned Integer Set On Greater Equal Than)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x >= src1.x) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.y = (src0.y >= src1.y) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = (src0.z >= src1.z) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.w = (src0.w >= src1.w) ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

FSEQ (Float Set On Equal (ordered))

  Same comparison as SEQ but returns integer instead of 1.0/0.0 float

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x == src1.x) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.y = (src0.y == src1.y) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = (src0.z == src1.z) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.w = (src0.w == src1.w) ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

USEQ (Integer Set On Equal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x == src1.x) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.y = (src0.y == src1.y) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = (src0.z == src1.z) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.w = (src0.w == src1.w) ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

FSNE (Float Set On Not Equal (unordered))

  Same comparison as SNE but returns integer instead of 1.0/0.0 float

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x != src1.x) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.y = (src0.y != src1.y) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = (src0.z != src1.z) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.w = (src0.w != src1.w) ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

USNE (Integer Set On Not Equal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (src0.x != src1.x) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.y = (src0.y != src1.y) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = (src0.z != src1.z) ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.w = (src0.w != src1.w) ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

INEG (Integer Negate)

  Two’s complement.

  > \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = -src.x\\dst.y = -src.y\\dst.z = -src.z\\dst.w = -src.w\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

IABS (Integer Absolute Value)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = |src.x|\\dst.y = |src.y|\\dst.z = |src.z|\\dst.w = |src.w|\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

### Bitwise ISA

These opcodes are used for bit-level manipulation of integers.

IBFE (Signed Bitfield Extract)

  Like GLSL bitfieldExtract. Extracts a set of bits from the input, and sign-extends them if the high bit of the extracted window is set.

  Pseudocode:

      def ibfe(value, offset, bits):
         if offset < 0 or bits < 0 or offset + bits > 32:
            return undefined
         if bits == 0: return 0
         # Note: >> sign-extends
         return (value << (32 - offset - bits)) >> (32 - bits)

UBFE (Unsigned Bitfield Extract)

  Like GLSL bitfieldExtract. Extracts a set of bits from the input, without any sign-extension.

  Pseudocode:

      def ubfe(value, offset, bits):
         if offset < 0 or bits < 0 or offset + bits > 32:
            return undefined
         if bits == 0: return 0
         # Note: >> does not sign-extend
         return (value << (32 - offset - bits)) >> (32 - bits)

BFI (Bitfield Insert)

  Like GLSL bitfieldInsert. Replaces a bit region of ‘base’ with the low bits of ‘insert’.

  Pseudocode:

      def bfi(base, insert, offset, bits):
         if offset < 0 or bits < 0 or offset + bits > 32:
            return undefined
         # << defined such that mask == ~0 when bits == 32, offset == 0
         mask = ((1 << bits) - 1) << offset
         return ((insert << offset) & mask) | (base & ~mask)

BREV (Bitfield Reverse)

  See SM5 instruction BFREV. Reverses the bits of the argument.

POPC (Population Count)

  See SM5 instruction COUNTBITS. Counts the number of set bits in the argument.

LSB (Index of lowest set bit)

  See SM5 instruction FIRSTBIT_LO. Computes the 0-based index of the first set bit of the argument. Returns -1 if none are set.

IMSB (Index of highest non-sign bit)

  See SM5 instruction FIRSTBIT_SHI. Computes the 0-based index of the highest non-sign bit of the argument (i.e. highest 0 bit for negative numbers, highest 1 bit for positive numbers). Returns -1 if all bits are the same (i.e. for inputs 0 and -1).

UMSB (Index of highest set bit)

  See SM5 instruction FIRSTBIT_HI. Computes the 0-based index of the highest set bit of the argument. Returns -1 if none are set.

### Geometry ISA

These opcodes are only supported in geometry shaders; they have no meaning in any other type of shader.

EMIT (Emit)

  Generate a new vertex for the current primitive into the specified vertex stream using the values in the output registers.

ENDPRIM (End Primitive)

  Complete the current primitive in the specified vertex stream (consisting of the emitted vertices), and start a new one.

### GLSL ISA

These opcodes are part of GLSL’s opcode set. Support for these opcodes is determined by a special capability bit, `GLSL`. Some require glsl version 1.30 (UIF/SWITCH/CASE/DEFAULT/ENDSWITCH).

CAL (Subroutine Call)

  Pseudocode:

      push(pc)
      pc = target

RET (Subroutine Call Return)

  Pseudocode:

      pc = pop()

CONT (Continue)

  Unconditionally moves the point of execution to the instruction after the last BGNLOOP. The instruction must appear within a BGNLOOP/ENDLOOP.

Note

Support for CONT is determined by a special capability bit, `TGSI_CONT_SUPPORTED`. See Screen for more information.

BGNLOOP (Begin a Loop)

  Start a loop. Must have a matching ENDLOOP.

BGNSUB (Begin Subroutine)

  Starts definition of a subroutine. Must have a matching ENDSUB.

ENDLOOP (End a Loop)

  End a loop started with BGNLOOP.

ENDSUB (End Subroutine)

  Ends definition of a subroutine.

NOP (No Operation)

  Do nothing.

BRK (Break)

  Unconditionally moves the point of execution to the instruction after the next ENDLOOP or ENDSWITCH. The instruction must appear within a BGNLOOP/ENDLOOP or SWITCH/ENDSWITCH.

IF (Float If)

  Start an IF … ELSE .. ENDIF block. Condition evaluates to true if

  > src0.x != 0.0

  where src0.x is interpreted as a floating point register.

UIF (Bitwise If)

  Start an UIF … ELSE .. ENDIF block. Condition evaluates to true if

  > src0.x != 0

  where src0.x is interpreted as an integer register.

ELSE (Else)

  Starts an else block, after an IF or UIF statement.

ENDIF (End If)

  Ends an IF or UIF block.

SWITCH (Switch)

  Starts a C-style switch expression. The switch consists of one or multiple CASE statements, and at most one DEFAULT statement. Execution of a statement ends when a BRK is hit, but just like in C falling through to other cases without a break is allowed. Similarly, DEFAULT label is allowed anywhere not just as last statement, and fallthrough is allowed into/from it. CASE src arguments are evaluated at bit level against the SWITCH src argument.

  Example:

      SWITCH src[0].x
      CASE src[0].x
      (some instructions here)
      (optional BRK here)
      DEFAULT
      (some instructions here)
      (optional BRK here)
      CASE src[0].x
      (some instructions here)
      (optional BRK here)
      ENDSWITCH

CASE (Switch case)

  This represents a switch case label. The src arg must be an integer immediate.

DEFAULT (Switch default)

  This represents the default case in the switch, which is taken if no other case matches.

ENDSWITCH (End of switch)

  Ends a switch expression.

### Interpolation ISA

The interpolation instructions allow an input to be interpolated in a different way than its declaration. This corresponds to the GLSL 4.00 interpolateAt* functions. The first argument of each of these must come from `TGSI_FILE_INPUT`.

INTERP_CENTROID (Interpolate at the centroid)

  Interpolates the varying specified by src0 at the centroid

INTERP_SAMPLE (Interpolate at the specified sample)

  Interpolates the varying specified by src0 at the sample id specified by src1.x (interpreted as an integer)

INTERP_OFFSET (Interpolate at the specified offset)

  Interpolates the varying specified by src0 at the offset src1.xy from the pixel center (interpreted as floats)

### Double ISA

The double-precision opcodes reinterpret four-component vectors into two-component vectors with doubled precision in each component.

DABS (Absolute)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = |src0.xy|\\dst.zw = |src0.zw|\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DADD (Add)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy + src1.xy\\dst.zw = src0.zw + src1.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DSEQ (Set on Equal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.xy == src1.xy ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = src0.zw == src1.zw ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DSNE (Set on Not Equal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.xy != src1.xy ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = src0.zw != src1.zw ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DSLT (Set on Less than)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.xy < src1.xy ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = src0.zw < src1.zw ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DSGE (Set on Greater equal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.xy >= src1.xy ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = src0.zw >= src1.zw ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DFRAC (Fraction)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src.xy - \lfloor src.xy\rfloor\\dst.zw = src.zw - \lfloor src.zw\rfloor\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DTRUNC (Truncate)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = trunc(src.xy)\\dst.zw = trunc(src.zw)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DCEIL (Ceiling)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = \lceil src.xy\rceil\\dst.zw = \lceil src.zw\rceil\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DFLR (Floor)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = \lfloor src.xy\rfloor\\dst.zw = \lfloor src.zw\rfloor\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DROUND (Fraction)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = round(src.xy)\\dst.zw = round(src.zw)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DSSG (Set Sign)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = (src.xy > 0) ? 1.0 : (src.xy < 0) ? -1.0 : 0.0\\dst.zw = (src.zw > 0) ? 1.0 : (src.zw < 0) ? -1.0 : 0.0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DLDEXP (Multiply Number by Integral Power of 2)

  This opcode is the inverse of frexp. The second source is an integer.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy \times 2^{src1.x}\\dst.zw = src0.zw \times 2^{src1.z}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DMIN (Minimum)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = min(src0.xy, src1.xy)\\dst.zw = min(src0.zw, src1.zw)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DMAX (Maximum)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = max(src0.xy, src1.xy)\\dst.zw = max(src0.zw, src1.zw)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DMUL (Multiply)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy \times src1.xy\\dst.zw = src0.zw \times src1.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DMAD (Multiply And Add)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy \times src1.xy + src2.xy\\dst.zw = src0.zw \times src1.zw + src2.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DFMA (Fused Multiply-Add)

  Perform a * b + c with no intermediate rounding step.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy \times src1.xy + src2.xy\\dst.zw = src0.zw \times src1.zw + src2.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DDIV (Divide)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = \frac{src0.xy}{src1.xy}\\dst.zw = \frac{src0.zw}{src1.zw}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DRCP (Reciprocal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = \frac{1}{src.xy}\\dst.zw = \frac{1}{src.zw}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DSQRT (Square Root)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = \sqrt{src.xy}\\dst.zw = \sqrt{src.zw}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

DRSQ (Reciprocal Square Root)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = \frac{1}{\sqrt{src.xy}}\\dst.zw = \frac{1}{\sqrt{src.zw}}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

F2D (Float to Double)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = double(src0.x)\\dst.zw = double(src0.y)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

D2F (Double to Float)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = float(src0.xy)\\dst.y = float(src0.zw)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I2D (Int to Double)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = double(src0.x)\\dst.zw = double(src0.y)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

D2I (Double to Int)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = int(src0.xy)\\dst.y = int(src0.zw)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U2D (Unsigned Int to Double)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = double(src0.x)\\dst.zw = double(src0.y)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

D2U (Double to Unsigned Int)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = unsigned(src0.xy)\\dst.y = unsigned(src0.zw)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

### 64-bit Integer ISA

The 64-bit integer opcodes reinterpret four-component vectors into two-component vectors with 64-bits in each component.

I64ABS (64-bit Integer Absolute Value)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = |src0.xy|\\dst.zw = |src0.zw|\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I64NEG (64-bit Integer Negate)

  Two’s complement.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = -src.xy\\dst.zw = -src.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I64SSG (64-bit Integer Set Sign)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = (src0.xy < 0) ? -1 : (src0.xy > 0) ? 1 : 0\\dst.zw = (src0.zw < 0) ? -1 : (src0.zw > 0) ? 1 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64ADD (64-bit Integer Add)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy + src1.xy\\dst.zw = src0.zw + src1.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64MUL (64-bit Integer Multiply)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy * src1.xy\\dst.zw = src0.zw * src1.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64SEQ (64-bit Integer Set on Equal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.xy == src1.xy ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = src0.zw == src1.zw ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64SNE (64-bit Integer Set on Not Equal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.xy != src1.xy ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = src0.zw != src1.zw ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64SLT (64-bit Unsigned Integer Set on Less Than)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.xy < src1.xy ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = src0.zw < src1.zw ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64SGE (64-bit Unsigned Integer Set on Greater Equal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.xy >= src1.xy ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = src0.zw >= src1.zw ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I64SLT (64-bit Signed Integer Set on Less Than)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.xy < src1.xy ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = src0.zw < src1.zw ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I64SGE (64-bit Signed Integer Set on Greater Equal)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = src0.xy >= src1.xy ? \sim 0 : 0\\dst.z = src0.zw >= src1.zw ? \sim 0 : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I64MIN (Minimum of 64-bit Signed Integers)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = min(src0.xy, src1.xy)\\dst.zw = min(src0.zw, src1.zw)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64MIN (Minimum of 64-bit Unsigned Integers)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = min(src0.xy, src1.xy)\\dst.zw = min(src0.zw, src1.zw)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I64MAX (Maximum of 64-bit Signed Integers)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = max(src0.xy, src1.xy)\\dst.zw = max(src0.zw, src1.zw)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64MAX (Maximum of 64-bit Unsigned Integers)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = max(src0.xy, src1.xy)\\dst.zw = max(src0.zw, src1.zw)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64SHL (Shift Left 64-bit Unsigned Integer)

  The shift count is masked with `0x3f` before the shift is applied.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy \ll (0x3f \& src1.x)\\dst.zw = src0.zw \ll (0x3f \& src1.y)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I64SHR (Arithmetic Shift Right (of 64-bit Signed Integer))

  The shift count is masked with `0x3f` before the shift is applied.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy \gg (0x3f \& src1.x)\\dst.zw = src0.zw \gg (0x3f \& src1.y)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64SHR (Logical Shift Right (of 64-bit Unsigned Integer))

  The shift count is masked with `0x3f` before the shift is applied.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy \gg (unsigned) (0x3f \& src1.x)\\dst.zw = src0.zw \gg (unsigned) (0x3f \& src1.y)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I64DIV (64-bit Signed Integer Division)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = \frac{src0.xy}{src1.xy}\\dst.zw = \frac{src0.zw}{src1.zw}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64DIV (64-bit Unsigned Integer Division)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = \frac{src0.xy}{src1.xy}\\dst.zw = \frac{src0.zw}{src1.zw}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U64MOD (64-bit Unsigned Integer Remainder)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy \bmod src1.xy\\dst.zw = src0.zw \bmod src1.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I64MOD (64-bit Signed Integer Remainder)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = src0.xy \bmod src1.xy\\dst.zw = src0.zw \bmod src1.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

F2U64 (Float to 64-bit Unsigned Int)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = (uint64_t) src0.x\\dst.zw = (uint64_t) src0.y\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

F2I64 (Float to 64-bit Int)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = (int64_t) src0.x\\dst.zw = (int64_t) src0.y\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U2I64 (Unsigned Integer to 64-bit Integer)

  This is a zero extension.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = (int64_t) src0.x\\dst.zw = (int64_t) src0.y\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I2I64 (Signed Integer to 64-bit Integer)

  This is a sign extension.

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = (int64_t) src0.x\\dst.zw = (int64_t) src0.y\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

D2U64 (Double to 64-bit Unsigned Int)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = (uint64_t) src0.xy\\dst.zw = (uint64_t) src0.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

D2I64 (Double to 64-bit Int)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = (int64_t) src0.xy\\dst.zw = (int64_t) src0.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U642F (64-bit unsigned integer to float)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (float) src0.xy\\dst.y = (float) src0.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I642F (64-bit Int to Float)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.x = (float) src0.xy\\dst.y = (float) src0.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

U642D (64-bit unsigned integer to double)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = (double) src0.xy\\dst.zw = (double) src0.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

I642D (64-bit Int to double)
  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst.xy = (double) src0.xy\\dst.zw = (double) src0.zw\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

### Resource Sampling Opcodes

Those opcodes follow very closely semantics of the respective Direct3D instructions. If in doubt double check Direct3D documentation. Note that the swizzle on SVIEW (src1) determines texel swizzling after lookup.

SAMPLE

  Using provided address, sample data from the specified texture using the filtering mode identified by the given sampler. The source data may come from any resource type other than buffers.

  Syntax: `SAMPLE dst, address, sampler_view, sampler`

  Example: `SAMPLE TEMP[0], TEMP[1], SVIEW[0], SAMP[0]`

SAMPLE_I

  Simplified alternative to the SAMPLE instruction. Using the provided integer address, SAMPLE_I fetches data from the specified sampler view without any filtering. The source data may come from any resource type other than CUBE.

  Syntax: `SAMPLE_I dst, address, sampler_view`

  Example: `SAMPLE_I TEMP[0], TEMP[1], SVIEW[0]`

  The ‘address’ is specified as unsigned integers. If the ‘address’ is out of range [0…(# texels - 1)] the result of the fetch is always 0 in all components. As such the instruction doesn’t honor address wrap modes, in cases where that behavior is desirable ‘SAMPLE’ instruction should be used. address.w always provides an unsigned integer mipmap level. If the value is out of the range then the instruction always returns 0 in all components. address.yz are ignored for buffers and 1d textures. address.z is ignored for 1d texture arrays and 2d textures.

  For 1D texture arrays address.y provides the array index (also as unsigned integer). If the value is out of the range of available array indices [0… (array size - 1)] then the opcode always returns 0 in all components. For 2D texture arrays address.z provides the array index, otherwise it exhibits the same behavior as in the case for 1D texture arrays. The exact semantics of the source address are presented in the table below:

  resource type | X | Y | Z | W
  --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
  `PIPE_BUFFER` | x |  |  | ignored
  `PIPE_TEXTURE_1D` | x |  |  | mpl
  `PIPE_TEXTURE_2D` | x | y |  | mpl
  `PIPE_TEXTURE_3D` | x | y | z | mpl
  `PIPE_TEXTURE_RECT` | x | y |  | mpl
  `PIPE_TEXTURE_CUBE` | not allowed as source
  `PIPE_TEXTURE_1D_ARRAY` | x | idx |  | mpl
  `PIPE_TEXTURE_2D_ARRAY` | x | y | idx | mpl

  Where ‘mpl’ is a mipmap level and ‘idx’ is the array index.

SAMPLE_I_MS

  Just like SAMPLE_I but allows fetch data from multi-sampled surfaces.

  Syntax: `SAMPLE_I_MS dst, address, sampler_view, sample`

SAMPLE_B

  Just like the SAMPLE instruction with the exception that an additional bias is applied to the level of detail computed as part of the instruction execution.

  Syntax: `SAMPLE_B dst, address, sampler_view, sampler, lod_bias`

  Example: `SAMPLE_B TEMP[0], TEMP[1], SVIEW[0], SAMP[0], TEMP[2].x`

SAMPLE_C

  Similar to the SAMPLE instruction but it performs a comparison filter. The operands to SAMPLE_C are identical to SAMPLE, except that there is an additional float32 operand, reference value, which must be a register with single-component, or a scalar literal. SAMPLE_C makes the hardware use the current samplers compare_func (in pipe_sampler_state) to compare reference value against the red component value for the source resource at each texel that the currently configured texture filter covers based on the provided coordinates.

  Syntax: `SAMPLE_C dst, address, sampler_view.r, sampler, ref_value`

  Example: `SAMPLE_C TEMP[0], TEMP[1], SVIEW[0].r, SAMP[0], TEMP[2].x`

SAMPLE_C_LZ

  Same as SAMPLE_C, but LOD is 0 and derivatives are ignored. The LZ stands for level-zero.

  Syntax: `SAMPLE_C_LZ dst, address, sampler_view.r, sampler, ref_value`

  Example: `SAMPLE_C_LZ TEMP[0], TEMP[1], SVIEW[0].r, SAMP[0], TEMP[2].x`

SAMPLE_D

  SAMPLE_D is identical to the SAMPLE opcode except that the derivatives for the source address in the x direction and the y direction are provided by extra parameters.

  Syntax: `SAMPLE_D dst, address, sampler_view, sampler, der_x, der_y`

  Example: `SAMPLE_D TEMP[0], TEMP[1], SVIEW[0], SAMP[0], TEMP[2], TEMP[3]`

SAMPLE_L

  SAMPLE_L is identical to the SAMPLE opcode except that the LOD is provided directly as a scalar value, representing no anisotropy.

  Syntax: `SAMPLE_L dst, address, sampler_view, sampler, explicit_lod`

  Example: `SAMPLE_L TEMP[0], TEMP[1], SVIEW[0], SAMP[0], TEMP[2].x`

GATHER4

  Gathers the four texels to be used in a bi-linear filtering operation and packs them into a single register. Only works with 2D, 2D array, cubemaps, and cubemaps arrays. For 2D textures, only the addressing modes of the sampler and the top level of any mip pyramid are used. Set W to zero. It behaves like the SAMPLE instruction, but a filtered sample is not generated. The four samples that contribute to filtering are placed into XYZW in counter-clockwise order, starting with the (u,v) texture coordinate delta at the following locations (-, +), (+, +), (+, -), (-, -), where the magnitude of the deltas are half a texel.

SVIEWINFO

  Query the dimensions of a given sampler view. dst receives width, height, depth or array size and number of mipmap levels as int4. The dst can have a writemask which will specify what info is the caller interested in.

  Syntax: `SVIEWINFO dst, src_mip_level, sampler_view`

  Example: `SVIEWINFO TEMP[0], TEMP[1].x, SVIEW[0]`

  src_mip_level is an unsigned integer scalar. If it’s out of range then returns 0 for width, height and depth/array size but the total number of mipmap is still returned correctly for the given sampler view. The returned width, height and depth values are for the mipmap level selected by the src_mip_level and are in the number of texels. For 1d texture array width is in dst.x, array size is in dst.y and dst.z is 0. The number of mipmaps is still in dst.w. In contrast to d3d10 resinfo, there’s no way in the TGSI instruction encoding to specify the return type (float/rcpfloat/uint), hence always using uint. Also, unlike the SAMPLE instructions, the swizzle on src1 resinfo allowing swizzling dst values is ignored (due to the interaction with rcpfloat modifier which requires some swizzle handling in the state tracker anyway).

SAMPLE_POS

  Query the position of a sample in the given resource or render target when per-sample fragment shading is in effect.

  Syntax: `SAMPLE_POS dst, source, sample_index`

  dst receives float4 (x, y, undef, undef) indicated where the sample is located. Sample locations are in the range [0, 1] where 0.5 is the center of the fragment.

  source is either a sampler view (to indicate a shader resource) or temp register (to indicate the render target). The source register may have an optional swizzle to apply to the returned result

  sample_index is an integer scalar indicating which sample position is to be queried.

  If per-sample shading is not in effect or the source resource or render target is not multisampled, the result is (0.5, 0.5, undef, undef).

  NOTE: no driver has implemented this opcode yet (and no gallium frontend emits it). This information is subject to change.

SAMPLE_INFO

  Query the number of samples in a multisampled resource or render target.

  Syntax: `SAMPLE_INFO dst, source`

  dst receives int4 (n, 0, 0, 0) where n is the number of samples in a resource or the render target.

  source is either a sampler view (to indicate a shader resource) or temp register (to indicate the render target). The source register may have an optional swizzle to apply to the returned result

  If per-sample shading is not in effect or the source resource or render target is not multisampled, the result is (1, 0, 0, 0).

  NOTE: no driver has implemented this opcode yet (and no gallium frontend emits it). This information is subject to change.

LOD (level of detail)

  Same syntax as the SAMPLE opcode but instead of performing an actual texture lookup/filter, return the computed LOD information that the texture pipe would use to access the texture. The Y component contains the computed LOD lambda_prime. The X component contains the LOD that will be accessed, based on min/max lod’s and mipmap filters. The Z and W components are set to 0.

  Syntax: `LOD dst, address, sampler_view, sampler`

### Resource Access Opcodes

For these opcodes, the resource can be a BUFFER, IMAGE, or MEMORY.

LOAD (Fetch data from a shader buffer or image)

  Syntax: `LOAD dst, resource, address`

  Example: `LOAD TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1]`

  Using the provided integer address, LOAD fetches data from the specified buffer or texture without any filtering.

  The ‘address’ is specified as a vector of unsigned integers. If the ‘address’ is out of range the result is unspecified.

  Only the first mipmap level of a resource can be read from using this instruction.

  For 1D or 2D texture arrays, the array index is provided as an unsigned integer in address.y or address.z, respectively. address.yz are ignored for buffers and 1D textures. address.z is ignored for 1D texture arrays and 2D textures. address.w is always ignored.

  A swizzle suffix may be added to the resource argument this will cause the resource data to be swizzled accordingly.

STORE (Write data to a shader resource)

  Syntax: `STORE resource, address, src`

  Example: `STORE BUFFER[0], TEMP[0], TEMP[1]`

  Using the provided integer address, STORE writes data to the specified buffer or texture.

  The ‘address’ is specified as a vector of unsigned integers. If the ‘address’ is out of range the result is unspecified.

  Only the first mipmap level of a resource can be written to using this instruction.

  For 1D or 2D texture arrays, the array index is provided as an unsigned integer in address.y or address.z, respectively. address.yz are ignored for buffers and 1D textures. address.z is ignored for 1D texture arrays and 2D textures. address.w is always ignored.

RESQ (Query information about a resource)

  Syntax: `RESQ dst, resource`

  Example: `RESQ TEMP[0], BUFFER[0]`

  Returns information about the buffer or image resource. For buffer resources, the size (in bytes) is returned in the x component. For image resources, .xyz will contain the width/height/layers of the image, while .w will contain the number of samples for multi-sampled images.

FBFETCH (Load data from framebuffer)

  Syntax: `FBFETCH dst, output`

  Example: `FBFETCH TEMP[0], OUT[0]`

  This is only valid on `COLOR` semantic outputs. Returns the color of the current position in the framebuffer from before this fragment shader invocation. May return the same value from multiple calls for a particular output within a single invocation. Note that result may be undefined if a fragment is drawn multiple times without a blend barrier in between.

### Bindless Opcodes

These opcodes are for working with bindless sampler or image handles and require pipe_caps.bindless_texture.

IMG2HND (Get a bindless handle for a image)

  Syntax: `IMG2HND dst, image`

  Example: `IMG2HND TEMP[0], IMAGE[0]`

  Sets ‘dst’ to a bindless handle for ‘image’.

SAMP2HND (Get a bindless handle for a sampler)

  Syntax: `SAMP2HND dst, sampler`

  Example: `SAMP2HND TEMP[0], SAMP[0]`

  Sets ‘dst’ to a bindless handle for ‘sampler’.

### Inter-thread synchronization opcodes

These opcodes are intended for communication between threads running within the same compute grid. For now they’re only valid in compute programs.

BARRIER (Thread group barrier)

  `BARRIER`

  This opcode suspends the execution of the current thread until all the remaining threads in the working group reach the same point of the program. Results are unspecified if any of the remaining threads terminates or never reaches an executed BARRIER instruction.

MEMBAR (Memory barrier)

  `MEMBAR type`

  This opcode waits for the completion of all memory accesses based on the type passed in. The type is an immediate bitfield with the following meaning:

  Bit 0: Shader storage buffers Bit 1: Atomic buffers Bit 2: Images Bit 3: Shared memory Bit 4: Thread group

  These may be passed in in any combination. An implementation is free to not distinguish between these as it sees fit. However these map to all the possibilities made available by GLSL.

### Atomic opcodes

These opcodes provide atomic variants of some common arithmetic and logical operations. In this context atomicity means that another concurrent memory access operation that affects the same memory location is guaranteed to be performed strictly before or after the entire execution of the atomic operation. The resource may be a BUFFER, IMAGE, HWATOMIC, or MEMORY. In the case of an image, the offset works the same as for `LOAD` and `STORE`, specified above. For atomic counters, the offset is an immediate index to the base HW atomic counter for this operation. These atomic operations may only be used with 32-bit integer image formats.

ATOMUADD (Atomic integer addition)

  Syntax: `ATOMUADD dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMUADD TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\resource[offset] = dst_x + src_x\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMFADD (Atomic floating point addition)

  Syntax: `ATOMFADD dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMFADD TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\resource[offset] = dst_x + src_x\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMXCHG (Atomic exchange)

  Syntax: `ATOMXCHG dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMXCHG TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\resource[offset] = src_x\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMCAS (Atomic compare-and-exchange)

  Syntax: `ATOMCAS dst, resource, offset, cmp, src`

  Example: `ATOMCAS TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2], TEMP[3]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\resource[offset] = (dst_x == cmp_x ? src_x : dst_x)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMAND (Atomic bitwise And)

  Syntax: `ATOMAND dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMAND TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\resource[offset] = dst_x \& src_x\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMOR (Atomic bitwise Or)

  Syntax: `ATOMOR dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMOR TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\resource[offset] = dst_x | src_x\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMXOR (Atomic bitwise Xor)

  Syntax: `ATOMXOR dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMXOR TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\resource[offset] = dst_x \oplus src_x\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMUMIN (Atomic unsigned minimum)

  Syntax: `ATOMUMIN dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMUMIN TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\resource[offset] = (dst_x < src_x ? dst_x : src_x)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMUMAX (Atomic unsigned maximum)

  Syntax: `ATOMUMAX dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMUMAX TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\resource[offset] = (dst_x > src_x ? dst_x : src_x)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMIMIN (Atomic signed minimum)

  Syntax: `ATOMIMIN dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMIMIN TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\resource[offset] = (dst_x < src_x ? dst_x : src_x)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMIMAX (Atomic signed maximum)

  Syntax: `ATOMIMAX dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMIMAX TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\resource[offset] = (dst_x > src_x ? dst_x : src_x)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMINC_WRAP (Atomic increment + wrap around)

  Syntax: `ATOMINC_WRAP dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMINC_WRAP TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset] + 1\\resource[offset] = dst_x <= src_x ? dst_x : 0\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

ATOMDEC_WRAP (Atomic decrement + wrap around)

  Syntax: `ATOMDEC_WRAP dst, resource, offset, src`

  Example: `ATOMDEC_WRAP TEMP[0], BUFFER[0], TEMP[1], TEMP[2]`

  The following operation is performed atomically:

  \[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}dst_x = resource[offset]\\\begin{split}resource[offset] = \left\{ \begin{array}{ c l } dst_x - 1 & \quad \textrm{if } dst_x \gt 0 \textrm{ and } dst_x \lt src_x \\ 0 & \quad \textrm{otherwise} \end{array} \right.\end{split}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]

### Inter-lane opcodes

These opcodes reduce the given value across the shader invocations running in the current SIMD group. Every thread in the subgroup will receive the same result. The BALLOT operations accept a single-channel argument that is treated as a boolean and produce a 64-bit value.

VOTE_ANY (Value is set in any of the active invocations)

  Syntax: `VOTE_ANY dst, value`

  Example: `VOTE_ANY TEMP[0].x, TEMP[1].x`

VOTE_ALL (Value is set in all of the active invocations)

  Syntax: `VOTE_ALL dst, value`

  Example: `VOTE_ALL TEMP[0].x, TEMP[1].x`

VOTE_EQ (Value is the same in all of the active invocations)

  Syntax: `VOTE_EQ dst, value`

  Example: `VOTE_EQ TEMP[0].x, TEMP[1].x`

BALLOT (Lanemask of whether the value is set in each active)
invocation

  Syntax: `BALLOT dst, value`

  Example: `BALLOT TEMP[0].xy, TEMP[1].x`

  When the argument is a constant true, this produces a bitmask of active invocations. In fragment shaders, this can include helper invocations (invocations whose outputs and writes to memory are discarded, but which are used to compute derivatives).

READ_FIRST (Broadcast the value from the first active)
invocation to all active lanes

  Syntax: `READ_FIRST dst, value`

  Example: `READ_FIRST TEMP[0], TEMP[1]`

READ_INVOC (Retrieve the value from the given invocation)
(need not be uniform)

  Syntax: `READ_INVOC dst, value, invocation`

  Example: `READ_INVOC TEMP[0].xy, TEMP[1].xy, TEMP[2].x`

  invocation.x controls the invocation number to read from for all channels. The invocation number must be the same across all active invocations in a sub-group; otherwise, the results are undefined.

## Explanation of symbols used

### Functions

> \(|x|\) Absolute value of `x`.

> \(\lceil x \rceil\) Ceiling of `x`.

> clamp(x,y,z) Clamp x between y and z.

>   (x < y) ? y : (x > z) ? z : x

> \(\lfloor x\rfloor\) Floor of `x`.

> \(\log_2{x}\) Logarithm of `x`, base 2.

> max(x,y) Maximum of x and y.

>   (x > y) ? x : y

> min(x,y) Minimum of x and y.

>   (x < y) ? x : y

> partialx(x) Derivative of x relative to fragment’s X.

> partialy(x) Derivative of x relative to fragment’s Y.

> pop() Pop from stack.

> \(x^y\) `x` to the power `y`.

> push(x) Push x on stack.

> round(x) Round x.

> trunc(x) Truncate x, i.e. drop the fraction bits.

### Keywords

> discard Discard fragment.

> pc Program counter.

> target Label of target instruction.

## Other tokens

### Declaration

Declares a register that is will be referenced as an operand in Instruction tokens.

File field contains register file that is being declared and is one of TGSI_FILE.

UsageMask field specifies which of the register components can be accessed and is one of TGSI_WRITEMASK.

The Local flag specifies that a given value isn’t intended for subroutine parameter passing and, as a result, the implementation isn’t required to give any guarantees of it being preserved across subroutine boundaries. As it’s merely a compiler hint, the implementation is free to ignore it.

If Dimension flag is set to 1, a Declaration Dimension token follows.

If Semantic flag is set to 1, a Declaration Semantic token follows.

If Interpolate flag is set to 1, a Declaration Interpolate token follows.

If file is TGSI_FILE_RESOURCE, a Declaration Resource token follows.

If Array flag is set to 1, a Declaration Array token follows.

### Array Declaration

Declarations can optional have an ArrayID attribute which can be referred by indirect addressing operands. An ArrayID of zero is reserved and treated as if no ArrayID is specified.

If an indirect addressing operand refers to a specific declaration by using an ArrayID only the registers in this declaration are guaranteed to be accessed, accessing any register outside this declaration results in undefined behavior. Note that for compatibility the effective index is zero-based and not relative to the specified declaration

If no ArrayID is specified with an indirect addressing operand the whole register file might be accessed by this operand. This is strongly discouraged and will prevent packing of scalar/vec2 arrays and effective alias analysis. This is only legal for TEMP and CONST register files.

### Declaration Semantic

Vertex and fragment shader input and output registers may be labeled with semantic information consisting of a name and index.

Follows Declaration token if Semantic bit is set.

Since its purpose is to link a shader with other stages of the pipeline, it is valid to follow only those Declaration tokens that declare a register either in INPUT or OUTPUT file.

SemanticName field contains the semantic name of the register being declared. There is no default value.

SemanticIndex is an optional subscript that can be used to distinguish different register declarations with the same semantic name. The default value is 0.

The meanings of the individual semantic names are explained in the following sections.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_POSITION

For vertex shaders, TGSI_SEMANTIC_POSITION indicates the vertex shader output register which contains the homogeneous vertex position in the clip space coordinate system. After clipping, the X, Y and Z components of the vertex will be divided by the W value to get normalized device coordinates.

For fragment shaders, TGSI_SEMANTIC_POSITION is used to indicate that fragment shader input (or system value, depending on which one is supported by the driver) contains the fragment’s window position. The X component starts at zero and always increases from left to right. The Y component starts at zero and always increases but Y=0 may either indicate the top of the window or the bottom depending on the fragment coordinate origin convention (see TGSI_PROPERTY_FS_COORD_ORIGIN). The Z coordinate ranges from 0 to 1 to represent depth from the front to the back of the Z buffer. The W component contains the interpolated reciprocal of the vertex position W component (corresponding to gl_Fragcoord, but unlike d3d10 which interpolates the same 1/w but then gives back the reciprocal of the interpolated value).

Fragment shaders may also declare an output register with TGSI_SEMANTIC_POSITION. Only the Z component is writable. This allows the fragment shader to change the fragment’s Z position.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_COLOR

For vertex shader outputs or fragment shader inputs/outputs, this label indicates that the register contains an R,G,B,A color.

Several shader inputs/outputs may contain colors so the semantic index is used to distinguish them. For example, color[0] may be the diffuse color while color[1] may be the specular color.

This label is needed so that the flat/smooth shading can be applied to the right interpolants during rasterization.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_BCOLOR

Back-facing colors are only used for back-facing polygons, and are only valid in vertex shader outputs. After rasterization, all polygons are front-facing and COLOR and BCOLOR end up occupying the same slots in the fragment shader, so all BCOLORs effectively become regular COLORs in the fragment shader.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_FOG

Vertex shader inputs and outputs and fragment shader inputs may be labeled with TGSI_SEMANTIC_FOG to indicate that the register contains a fog coordinate. Typically, the fragment shader will use the fog coordinate to compute a fog blend factor which is used to blend the normal fragment color with a constant fog color. But fog coord really is just an ordinary vec4 register like regular semantics.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_PSIZE

Vertex shader input and output registers may be labeled with TGIS_SEMANTIC_PSIZE to indicate that the register contains a point size in the form (S, 0, 0, 1). The point size controls the width or diameter of points for rasterization. This label cannot be used in fragment shaders.

When using this semantic, be sure to set the appropriate state in the Rasterizer first.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_TEXCOORD

Only available if pipe_caps.tgsi_texcoord is exposed !

Vertex shader outputs and fragment shader inputs may be labeled with this semantic to make them replaceable by sprite coordinates via the sprite_coord_enable state in the Rasterizer. The semantic index permitted with this semantic is limited to <= 7.

If the driver does not support TEXCOORD, sprite coordinate replacement applies to inputs with the GENERIC semantic instead.

The intended use case for this semantic is gl_TexCoord.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_PCOORD

Only available if pipe_caps.tgsi_texcoord is exposed !

Fragment shader inputs may be labeled with TGSI_SEMANTIC_PCOORD to indicate that the register contains sprite coordinates in the form (x, y, 0, 1), if the current primitive is a point and point sprites are enabled. Otherwise, the contents of the register are undefined.

The intended use case for this semantic is gl_PointCoord.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_GENERIC

All vertex/fragment shader inputs/outputs not labeled with any other semantic label can be considered to be generic attributes. Typical uses of generic inputs/outputs are texcoords and user-defined values.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_NORMAL

Indicates that a vertex shader input is a normal vector. This is typically only used for legacy graphics APIs.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_FACE

This label applies to fragment shader inputs (or system values, depending on which one is supported by the driver) and indicates that the register contains front/back-face information.

If it is an input, it will be a floating-point vector in the form (F, 0, 0, 1), where F will be positive when the fragment belongs to a front-facing polygon, and negative when the fragment belongs to a back-facing polygon.

If it is a system value, it will be an integer vector in the form (F, 0, 0, 1), where F is `0xffffffff` when the fragment belongs to a front-facing polygon and `0` when the fragment belongs to a back-facing polygon.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_EDGEFLAG

For vertex shaders, this semantic label indicates that an input or output is a boolean edge flag. The register layout is [F, x, x, x] where F is 0.0 or 1.0 and x = don’t care. Normally, the vertex shader simply copies the edge flag input to the edge flag output.

Edge flags are used to control which lines or points are actually drawn when the polygon mode converts triangles/quads/polygons into points or lines.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_STENCIL

For fragment shaders, this semantic label indicates that an output is a writable stencil reference value. Only the Y component is writable. This allows the fragment shader to change the fragments stencil reference value.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_VIEWPORT_INDEX

For geometry shaders, this semantic label indicates that an output contains the index of the viewport (and scissor) to use. This is an integer value, and only the X component is used.

If pipe_caps.vs_layer_viewport or pipe_caps.tes_layer_viewport is supported, then this semantic label can also be used in vertex or tessellation evaluation shaders, respectively. Only the value written in the last vertex processing stage is used.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_LAYER

For geometry shaders, this semantic label indicates that an output contains the layer value to use for the color and depth/stencil surfaces. This is an integer value, and only the X component is used. (Also known as rendertarget array index.)

If pipe_caps.vs_layer_viewport or pipe_caps.tes_layer_viewport is supported, then this semantic label can also be used in vertex or tessellation evaluation shaders, respectively. Only the value written in the last vertex processing stage is used.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_CLIPDIST

Note this covers clipping and culling distances.

When components of vertex elements are identified this way, these values are each assumed to be a float32 signed distance to a plane.

For clip distances: Primitive setup only invokes rasterization on pixels for which the interpolated plane distances are >= 0.

For cull distances: Primitives will be completely discarded if the plane distance for all of the vertices in the primitive are < 0. If a vertex has a cull distance of NaN, that vertex counts as “out” (as if its < 0);

Multiple clip/cull planes can be implemented simultaneously, by annotating multiple components of one or more vertex elements with the above specified semantic. The limits on both clip and cull distances are bound by the PIPE_MAX_CLIP_OR_CULL_DISTANCE_COUNT define which defines the maximum number of components that can be used to hold the distances and by the PIPE_MAX_CLIP_OR_CULL_DISTANCE_ELEMENT_COUNT which specifies the maximum number of registers which can be annotated with those semantics. The properties NUM_CLIPDIST_ENABLED and NUM_CULLDIST_ENABLED are used to divide up the 2 x vec4 space between clipping and culling.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_SAMPLEID

For fragment shaders, this semantic label indicates that a system value contains the current sample id (i.e. gl_SampleID) as an unsigned int. Only the X component is used. If per-sample shading is not enabled, the result is (0, undef, undef, undef).

Note that if the fragment shader uses this system value, the fragment shader is automatically executed at per sample frequency.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_SAMPLEPOS

For fragment shaders, this semantic label indicates that a system value contains the current sample’s position as float4(x, y, undef, undef) in the render target (i.e. gl_SamplePosition) when per-fragment shading is in effect. Position values are in the range [0, 1] where 0.5 is the center of the fragment.

Note that if the fragment shader uses this system value, the fragment shader is automatically executed at per sample frequency.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_SAMPLEMASK

For fragment shaders, this semantic label can be applied to either a shader system value input or output.

For a system value, the sample mask indicates the set of samples covered by the current primitive. If MSAA is not enabled, the value is (1, 0, 0, 0).

For an output, the sample mask is used to disable further sample processing.

For both, the register type is uint[4] but only the X component is used (i.e. gl_SampleMask[0]). Each bit corresponds to one sample position (up to 32x MSAA is supported).

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_INVOCATIONID

For geometry shaders, this semantic label indicates that a system value contains the current invocation id (i.e. gl_InvocationID). This is an integer value, and only the X component is used.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_INSTANCEID

For vertex shaders, this semantic label indicates that a system value contains the current instance id (i.e. gl_InstanceID). It does not include the base instance. This is an integer value, and only the X component is used.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_VERTEXID

For vertex shaders, this semantic label indicates that a system value contains the current vertex id (i.e. gl_VertexID). It does (unlike in d3d10) include the base vertex. This is an integer value, and only the X component is used.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_VERTEXID_NOBASE

For vertex shaders, this semantic label indicates that a system value contains the current vertex id without including the base vertex (this corresponds to d3d10 vertex id, so TGSI_SEMANTIC_VERTEXID_NOBASE + TGSI_SEMANTIC_BASEVERTEX == TGSI_SEMANTIC_VERTEXID). This is an integer value, and only the X component is used.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_BASEVERTEX

For vertex shaders, this semantic label indicates that a system value contains the base vertex (i.e. gl_BaseVertex). Note that for non-indexed draw calls, this contains the first (or start) value instead. This is an integer value, and only the X component is used.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_PRIMID

For geometry and fragment shaders, this semantic label indicates the value contains the primitive id (i.e. gl_PrimitiveID). This is an integer value, and only the X component is used. FIXME: This right now can be either a ordinary input or a system value…

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_PATCH

For tessellation evaluation/control shaders, this semantic label indicates a generic per-patch attribute. Such semantics will not implicitly be per-vertex arrays.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_TESSCOORD

For tessellation evaluation shaders, this semantic label indicates the coordinates of the vertex being processed. This is available in XYZ; W is undefined.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_TESSOUTER

For tessellation evaluation/control shaders, this semantic label indicates the outer tessellation levels of the patch. Isoline tessellation will only have XY defined, triangle will have XYZ and quads will have XYZW defined. This corresponds to gl_TessLevelOuter.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_TESSINNER

For tessellation evaluation/control shaders, this semantic label indicates the inner tessellation levels of the patch. The X value is only defined for triangle tessellation, while quads will have XY defined. This is entirely undefined for isoline tessellation.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_VERTICESIN

For tessellation evaluation/control shaders, this semantic label indicates the number of vertices provided in the input patch. Only the X value is defined.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_HELPER_INVOCATION

For fragment shaders, this semantic indicates whether the current invocation is covered or not. Helper invocations are created in order to properly compute derivatives, however it may be desirable to skip some of the logic in those cases. See `gl_HelperInvocation` documentation.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_BASEINSTANCE

For vertex shaders, the base instance argument supplied for this draw. This is an integer value, and only the X component is used.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_DRAWID

For vertex shaders, the zero-based index of the current draw in a `glMultiDraw*` invocation. This is an integer value, and only the X component is used.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_WORK_DIM

For compute shaders started via OpenCL this retrieves the work_dim parameter to the clEnqueueNDRangeKernel call with which the shader was started.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_GRID_SIZE

For compute shaders, this semantic indicates the maximum (x, y, z) dimensions of a grid of thread blocks.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_BLOCK_ID

For compute shaders, this semantic indicates the (x, y, z) coordinates of the current block inside of the grid.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_BLOCK_SIZE

For compute shaders, this semantic indicates the maximum (x, y, z) dimensions of a block in threads.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_THREAD_ID

For compute shaders, this semantic indicates the (x, y, z) coordinates of the current thread inside of the block.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_SIZE

This semantic indicates the subgroup size for the current invocation. This is an integer of at most 64, as it indicates the width of lanemasks. It does not depend on the number of invocations that are active.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_INVOCATION

The index of the current invocation within its subgroup.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_EQ_MASK

A bit mask of `bit index == TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_INVOCATION`, i.e. `1 << subgroup_invocation` in arbitrary precision arithmetic.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_GE_MASK

A bit mask of `bit index >= TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_INVOCATION`, i.e. `((1 << (subgroup_size - subgroup_invocation)) - 1) << subgroup_invocation` in arbitrary precision arithmetic.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_GT_MASK

A bit mask of `bit index > TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_INVOCATION`, i.e. `((1 << (subgroup_size - subgroup_invocation - 1)) - 1) << (subgroup_invocation + 1)` in arbitrary precision arithmetic.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_LE_MASK

A bit mask of `bit index <= TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_INVOCATION`, i.e. `(1 << (subgroup_invocation + 1)) - 1` in arbitrary precision arithmetic.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_LT_MASK

A bit mask of `bit index < TGSI_SEMANTIC_SUBGROUP_INVOCATION`, i.e. `(1 << subgroup_invocation) - 1` in arbitrary precision arithmetic.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_VIEWPORT_MASK

A bit mask of viewports to broadcast the current primitive to. See GL_NV_viewport_array2 for more details.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_TESS_DEFAULT_OUTER_LEVEL

A system value equal to the default_outer_level array set via set_tess_level.

#### TGSI_SEMANTIC_TESS_DEFAULT_INNER_LEVEL

A system value equal to the default_inner_level array set via set_tess_level.

### Declaration Interpolate

This token is only valid for fragment shader INPUT declarations.

The Interpolate field specifies the way input is being interpolated by the rasterizer and is one of TGSI_INTERPOLATE_*.

The Location field specifies the location inside the pixel that the interpolation should be done at, one of `TGSI_INTERPOLATE_LOC_*`. Note that when per-sample shading is enabled, the implementation may choose to interpolate at the sample irrespective of the Location field.

### Declaration Sampler View

Follows Declaration token if file is TGSI_FILE_SAMPLER_VIEW.

DCL SVIEW[#], resource, type(s)

Declares a shader input sampler view and assigns it to a SVIEW[#] register.

resource can be one of BUFFER, 1D, 2D, 3D, 1D_ARRAY and 2D_ARRAY.

type must be 1 or 4 entries (if specifying on a per-component level) out of UNORM, SNORM, SINT, UINT and FLOAT.

For TEX* style texture sample opcodes (as opposed to SAMPLE* opcodes which take an explicit SVIEW[#] source register), there may be optionally SVIEW[#] declarations. In this case, the SVIEW index is implied by the SAMP index, and there must be a corresponding SVIEW[#] declaration for each SAMP[#] declaration. Drivers are free to ignore this if they wish. But note in particular that some drivers need to know the sampler type (float/int/unsigned) in order to generate the correct code, so cases where integer textures are sampled, SVIEW[#] declarations should be used.

NOTE: It is NOT legal to mix SAMPLE* style opcodes and TEX* opcodes in the same shader.

### Declaration Resource

Follows Declaration token if file is TGSI_FILE_RESOURCE.

DCL RES[#], resource [, WR] [, RAW]

Declares a shader input resource and assigns it to a RES[#] register.

resource can be one of BUFFER, 1D, 2D, 3D, CUBE, 1D_ARRAY and 2D_ARRAY.

If the RAW keyword is not specified, the texture data will be subject to conversion, swizzling and scaling as required to yield the specified data type from the physical data format of the bound resource.

If the RAW keyword is specified, no channel conversion will be performed: the values read for each of the channels (X,Y,Z,W) will correspond to consecutive words in the same order and format they’re found in memory. No element-to-address conversion will be performed either: the value of the provided X coordinate will be interpreted in byte units instead of texel units. The result of accessing a misaligned address is undefined.

Usage of the STORE opcode is only allowed if the WR (writable) flag is set.

### Hardware Atomic Register File

Hardware atomics are declared as a 2D array with an optional array id.

The first member of the dimension is the buffer resource the atomic is located in. The second member is a range into the buffer resource, either for one or multiple counters. If this is an array, the declaration will have an unique array id.

Each counter is 4 bytes in size, and index and ranges are in counters not bytes. DCL HWATOMIC[0][0] DCL HWATOMIC[0][1]

This declares two atomics, one at the start of the buffer and one in the second 4 bytes.

DCL HWATOMIC[0][0] DCL HWATOMIC[1][0] DCL HWATOMIC[1][1..3], ARRAY(1)

This declares 5 atomics, one in buffer 0 at 0, one in buffer 1 at 0, and an array of 3 atomics in the buffer 1, starting at 1.

### Properties

Properties are general directives that apply to the whole TGSI program.

#### FS_COORD_ORIGIN

Specifies the fragment shader TGSI_SEMANTIC_POSITION coordinate origin. The default value is UPPER_LEFT.

If UPPER_LEFT, the position will be (0,0) at the upper left corner and increase downward and rightward. If LOWER_LEFT, the position will be (0,0) at the lower left corner and increase upward and rightward.

OpenGL defaults to LOWER_LEFT, and is configurable with the GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions extension.

DirectX 9/10 use UPPER_LEFT.

#### FS_COORD_PIXEL_CENTER

Specifies the fragment shader TGSI_SEMANTIC_POSITION pixel center convention. The default value is HALF_INTEGER.

If HALF_INTEGER, the fractional part of the position will be 0.5 If INTEGER, the fractional part of the position will be 0.0

Note that this does not affect the set of fragments generated by rasterization, which is instead controlled by half_pixel_center in the rasterizer.

OpenGL defaults to HALF_INTEGER, and is configurable with the GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions extension.

DirectX 9 uses INTEGER. DirectX 10 uses HALF_INTEGER.

#### FS_COLOR0_WRITES_ALL_CBUFS

Specifies that writes to the fragment shader color 0 are replicated to all bound cbufs. This facilitates OpenGL’s fragColor output vs fragData[0] where fragData is directed to a single color buffer, but fragColor is broadcast.

#### VS_PROHIBIT_UCPS

If this property is set on the program bound to the shader stage before the fragment shader, user clip planes should have no effect (be disabled) even if that shader does not write to any clip distance outputs and the rasterizer’s clip_plane_enable is non-zero. This property is only supported by drivers that also support shader clip distance outputs. This is useful for APIs that don’t have UCPs and where clip distances written by a shader cannot be disabled.

#### GS_INVOCATIONS

Specifies the number of times a geometry shader should be executed for each input primitive. Each invocation will have a different TGSI_SEMANTIC_INVOCATIONID system value set. If not specified, assumed to be 1.

#### VS_WINDOW_SPACE_POSITION

If this property is set on the vertex shader, the TGSI_SEMANTIC_POSITION output is assumed to contain window space coordinates. Division of X,Y,Z by W and the viewport transformation are disabled, and 1/W is directly taken from the 4-th component of the shader output. Naturally, clipping is not performed on window coordinates either. The effect of this property is undefined if a geometry or tessellation shader are in use.

#### TCS_VERTICES_OUT

The number of vertices written by the tessellation control shader. This effectively defines the patch input size of the tessellation evaluation shader as well.

#### TES_PRIM_MODE

This sets the tessellation primitive mode, one of `MESA_PRIM_TRIANGLES`, `MESA_PRIM_QUADS`, or `MESA_PRIM_LINES`. (Unlike in GL, there is no separate isolines settings, the regular lines is assumed to mean isolines.)

#### TES_SPACING

This sets the spacing mode of the tessellation generator, one of `PIPE_TESS_SPACING_*`.

#### TES_VERTEX_ORDER_CW

This sets the vertex order to be clockwise if the value is 1, or counter-clockwise if set to 0.

#### TES_POINT_MODE

If set to a non-zero value, this turns on point mode for the tessellator, which means that points will be generated instead of primitives.

#### NUM_CLIPDIST_ENABLED

How many clip distance scalar outputs are enabled.

#### NUM_CULLDIST_ENABLED

How many cull distance scalar outputs are enabled.

#### FS_EARLY_DEPTH_STENCIL

Whether depth test, stencil test, and occlusion query should run before the fragment shader (regardless of fragment shader side effects). Corresponds to GLSL early_fragment_tests.

#### NEXT_SHADER

Which shader stage will MOST LIKELY follow after this shader when the shader is bound. This is only a hint to the driver and doesn’t have to be precise. Only set for VS and TES.

#### CS_FIXED_BLOCK_WIDTH / HEIGHT / DEPTH

Threads per block in each dimension, if known at compile time. If the block size is known all three should be at least 1. If it is unknown they should all be set to 0 or not set.

#### LEGACY_MATH_RULES

The MUL TGSI operation (FP32 multiplication) will return 0 if either of the operands are equal to 0. That means that 0 * Inf = 0. This should be set the same way for an entire pipeline. Note that this applies not only to the literal MUL TGSI opcode, but all FP32 multiplications implied by other operations, such as MAD, FMA, DP2, DP3, DP4, DST, LOG, LRP, and possibly others. If there is a mismatch between shaders, then it is unspecified whether this behavior will be enabled.

#### FS_POST_DEPTH_COVERAGE

When enabled, the input for TGSI_SEMANTIC_SAMPLEMASK will exclude samples that have failed the depth/stencil tests. This is only valid when FS_EARLY_DEPTH_STENCIL is also specified.

#### LAYER_VIEWPORT_RELATIVE

When enabled, the TGSI_SEMATNIC_LAYER output value is relative to the current viewport. This is especially useful in conjunction with TGSI_SEMANTIC_VIEWPORT_MASK.

## Texture Sampling and Texture Formats

This table shows how texture image components are returned as (x,y,z,w) tuples by TGSI texture instructions, such as `TEX`, `TXD`, and `TXP`. For reference, OpenGL and Direct3D conventions are shown as well.

Texture Components | Gallium | OpenGL | Direct3D 9
--- | --- | --- | ---
R | (r, 0, 0, 1) | (r, 0, 0, 1) | (r, 1, 1, 1)
RG | (r, g, 0, 1) | (r, g, 0, 1) | (r, g, 1, 1)
RGB | (r, g, b, 1) | (r, g, b, 1) | (r, g, b, 1)
RGBA | (r, g, b, a) | (r, g, b, a) | (r, g, b, a)
A | (0, 0, 0, a) | (0, 0, 0, a) | (0, 0, 0, a)
L | (l, l, l, 1) | (l, l, l, 1) | (l, l, l, 1)
LA | (l, l, l, a) | (l, l, l, a) | (l, l, l, a)
I | (i, i, i, i) | (i, i, i, i) | N/A
UV | XXX TBD | (0, 0, 0, 1) [1] | (u, v, 1, 1)
Z | (z, z, z, z) | (z, z, z, 1) [2] | (0, z, 0, 1)
S | (s, s, s, s) | unknown | unknown

[1]

https://registry.khronos.org/OpenGL/extensions/ATI/ATI_envmap_bumpmap.txt

[2]

the default is (z, z, z, 1) but may also be (0, 0, 0, z) or (z, z, z, z) depending on the value of GL_DEPTH_TEXTURE_MODE.