------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Properties relating Any to various list functions
------------------------------------------------------------------------

module Data.List.Any.Properties where

open import Algebra
open import Category.Monad
open import Data.Bool
open import Data.Bool.Properties
open import Data.Empty
open import Data.Function
open import Data.Function.Equality as FunS
  using (_⟶_; _⟨$⟩_; _⇨_)
import Data.Function.Injection as Inj
open import Data.List as List
open RawMonad List.monad
open import Data.List.Any as Any using (Any; here; there)
open import Data.Nat as Nat
import Data.Nat.Properties as NatProp
open import Data.Product as Prod hiding (map)
open import Data.Sum as Sum using (_⊎_; inj₁; inj₂; [_,_]′)
open import Level
open import Relation.Unary using ( _⟨×⟩_; _⟨→⟩_) renaming (_⊆_ to _⋐_)
open import Relation.Binary
import Relation.Binary.EqReasoning as EqReasoning
import Relation.Binary.List.Pointwise as ListEq
open import Relation.Binary.HeterogeneousEquality using (_≅_; refl)
open import Relation.Binary.Product.Pointwise
open import Relation.Binary.PropositionalEquality as P
  using (_≡_; _≢_; refl; inspect; _with-≡_)
import Relation.Binary.Props.DecTotalOrder as DTOProps
open import Relation.Nullary
open import Relation.Nullary.Negation

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Lemmas related to Any

-- Any.map is functorial.

map-id : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} (f : P ⋐ P) {xs} →
         (∀ {x} (p : P x) → f p ≡ p) →
         (p : Any P xs) → Any.map f p ≡ p
map-id f hyp (here  p) = P.cong here (hyp p)
map-id f hyp (there p) = P.cong there $ map-id f hyp p

map-∘ : ∀ {A} {P Q R : A → Set} (f : Q ⋐ R) (g : P ⋐ Q)
        {xs} (p : Any P xs) →
        Any.map (f ∘ g) p ≡ Any.map f (Any.map g p)
map-∘ f g (here  p) = refl
map-∘ f g (there p) = P.cong there $ map-∘ f g p

-- Introduction (⁺) and elimination (⁻) rules for map.

map⁺ : ∀ {A B} {P : B → Set} {f : A → B} {xs} →
       Any (P ∘ f) xs → Any P (map f xs)
map⁺ (here p)  = here p
map⁺ (there p) = there $ map⁺ p

map⁻ : ∀ {A B} {P : B → Set} {f : A → B} {xs} →
       Any P (map f xs) → Any (P ∘ f) xs
map⁻ {xs = []}     ()
map⁻ {xs = x ∷ xs} (here p)  = here p
map⁻ {xs = x ∷ xs} (there p) = there $ map⁻ p

-- The rules are inverses.

map⁺∘map⁻ : ∀ {A B : Set} {P : B → Set} {f : A → B} {xs} →
            (p : Any P (List.map f xs)) →
            map⁺ (map⁻ p) ≡ p
map⁺∘map⁻ {xs = []}     ()
map⁺∘map⁻ {xs = x ∷ xs} (here  p) = refl
map⁺∘map⁻ {xs = x ∷ xs} (there p) = P.cong there (map⁺∘map⁻ p)

map⁻∘map⁺ : ∀ {A B} (P : B → Set) {f : A → B} {xs} →
            (p : Any (P ∘ f) xs) →
            map⁻ {P = P} (map⁺ p) ≡ p
map⁻∘map⁺ P (here  p) = refl
map⁻∘map⁺ P (there p) = P.cong there (map⁻∘map⁺ P p)

-- Introduction and elimination rules for _++_.

++⁺ˡ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} {xs ys} →
       Any P xs → Any P (xs ++ ys)
++⁺ˡ (here p)  = here p
++⁺ˡ (there p) = there (++⁺ˡ p)

++⁺ʳ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} xs {ys} →
       Any P ys → Any P (xs ++ ys)
++⁺ʳ []       p = p
++⁺ʳ (x ∷ xs) p = there (++⁺ʳ xs p)

++⁻ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} xs {ys} →
      Any P (xs ++ ys) → Any P xs ⊎ Any P ys
++⁻ []       p         = inj₂ p
++⁻ (x ∷ xs) (here p)  = inj₁ (here p)
++⁻ (x ∷ xs) (there p) = Sum.map there id (++⁻ xs p)

-- The rules are inverses.

++⁺∘++⁻ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} xs {ys}
          (p : Any P (xs ++ ys)) →
          [ ++⁺ˡ , ++⁺ʳ xs ]′ (++⁻ xs p) ≡ p
++⁺∘++⁻ []       p         = refl
++⁺∘++⁻ (x ∷ xs) (here  p) = refl
++⁺∘++⁻ (x ∷ xs) (there p) with ++⁻ xs p | ++⁺∘++⁻ xs p
++⁺∘++⁻ (x ∷ xs) (there p) | inj₁ p′ | ih = P.cong there ih
++⁺∘++⁻ (x ∷ xs) (there p) | inj₂ p′ | ih = P.cong there ih

++⁻∘++⁺ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} xs {ys} (p : Any P xs ⊎ Any P ys) →
          ++⁻ xs ([ ++⁺ˡ , ++⁺ʳ xs ]′ p) ≡ p
++⁻∘++⁺ []            (inj₁ ())
++⁻∘++⁺ []            (inj₂ p)         = refl
++⁻∘++⁺ (x ∷ xs)      (inj₁ (here  p)) = refl
++⁻∘++⁺ (x ∷ xs) {ys} (inj₁ (there p)) rewrite ++⁻∘++⁺ xs {ys} (inj₁ p) = refl
++⁻∘++⁺ (x ∷ xs)      (inj₂ p)         rewrite ++⁻∘++⁺ xs      (inj₂ p) = refl

-- Introduction and elimination rules for return.

return⁺ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} {x} →
          P x → Any P (return x)
return⁺ = here

return⁻ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} {x} →
          Any P (return x) → P x
return⁻ (here p)   = p
return⁻ (there ())

-- The rules are inverses.

return⁺∘return⁻ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} {x} (p : Any P (return x)) →
                  return⁺ (return⁻ p) ≡ p
return⁺∘return⁻ (here p)   = refl
return⁺∘return⁻ (there ())

return⁻∘return⁺ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} {x} (p : P x) →
                  return⁻ {P = P} (return⁺ p) ≡ p
return⁻∘return⁺ p = refl

-- Introduction and elimination rules for concat.

concat⁺ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} {xss} →
          Any (Any P) xss → Any P (concat xss)
concat⁺ (here p)           = ++⁺ˡ p
concat⁺ (there {x = xs} p) = ++⁺ʳ xs (concat⁺ p)

concat⁻ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} xss →
          Any P (concat xss) → Any (Any P) xss
concat⁻ []               ()
concat⁻ ([]       ∷ xss) p         = there $ concat⁻ xss p
concat⁻ ((x ∷ xs) ∷ xss) (here p)  = here (here p)
concat⁻ ((x ∷ xs) ∷ xss) (there p)
  with concat⁻ (xs ∷ xss) p
... | here  p′ = here (there p′)
... | there p′ = there p′

-- The rules are inverses.

concat⁻∘++⁺ˡ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} {xs} xss (p : Any P xs) →
               concat⁻ (xs ∷ xss) (++⁺ˡ p) ≡ here p
concat⁻∘++⁺ˡ xss (here  p) = refl
concat⁻∘++⁺ˡ xss (there p) rewrite concat⁻∘++⁺ˡ xss p = refl

concat⁻∘++⁺ʳ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} xs xss (p : Any P (concat xss)) →
               concat⁻ (xs ∷ xss) (++⁺ʳ xs p) ≡ there (concat⁻ xss p)
concat⁻∘++⁺ʳ []       xss p = refl
concat⁻∘++⁺ʳ (x ∷ xs) xss p rewrite concat⁻∘++⁺ʳ xs xss p = refl

concat⁺∘concat⁻ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} xss (p : Any P (concat xss)) →
                  concat⁺ (concat⁻ xss p) ≡ p
concat⁺∘concat⁻ []               ()
concat⁺∘concat⁻ ([]       ∷ xss) p         = concat⁺∘concat⁻ xss p
concat⁺∘concat⁻ ((x ∷ xs) ∷ xss) (here p)  = refl
concat⁺∘concat⁻ ((x ∷ xs) ∷ xss) (there p)
  with concat⁻ (xs ∷ xss) p | concat⁺∘concat⁻ (xs ∷ xss) p
concat⁺∘concat⁻ ((x ∷ xs) ∷ xss) (there .(++⁺ˡ p′))              | here  p′ | refl = refl
concat⁺∘concat⁻ ((x ∷ xs) ∷ xss) (there .(++⁺ʳ xs (concat⁺ p′))) | there p′ | refl = refl

concat⁻∘concat⁺ : ∀ {A} {P : A → Set} {xss} (p : Any (Any P) xss) →
                  concat⁻ xss (concat⁺ p) ≡ p
concat⁻∘concat⁺ (here                      p) = concat⁻∘++⁺ˡ _ p
concat⁻∘concat⁺ (there {x = xs} {xs = xss} p)
  rewrite concat⁻∘++⁺ʳ xs xss (concat⁺ p) =
    P.cong there $ concat⁻∘concat⁺ p

-- Introduction and elimination rules for _>>=_.

>>=⁺ : ∀ {A B P xs} {f : A → List B} →
       Any (Any P ∘ f) xs → Any P (xs >>= f)
>>=⁺ = concat⁺ ∘ map⁺

>>=⁻ : ∀ {A B P} xs {f : A → List B} →
       Any P (xs >>= f) → Any (Any P ∘ f) xs
>>=⁻ _ = map⁻ ∘ concat⁻ _

-- The rules are inverses.

>>=⁺∘>>=⁻ : ∀ {A B P} xs {f : A → List B} (p : Any P (xs >>= f)) →
            >>=⁺ (>>=⁻ xs p) ≡ p
>>=⁺∘>>=⁻ xs {f} p rewrite map⁺∘map⁻ (concat⁻ (map f xs) p) =
  concat⁺∘concat⁻ (map f xs) p

>>=⁻∘>>=⁺ : ∀ {A B P xs} {f : A → List B} (p : Any (Any P ∘ f) xs) →
            >>=⁻ xs (>>=⁺ p) ≡ p
>>=⁻∘>>=⁺ {P = P} p rewrite concat⁻∘concat⁺ (map⁺ p) =
  map⁻∘map⁺ (Any P) p

-- Introduction and elimination rules for _⊛_.

⊛⁺ : ∀ {A B P} {fs : List (A → B)} {xs} →
     Any (λ f → Any (P ∘ f) xs) fs → Any P (fs ⊛ xs)
⊛⁺ = >>=⁺ ∘ Any.map (>>=⁺ ∘ Any.map return⁺)

⊛⁺′ : ∀ {A B P Q} {fs : List (A → B)} {xs} →
      Any (P ⟨→⟩ Q) fs → Any P xs → Any Q (fs ⊛ xs)
⊛⁺′ pq p = ⊛⁺ (Any.map (λ pq → Any.map (λ {x} → pq {x}) p) pq)

⊛⁻ : ∀ {A B P} (fs : List (A → B)) xs →
     Any P (fs ⊛ xs) → Any (λ f → Any (P ∘ f) xs) fs
⊛⁻ fs xs = Any.map (Any.map return⁻ ∘ >>=⁻ xs) ∘ >>=⁻ fs

-- The rules are inverses.

⊛⁺∘⊛⁻ : ∀ {A B P} (fs : List (A → B))
        xs (p : Any P (fs ⊛ xs)) → ⊛⁺ (⊛⁻ fs xs p) ≡ p
⊛⁺∘⊛⁻ {A} {B} {P} fs xs p = begin
  ⊛⁺ (⊛⁻ fs xs p)                                                  ≡⟨ P.cong >>=⁺ $ P.sym $
                                                                        map-∘ (>>=⁺ {P = P} ∘ Any.map return⁺)
                                                                              (Any.map return⁻ ∘ >>=⁻ {P = P} xs)
                                                                              (>>=⁻ fs p) ⟩
  >>=⁺ (Any.map (>>=⁺ {P = P} ∘ Any.map return⁺ ∘
                 Any.map return⁻ ∘ >>=⁻ {P = P} xs)
                (>>=⁻ fs p))                                       ≡⟨ P.cong >>=⁺ (flip (map-id _) (>>=⁻ fs p) (λ p′ → begin

    >>=⁺ (Any.map return⁺ (Any.map (return⁻ {P = P}) (>>=⁻ xs p′)))  ≡⟨ P.cong >>=⁺ $ P.sym $
                                                                          map-∘ return⁺ (return⁻ {P = P}) (>>=⁻ xs p′) ⟩
    >>=⁺ (Any.map (return⁺ ∘′ return⁻ {P = P}) (>>=⁻ xs p′))         ≡⟨ P.cong >>=⁺ (map-id _ return⁺∘return⁻ (>>=⁻ xs p′)) ⟩
    >>=⁺ (>>=⁻ xs p′)                                                ≡⟨ >>=⁺∘>>=⁻ xs p′ ⟩
    p′                                                               ∎)) ⟩

  >>=⁺ (>>=⁻ fs p)                                                 ≡⟨ >>=⁺∘>>=⁻ fs p ⟩
  p                                                                ∎
  where open P.≡-Reasoning

⊛⁻∘⊛⁺ : ∀ {A B} {P : B → Set} {fs : List (A → B)} {xs}
        (p : Any (λ f → Any (P ∘ f) xs) fs) →
        ⊛⁻ {P = P} fs xs (⊛⁺ p) ≡ p
⊛⁻∘⊛⁺ {P = P} {fs} {xs} p =
  helper₁ (>>=⁻∘>>=⁺ (Any.map (>>=⁺ {P = P} ∘ Any.map return⁺) p))
  where
  open P.≡-Reasoning

  helper₂ : ∀ {f} (p : Any (P ∘ f) xs) →
            Any.map return⁻ (>>=⁻ {P = P} xs
                            (>>=⁺ (Any.map return⁺ p))) ≡ p
  helper₂ p rewrite >>=⁻∘>>=⁺ {P = P} (Any.map return⁺ p) = begin
    Any.map return⁻ (Any.map return⁺ p) ≡⟨ P.sym (map-∘ (return⁻ {P = P}) return⁺ p) ⟩
    Any.map id p                        ≡⟨ map-id id (λ _ → refl) p ⟩
    p                                   ∎

  helper₁ : ∀ {p′} →
            p′ ≡ Any.map (>>=⁺ {P = P} ∘ Any.map return⁺) p →
            Any.map (Any.map return⁻ ∘ >>=⁻ xs) p′ ≡ p
  helper₁ refl
    rewrite P.sym (map-∘ (Any.map return⁻ ∘ >>=⁻ xs)
                         (>>=⁺ {P = P} ∘ Any.map return⁺) p) =
      map-id _ helper₂ p

-- Introduction and elimination rules for _⊗_.

⊗⁺ : ∀ {A B P} {xs : List A} {ys : List B} →
     Any (λ x → Any (λ y → P (x , y)) ys) xs → Any P (xs ⊗ ys)
⊗⁺ = ⊛⁺ ∘′ ⊛⁺ ∘′ return⁺

⊗⁺′ : ∀ {A B} {P : A → Set} {Q : B → Set} {xs ys} →
      Any P xs → Any Q ys → Any (P ⟨×⟩ Q) (xs ⊗ ys)
⊗⁺′ p q = ⊗⁺ (Any.map (λ p → Any.map (λ q → (p , q)) q) p)

⊗⁻ : ∀ {A B P} (xs : List A) (ys : List B) →
     Any P (xs ⊗ ys) → Any (λ x → Any (λ y → P (x , y)) ys) xs
⊗⁻ _ _ = return⁻ ∘ ⊛⁻ _ _ ∘ ⊛⁻ _ _

⊗⁻′ : ∀ {A B} {P : A → Set} {Q : B → Set} xs ys →
      Any (P ⟨×⟩ Q) (xs ⊗ ys) → Any P xs × Any Q ys
⊗⁻′ _ _ pq =
  (Any.map (proj₁ ∘ proj₂ ∘ Any.satisfied) lem ,
   (Any.map proj₂ $ proj₂ (Any.satisfied lem)))
  where lem = ⊗⁻ _ _ pq

-- Any and any are related via T.

any⁺ : ∀ {A} (p : A → Bool) {xs} →
       Any (T ∘ p) xs → T (any p xs)
any⁺ p (here  px)          = proj₂ T-∨ (inj₁ px)
any⁺ p (there {x = x} pxs) with p x
... | true  = _
... | false = any⁺ p pxs

any⁻ : ∀ {A} (p : A → Bool) xs →
       T (any p xs) → Any (T ∘ p) xs
any⁻ p []       ()
any⁻ p (x ∷ xs) px∷xs with inspect (p x)
any⁻ p (x ∷ xs) px∷xs | true  with-≡ eq = here (proj₂ T-≡ $ P.sym eq)
any⁻ p (x ∷ xs) px∷xs | false with-≡ eq with p x
any⁻ p (x ∷ xs) pxs   | false with-≡ refl | .false =
  there (any⁻ p xs pxs)

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Lemmas related to _∈_, parameterised on underlying equalities

module Membership₁ (S : Setoid zero zero) where

  open Any.Membership S
  private
    open module S = Setoid S using (_≈_)
    open module [M] = Any.Membership (ListEq.setoid S)
      using () renaming (_∈_ to _[∈]_; _⊆_ to _[⊆]_)
    open module M≡ = Any.Membership-≡
      using () renaming (_∈_ to _∈≡_; _⊆_ to _⊆≡_)

  -- Any is monotone.

  mono : ∀ {P xs ys} →
         P Respects _≈_ → xs ⊆ ys → Any P xs → Any P ys
  mono resp xs⊆ys pxs with find pxs
  ... | (x , x∈xs , px) = lose resp (xs⊆ys x∈xs) px

  -- _++_ is monotone.

  _++-mono_ : ∀ {xs₁ xs₂ ys₁ ys₂} →
              xs₁ ⊆ ys₁ → xs₂ ⊆ ys₂ → xs₁ ++ xs₂ ⊆ ys₁ ++ ys₂
  _++-mono_ {ys₁ = ys₁} xs₁⊆ys₁ xs₂⊆ys₂ =
    [ ++⁺ˡ ∘ xs₁⊆ys₁ , ++⁺ʳ ys₁ ∘ xs₂⊆ys₂ ]′ ∘ ++⁻ _

  -- _++_ is idempotent.

  ++-idempotent : ∀ {xs} → xs ++ xs ⊆ xs
  ++-idempotent = [ id , id ]′ ∘ ++⁻ _

  -- _++_ is commutative.

  ++-comm : ∀ xs ys → xs ++ ys ⊆ ys ++ xs
  ++-comm xs ys = [ ++⁺ʳ ys , ++⁺ˡ ]′ ∘ ++⁻ xs

  -- Introduction and elimination rules for concat.

  concat-∈⁺ : ∀ {x xs xss} →
              x ∈ xs → xs [∈] xss → x ∈ concat xss
  concat-∈⁺ x∈xs xs∈xss =
    concat⁺ (Any.map (λ xs≈ys → Pre.reflexive xs≈ys x∈xs) xs∈xss)
    where module Pre = Preorder ⊆-preorder

  concat-∈⁻ : ∀ {x} xss → x ∈ concat xss →
              ∃ λ xs → x ∈ xs × xs [∈] xss
  concat-∈⁻ xss x∈ = Prod.map id swap $ [M].find (concat⁻ xss x∈)

  -- concat is monotone.

  concat-mono : ∀ {xss yss} →
                xss [⊆] yss → concat xss ⊆ concat yss
  concat-mono {xss = xss} xss⊆yss x∈ with concat-∈⁻ xss x∈
  ... | (xs , x∈xs , xs∈xss) = concat-∈⁺ x∈xs (xss⊆yss xs∈xss)

  -- any is monotone.

  any-mono : ∀ p → (T ∘ p) Respects _≈_ →
             ∀ {xs ys} → xs ⊆ ys → T (any p xs) → T (any p ys)
  any-mono p resp xs⊆ys = any⁺ p ∘ mono resp xs⊆ys ∘ any⁻ p _

  -- Introduction and elimination rules for map-with-∈.

  map-with-∈-∈⁺ : ∀ {A} {xs : List A}
                  (f : ∀ {x} → x ∈≡ xs → S.Carrier) {x} →
                  (x∈xs : x ∈≡ xs) → f x∈xs ∈ M≡.map-with-∈ xs f
  map-with-∈-∈⁺ f (here refl)  = here S.refl
  map-with-∈-∈⁺ f (there x∈xs) = there $ map-with-∈-∈⁺ (f ∘ there) x∈xs

  map-with-∈-∈⁻ : ∀ {A} {xs : List A}
                  (f : ∀ {x} → x ∈≡ xs → S.Carrier) {fx∈xs} →
                  fx∈xs ∈ M≡.map-with-∈ xs f →
                  ∃ λ x → Σ (x ∈≡ xs) λ x∈xs → fx∈xs ≈ f x∈xs
  map-with-∈-∈⁻ {xs = []}     f ()
  map-with-∈-∈⁻ {xs = y ∷ xs} f (here fx≈)   = (y , here refl , fx≈)
  map-with-∈-∈⁻ {xs = y ∷ xs} f (there x∈xs) =
    Prod.map id (Prod.map there id) $ map-with-∈-∈⁻ (f ∘ there) x∈xs

  -- map-with-∈ is monotone.

  map-with-∈-mono :
    ∀ {A} {xs : List A} {f : ∀ {x} → x ∈≡ xs → S.Carrier}
          {ys : List A} {g : ∀ {x} → x ∈≡ ys → S.Carrier} →
    (xs⊆ys : xs ⊆≡ ys) →
    (∀ {x} (x∈xs : x ∈≡ xs) → f x∈xs ≈ g (xs⊆ys x∈xs)) →
    M≡.map-with-∈ xs f ⊆ M≡.map-with-∈ ys g
  map-with-∈-mono {f = f} {g = g} xs⊆ys f≈g {fx∈xs} fx∈xs∈
    with map-with-∈-∈⁻ f fx∈xs∈
  ... | (x , x∈xs , fx∈xs≈) =
    Any.map (λ {y} g[xs⊆ys-x∈xs]≈y → begin
               fx∈xs           ≈⟨ fx∈xs≈ ⟩
               f x∈xs          ≈⟨ f≈g x∈xs ⟩
               g (xs⊆ys x∈xs)  ≈⟨ g[xs⊆ys-x∈xs]≈y ⟩
               y               ∎) $
            map-with-∈-∈⁺ g (xs⊆ys x∈xs)
    where open EqReasoning S

  -- Only a finite number of distinct elements can be members of a
  -- given list.

  finite : (f : Inj.Injection (P.setoid ℕ) S) →
           ∀ xs → ¬ (∀ i → Inj.Injection.to f ⟨$⟩ i ∈ xs)
  finite inj []       ∈[]   with ∈[] zero
  ... | ()
  finite inj (x ∷ xs) ∈x∷xs = excluded-middle helper
    where
    open Inj.Injection inj

    module DTO = DecTotalOrder Nat.decTotalOrder
    module STO = StrictTotalOrder
                   (DTOProps.strictTotalOrder Nat.decTotalOrder)
    module CS  = CommutativeSemiring NatProp.commutativeSemiring

    not-x : ∀ {i} → ¬ (to ⟨$⟩ i ≈ x) → to ⟨$⟩ i ∈ xs
    not-x {i} ≉x with ∈x∷xs i
    ... | here  ≈x  = ⊥-elim (≉x ≈x)
    ... | there ∈xs = ∈xs

    helper : ¬ Dec (∃ λ i → to ⟨$⟩ i ≈ x)
    helper (no ≉x)        = finite inj  xs (λ i → not-x (≉x ∘ _,_ i))
    helper (yes (i , ≈x)) = finite inj′ xs ∈xs
      where
      open P

      f : ℕ → S.Carrier
      f j with STO.compare i j
      f j | tri< _ _ _ = to ⟨$⟩ suc j
      f j | tri≈ _ _ _ = to ⟨$⟩ suc j
      f j | tri> _ _ _ = to ⟨$⟩ j

      ∈-if-not-i : ∀ {j} → i ≢ j → to ⟨$⟩ j ∈ xs
      ∈-if-not-i i≢j = not-x (i≢j ∘ injective ∘ S.trans ≈x ∘ S.sym)

      lemma : ∀ {k j} → k ≤ j → suc j ≢ k
      lemma 1+j≤j refl = NatProp.1+n≰n 1+j≤j

      ∈xs : ∀ j → f j ∈ xs
      ∈xs j with STO.compare i j
      ∈xs j  | tri< (i≤j , _) _ _ = ∈-if-not-i (lemma i≤j ∘ sym)
      ∈xs j  | tri> _ i≢j _       = ∈-if-not-i i≢j
      ∈xs .i | tri≈ _ refl _      =
        ∈-if-not-i (NatProp.m≢1+m+n i ∘
                    subst (_≡_ i ∘ suc) (sym $ proj₂ CS.+-identity i))

      injective′ : Inj.Injective {B = S} (→-to-⟶ f)
      injective′ {j} {k} eq with STO.compare i j | STO.compare i k
      ... | tri< _ _ _         | tri< _ _ _         = cong pred                                   $ injective eq
      ... | tri< _ _ _         | tri≈ _ _ _         = cong pred                                   $ injective eq
      ... | tri< (i≤j , _) _ _ | tri> _ _ (k≤i , _) = ⊥-elim (lemma (DTO.trans k≤i i≤j)           $ injective eq)
      ... | tri≈ _ _ _         | tri< _ _ _         = cong pred                                   $ injective eq
      ... | tri≈ _ _ _         | tri≈ _ _ _         = cong pred                                   $ injective eq
      ... | tri≈ _ i≡j _       | tri> _ _ (k≤i , _) = ⊥-elim (lemma (subst (_≤_ k) i≡j k≤i)       $ injective eq)
      ... | tri> _ _ (j≤i , _) | tri< (i≤k , _) _ _ = ⊥-elim (lemma (DTO.trans j≤i i≤k)     $ sym $ injective eq)
      ... | tri> _ _ (j≤i , _) | tri≈ _ i≡k _       = ⊥-elim (lemma (subst (_≤_ j) i≡k j≤i) $ sym $ injective eq)
      ... | tri> _ _ (j≤i , _) | tri> _ _ (k≤i , _) =                                               injective eq

      inj′ = record { to = →-to-⟶ f; injective = injective′ }

module Membership₂ (S₁ S₂ : Setoid zero zero) where

  private
    open module S₁ = Setoid S₁ using () renaming (_≈_ to _≈₁_)
    open module S₂ = Setoid S₂ using () renaming (_≈_ to _≈₂_)
    LS₂            = ListEq.setoid S₂
    open module M₁ = Any.Membership S₁
      using () renaming (_∈_ to _∈₁_; _⊆_ to _⊆₁_)
    open module M₂ = Any.Membership S₂
      using () renaming (_∈_ to _∈₂_; _⊆_ to _⊆₂_)
    open module M₁₂ = Any.Membership (S₁ ⇨ S₂)
      using () renaming (_∈_ to _∈₁₂_; _⊆_ to _⊆₁₂_)
    open Any.Membership (S₁ ×-setoid S₂)
      using () renaming (_⊆_ to _⊆₁,₂_)

  -- Introduction and elimination rules for map.

  map-∈⁺ : ∀ (f : S₁ ⟶ S₂) {x xs} →
           x ∈₁ xs → f ⟨$⟩ x ∈₂ map (_⟨$⟩_ f) xs
  map-∈⁺ f = map⁺ ∘ Any.map (FunS.cong f)

  map-∈⁻ : ∀ {f fx} xs →
           fx ∈₂ map f xs → ∃ λ x → x ∈₁ xs × fx ≈₂ f x
  map-∈⁻ _ fx∈ = M₁.find (map⁻ fx∈)

  -- map is monotone.

  map-mono : ∀ (f : S₁ ⟶ S₂) {xs ys} →
             xs ⊆₁ ys → map (_⟨$⟩_ f) xs ⊆₂ map (_⟨$⟩_ f) ys
  map-mono f xs⊆ys fx∈ with map-∈⁻ _ fx∈
  ... | (x , x∈ , eq) = Any.map (S₂.trans eq) (map-∈⁺ f (xs⊆ys x∈))

  -- Introduction and elimination rules for _>>=_.

  >>=-∈⁺ : ∀ (f : S₁ ⟶ LS₂) {x y xs} →
           x ∈₁ xs → y ∈₂ f ⟨$⟩ x → y ∈₂ (xs >>= _⟨$⟩_ f)
  >>=-∈⁺ f x∈xs y∈fx =
    >>=⁺ (Any.map (flip M₂.∈-resp-list-≈ y∈fx ∘ FunS.cong f) x∈xs)

  >>=-∈⁻ : ∀ (f : S₁ ⟶ LS₂) {y} xs →
           y ∈₂ (xs >>= _⟨$⟩_ f) → ∃ λ x → x ∈₁ xs × y ∈₂ f ⟨$⟩ x
  >>=-∈⁻ f xs y∈ = M₁.find (>>=⁻ xs y∈)

  -- _>>=_ is monotone.

  >>=-mono : ∀ (f g : S₁ ⟶ LS₂) {xs ys} →
             xs ⊆₁ ys → (∀ {x} → f ⟨$⟩ x ⊆₂ g ⟨$⟩ x) →
             (xs >>= _⟨$⟩_ f) ⊆₂ (ys >>= _⟨$⟩_ g)
  >>=-mono f g {xs} xs⊆ys f⊆g z∈ with >>=-∈⁻ f xs z∈
  ... | (x , x∈xs , z∈fx) = >>=-∈⁺ g (xs⊆ys x∈xs) (f⊆g z∈fx)

  -- Introduction and elimination rules for _⊛_.

  private

    infixl 4 _⟨⊛⟩_

    _⟨⊛⟩_ : List (S₁ ⟶ S₂) → List S₁.Carrier → List S₂.Carrier
    fs ⟨⊛⟩ xs = map _⟨$⟩_ fs ⊛ xs

  ⊛-∈⁺ : ∀ f {fs x xs} →
         f ∈₁₂ fs → x ∈₁ xs → f ⟨$⟩ x ∈₂ fs ⟨⊛⟩ xs
  ⊛-∈⁺ _ f∈fs x∈xs =
    ⊛⁺′ (map⁺ (Any.map (λ f≈g x≈y → f≈g x≈y) f∈fs)) x∈xs

  ⊛-∈⁻ : ∀ fs xs {fx} → fx ∈₂ fs ⟨⊛⟩ xs →
         ∃₂ λ f x → f ∈₁₂ fs × x ∈₁ xs × fx ≈₂ f ⟨$⟩ x
  ⊛-∈⁻ fs xs fx∈ with M₁₂.find $ map⁻ (⊛⁻ (map _⟨$⟩_ fs) xs fx∈)
  ... | (f , f∈fs , x∈) with M₁.find x∈
  ...   | (x , x∈xs , fx≈fx) = (f , x , f∈fs , x∈xs , fx≈fx)

  -- _⊛_ is monotone.

  _⊛-mono_ : ∀ {fs gs xs ys} →
             fs ⊆₁₂ gs → xs ⊆₁ ys → fs ⟨⊛⟩ xs ⊆₂ gs ⟨⊛⟩ ys
  _⊛-mono_ {fs = fs} {xs = xs} fs⊆gs xs⊆ys fx∈ with ⊛-∈⁻ fs xs fx∈
  ... | (f , x , f∈fs , x∈xs , fx≈fx) =
    Any.map (S₂.trans fx≈fx) $ ⊛-∈⁺ f (fs⊆gs {f} f∈fs) (xs⊆ys x∈xs)

  -- _⊗_ is monotone.

  _⊗-mono_ : ∀ {xs₁ xs₂ ys₁ ys₂} →
             xs₁ ⊆₁ ys₁ → xs₂ ⊆₂ ys₂ → (xs₁ ⊗ xs₂) ⊆₁,₂ (ys₁ ⊗ ys₂)
  _⊗-mono_ {xs₁ = xs₁} {xs₂} xs₁⊆ys₁ xs₂⊆ys₂ {x , y} x,y∈
    with ⊗⁻′ {P = _≈₁_ x} {Q = _≈₂_ y} xs₁ xs₂ x,y∈
  ... | (x∈ , y∈) = ⊗⁺′ (xs₁⊆ys₁ x∈) (xs₂⊆ys₂ y∈)

------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Lemmas related to the variant of _∈_ which is defined using
-- propositional equality

module Membership-≡ where

  open Any.Membership-≡
  private
    module S {A} = Setoid (ListEq.setoid (P.setoid A))
    module M {A} = Any.Membership (P.setoid A)
    open module M₁ {A} = Membership₁ (P.setoid A) public
      using (_++-mono_; ++-idempotent; ++-comm;
             map-with-∈-∈⁺; map-with-∈-∈⁻; map-with-∈-mono;
             finite)
    open module M₂ {A} {B} =
      Membership₂ (P.setoid A) (P.setoid B) public
      using (map-∈⁻)

  -- Any is monotone.

  mono : ∀ {A xs ys} {P : A → Set} → xs ⊆ ys → Any P xs → Any P ys
  mono {P = P} = M₁.mono (P.subst P)

  -- Any.map is related to find.

  map∘find : ∀ {A : Set} {P : A → Set} {xs}
             (p : Any P xs) → let p′ = find p in
             {f : _≡_ (proj₁ p′) ⋐ P} →
             f refl ≡ proj₂ (proj₂ p′) →
             Any.map f (proj₁ (proj₂ p′)) ≡ p
  map∘find (here  p) hyp = P.cong here  hyp
  map∘find (there p) hyp = P.cong there (map∘find p hyp)

  find∘map : ∀ {A : Set} {P : A → Set} {x : A} {xs}
             (x∈xs : x ∈ xs) (f : _≡_ x ⋐ P) →
             find (Any.map f x∈xs) ≡ (x , x∈xs , f refl)
  find∘map (here  refl) f = refl
  find∘map (there x∈xs) f rewrite find∘map x∈xs f = refl

  -- Introduction and elimination rules for concat.

  concat-∈⁺ : ∀ {A} {x : A} {xs xss} →
              x ∈ xs → xs ∈ xss → x ∈ concat xss
  concat-∈⁺ x∈xs = M₁.concat-∈⁺ x∈xs ∘ Any.map S.reflexive

  concat-∈⁻ : ∀ {A} {x : A} xss →
              x ∈ concat xss → ∃ λ xs → x ∈ xs × xs ∈ xss
  concat-∈⁻ xss x∈ =
    Prod.map id (Prod.map id (Any.map ListEq.Rel≡⇒≡)) $
      M₁.concat-∈⁻ xss x∈

  -- concat is monotone.

  concat-mono : ∀ {A} {xss yss : List (List A)} →
                xss ⊆ yss → concat xss ⊆ concat yss
  concat-mono xss⊆yss =
    M₁.concat-mono (Any.map S.reflexive ∘ xss⊆yss ∘
                    Any.map ListEq.Rel≡⇒≡)

  -- any is monotone.

  any-mono : ∀ {A} (p : A → Bool) {xs ys} →
             xs ⊆ ys → T (any p xs) → T (any p ys)
  any-mono p = M₁.any-mono p (P.subst (T ∘ p))

  -- Introduction rule for map.

  map-∈⁺ : ∀ {A B} {f : A → B} {x xs} →
           x ∈ xs → f x ∈ map f xs
  map-∈⁺ {f = f} = M₂.map-∈⁺ (P.→-to-⟶ f)

  -- The introduction and elimination rules are inverses (more or
  -- less).

  map-∈⁺∘map-∈⁻ : ∀ {A B : Set} {f : A → B} {fx xs}
                  (p : fx ∈ List.map f xs) →
                  map-∈⁺ {f = f} (proj₁ (proj₂ (map-∈⁻ xs p))) ≅ p
  map-∈⁺∘map-∈⁻ {xs = []}     ()
  map-∈⁺∘map-∈⁻ {xs = x ∷ xs} (here refl) = refl
  map-∈⁺∘map-∈⁻ {xs = x ∷ xs} (there p)   = there-cong (map-∈⁺∘map-∈⁻ p)
    where
    there-cong : ∀ {A : Set} {P Q : A → Set} {x xs}
                   {p : Any P xs} {q : Any Q xs} →
                 p ≅ q → there {x = x} p ≅ there {x = x} q
    there-cong refl = refl

  map-∈⁻∘map-∈⁺ : ∀ {A B : Set} (f : A → B) {x xs} (x∈xs : x ∈ xs) →
                  map-∈⁻ xs (map-∈⁺ {f = f} x∈xs) ≡ (x , x∈xs , refl)
  map-∈⁻∘map-∈⁺ {B = B} f {x} x∈xs = begin
    find (map⁻ {P = _≡_ _} $
          map⁺ (Any.map f-cong x∈xs))  ≡⟨ P.cong find $
                                            map⁻∘map⁺ (_≡_ _) (Any.map f-cong x∈xs) ⟩
    find (Any.map f-cong x∈xs)         ≡⟨ find∘map x∈xs f-cong ⟩
    (x , x∈xs , refl)                  ∎
    where
    open P.≡-Reasoning

    f-cong : _≡_ =[ f ]⇒ _≡_
    f-cong = FunS.cong (P.→-to-⟶ {B = P.setoid B} f)

  -- map is monotone.

  map-mono : ∀ {A B} {f : A → B} {xs ys} →
             xs ⊆ ys → map f xs ⊆ map f ys
  map-mono {f = f} = M₂.map-mono (P.→-to-⟶ f)

  -- Introduction and elimination rules for _>>=_.

  >>=-∈⁺ : ∀ {A B} (f : A → List B) {x y xs} →
           x ∈ xs → y ∈ f x → y ∈ (xs >>= f)
  >>=-∈⁺ f = M₂.>>=-∈⁺ (P.→-to-⟶ f)

  >>=-∈⁻ : ∀ {A B} (f : A → List B) {y} xs →
           y ∈ (xs >>= f) → ∃ λ x → x ∈ xs × y ∈ f x
  >>=-∈⁻ f = M₂.>>=-∈⁻ (P.→-to-⟶ f)

  -- The introduction and elimination rules are inverses (more or
  -- less).

  private

    lift-resp-id : ∀ {A : Set} {x : A} {xs} xs≈ys (p : x ∈ xs) →
                   M.∈-resp-list-≈ xs≈ys p ≡ p
    lift-resp-id ListEq.[]               ()
    lift-resp-id (ListEq._∷_ refl xs≈ys) (here  refl) = refl
    lift-resp-id (ListEq._∷_ refl xs≈ys) (there p)    =
      P.cong there (lift-resp-id xs≈ys p)

  >>=-∈⁺∘>>=-∈⁻ : ∀ {A B : Set} (f : A → List B) {y} xs
                  (p : y ∈ (xs >>= f)) →
                  let p′ = proj₂ $ >>=-∈⁻ f xs p in
                  >>=-∈⁺ f (proj₁ p′) (proj₂ p′) ≡ p
  >>=-∈⁺∘>>=-∈⁻ f xs p = begin
    >>=⁺ (Any.map _ (proj₁ (proj₂ (find (>>=⁻ xs p)))))  ≡⟨ P.cong >>=⁺ $
                                                              map∘find (>>=⁻ xs p) (lift-resp-id _ _) ⟩
    >>=⁺ (>>=⁻ xs p)                                     ≡⟨ >>=⁺∘>>=⁻ xs p ⟩
    p                                                    ∎
    where open P.≡-Reasoning

  >>=-∈⁻∘>>=-∈⁺ : ∀ {A B : Set} (f : A → List B) {x y xs}
                  (x∈xs : x ∈ xs) (y∈fx : y ∈ f x) →
                  >>=-∈⁻ f xs (>>=-∈⁺ f x∈xs y∈fx) ≡ (x , x∈xs , y∈fx)
  >>=-∈⁻∘>>=-∈⁺ f {x = x} {xs = xs} x∈xs y∈fx = begin
    find (>>=⁻ xs (>>=⁺ (Any.map _ x∈xs)))  ≡⟨ P.cong find (>>=⁻∘>>=⁺ (Any.map _ x∈xs)) ⟩
    find (Any.map _ x∈xs)                   ≡⟨ find∘map x∈xs _ ⟩
    (x , x∈xs , _)                          ≡⟨ P.cong (λ p → (x , x∈xs , p)) (lift-resp-id _ _) ⟩
    (x , x∈xs , y∈fx)                       ∎
    where open P.≡-Reasoning

  -- _>>=_ is monotone.

  _>>=-mono_ : ∀ {A B} {f g : A → List B} {xs ys} →
               xs ⊆ ys → (∀ {x} → f x ⊆ g x) →
               (xs >>= f) ⊆ (ys >>= g)
  _>>=-mono_ {f = f} {g} =
    M₂.>>=-mono (P.→-to-⟶ f) (P.→-to-⟶ g)

  -- Introduction and elimination rules for _⊛_.

  ⊛-∈⁺ : ∀ {A B} {fs : List (A → B)} {xs f x} →
         f ∈ fs → x ∈ xs → f x ∈ fs ⊛ xs
  ⊛-∈⁺ f∈fs x∈xs =
    ⊛⁺′ (Any.map (λ f≡g x≡y → P.cong₂ _$_ f≡g x≡y) f∈fs) x∈xs

  ⊛-∈⁻ : ∀ {A B} (fs : List (A → B)) xs {fx} →
         fx ∈ fs ⊛ xs → ∃₂ λ f x → f ∈ fs × x ∈ xs × fx ≡ f x
  ⊛-∈⁻ fs xs fx∈ with find $ ⊛⁻ fs xs fx∈
  ... | (f , f∈fs , x∈) with find x∈
  ...   | (x , x∈xs , fx≡fx) = (f , x , f∈fs , x∈xs , fx≡fx)

  -- _⊛_ is monotone.

  _⊛-mono_ : ∀ {A B} {fs gs : List (A → B)} {xs ys} →
             fs ⊆ gs → xs ⊆ ys → fs ⊛ xs ⊆ gs ⊛ ys
  _⊛-mono_ {fs = fs} {xs = xs} fs⊆gs xs⊆ys fx∈ with ⊛-∈⁻ fs xs fx∈
  ... | (f , x , f∈fs , x∈xs , refl) =
    ⊛-∈⁺ (fs⊆gs f∈fs) (xs⊆ys x∈xs)

  -- Introduction and elimination rules for _⊗_.

  private

    lemma₁ : {A B : Set} {p q : A × B} →
             (p ⟨ _≡_ on proj₁ ⟩ q) × (p ⟨ _≡_ on proj₂ ⟩ q) → p ≡ q
    lemma₁ {p = (x , y)} {q = (.x , .y)} (refl , refl) = refl

    lemma₂ : {A B : Set} {p q : A × B} →
             p ≡ q → (p ⟨ _≡_ on proj₁ ⟩ q) × (p ⟨ _≡_ on proj₂ ⟩ q)
    lemma₂ = < P.cong proj₁ , P.cong proj₂ >

  ⊗-∈⁺ : ∀ {A B} {xs : List A} {ys : List B} {x y} →
         x ∈ xs → y ∈ ys → (x , y) ∈ (xs ⊗ ys)
  ⊗-∈⁺ x∈xs y∈ys = Any.map lemma₁ (⊗⁺′ x∈xs y∈ys)

  ⊗-∈⁻ : ∀ {A B} (xs : List A) (ys : List B) {p} →
         p ∈ (xs ⊗ ys) → proj₁ p ∈ xs × proj₂ p ∈ ys
  ⊗-∈⁻ xs ys = ⊗⁻′ xs ys ∘ Any.map lemma₂

  -- _⊗_ is monotone.

  _⊗-mono_ : ∀ {A B} {xs₁ ys₁ : List A} {xs₂ ys₂ : List B} →
             xs₁ ⊆ ys₁ → xs₂ ⊆ ys₂ → (xs₁ ⊗ xs₂) ⊆ (ys₁ ⊗ ys₂)
  _⊗-mono_ xs₁⊆ys₁ xs₂⊆ys₂ {p} =
    Any.map lemma₁ ∘ M₂._⊗-mono_ xs₁⊆ys₁ xs₂⊆ys₂ {p} ∘ Any.map lemma₂