    library(shiny)
    library(bslib)
    library(scoutbaR)
    library(blockr.core)

## Introduction

In the `Create block` vignette, you were taught how to design new blocks for blockr. Did you know that we could go much further?

Each major `blockr.core` feature belongs to its own plugin, materialized as a shiny module:

- Manage blocks (create/remove, append, …)
- Manage links, that is how blocks are connected. Linking block A to block B means that block A passes its output data to block B.
- Manage stacks (group blocks together).
- Preserve the board state: save and restore the application state.
- …

All of the above is fully customizable by yourself, `blockr.core` only provides reasonable defaults to get you started. `blockr.ui` is an example of full customization.

    flowchart TD
      subgraph board[board]
        subgraph plugins[plugins]
          subgraph manage_blocks[Manage blocks]
          end
          subgraph manage_links[Manage links]
          end
          subgraph manage_stacks[Manage stacks]
          end
          subgraph preserve_board[Preserve board]
          end
          subgraph generate_code[Generate code]
          end
          subgraph notify_user[Notify user]
          end
          subgraph edit_block[Edit block]
          end
          subgraph edit_stack[Edit stack]
          end
        end
      end

## blockr plugins

### Background

plugins are used to customize/enhance UX aspects of the board module, that is the top level module exposed by `blockr.core`. As stated above, there are a couple of plugins already available in the core, such that when you want to create a custom blockr app, you can do this on the UI side:

    main_ui <- function(id, board) {
      ns <- NS(id)
      board_ui(
        ns("board"),
        board,
        plugins = board_plugins(
          c(
            "preserve_board",
            "manage_blocks",
            "manage_links",
            "manage_stacks",
            "generate_code",
            "notify_user"
          )
        )
      )
    }

`board_ui()` expects the namespace of the module, a board object which you can create with `new_board`. The board is, in general, passed when you call `serve` on the board object such that you can start an app with predefined blocks, links and stacks. where `board_plugins()` expect a vector of plugin names. It is important to state that at the moment, you can only overwrite existing plugins but not create new ones. On the server side, you call `board_server()`, the server counter part of `board_ui()` which expects a namespace, the board object and a subset (or all) of plugins. `callbacks` are to inject code directly into the board server function, as opposed to plugins which are nested submodules. `parent` is used to communicate application state between all parts of the application in a standardized way.

    main_server <- function(id, board) {
      moduleServer(
        id,
        function(input, output, session) {
          ns <- session$n

          app_state <- reactiveValues(
            # App state for module communication
          )

          # Board module
          board_server(
            "board",
            board,
            plugins = board_plugins(
              c(
                "preserve_board",
                "manage_blocks",
                "manage_links",
                "manage_stacks",
                "generate_code",
                "notify_user"
              )
            ),
            callbacks = list(),
            parent = app_state
          )
        }
      )
    }

Looking at the `board_plugins()` function:

    board_plugins <- function(which = NULL) {

      plugins <- plugins(
        preserve_board(server = ser_deser_server, ui = ser_deser_ui),
        manage_blocks(server = add_rm_block_server, ui = add_rm_block_ui),
        manage_links(server = add_rm_link_server, ui = add_rm_link_ui),
        manage_stacks(server = add_rm_stack_server, ui = add_rm_stack_ui),
        notify_user(server = block_notification_server),
        generate_code(server = gen_code_server, ui = gen_code_ui),
        edit_block(server = edit_block_server, ui = edit_block_ui),
        edit_stack(server = edit_stack_server, ui = edit_stack_ui)
      )

      if (is.null(which)) {
        return(plugins)
      }

      plugins[which]
    }

Each plugin is composed of a server and ui part, since they are modules. For instance, the `manage_blocks` plugin is defined as:

    manage_blocks <- function(server, ui) {
      new_plugin(server, ui, validator = expect_null, class = "manage_blocks")
    }

In the following, we want to create a custom `manage_blocks` plugin that uses the `scoutbaR` package, described in vignette

### A custom manage_blocks

To create our custom manage blocks, we’ll first need to overwrite the `add_rm_block_server` and `add_rm_block_ui` functions. For sake of simplicity, on the UI side, we provide a `Add` block button as well as as scoutbar widget (`blk_choices()` is described in the following vignette):

    add_rm_block_ui <- function(id, board) {
      tagList(
        scoutbar(
          NS(id, "scoutbar"),
          placeholder = "Search for a block",
          actions = blk_choices(),
          theme = "dark",
          showRecentSearch = TRUE
        ),
        actionButton(
          NS(id, "add_block"),
          "New block",
          icon = icon("circle-plus"),
        )
      )
    }

On the server part, a plugin is always defined as follows (documentation has been left for reference):

    #' Add/remove block module
    #'
    #' Customizable logic for adding/removing blocks to the board.
    #'
    #' @param id Namespace ID
    #' @param board Reactive values object
    #' @param update Reactive value object to initiate board updates
    #' @param ... Extra arguments passed from parent scope
    #'
    #' @return A [shiny::reactiveValues()] object with components `add` and `rm`,
    #' where `add` may be `NULL` or a `block` object and `rm` be `NULL` or a string
    #' (block ID).
    #'
    #' @rdname add_rm_block
    #' @export
    add_rm_block_server <- function(id, board, update, ...) {
      moduleServer(
        id,
        function(input, output, session) {
          # SERVER LOGIC

          NULL
        }
      )
    }

The server function signature must start with the module id, `board` refers to internal reactive values (read-only), `update` is a reactive value to send updates to the board module and `...` is used to recover parameters passed from the top level like `parent`. The plugin always returns `NULL`.

We now want to open the `scoutbaR` widget whenever the users clicks on the `Add block` button. We can achieve that by calling `update_scoutbar` passing `revealScoutbar = TRUE`.

    add_rm_block_server <- function(id, board, update, ...) {
      moduleServer(
        id,
        function(input, output, session) {
          # Trigger add block
          observeEvent(
            input$add_block,
            {
              update_scoutbar(
                session,
                "scoutbar",
                revealScoutbar = TRUE
              )
            }
          )

          NULL
        }
      )
    }

Next step is to manage the user choice, that is when a scoutbar action is selected. We listen to `input$scoutbar` which holds the name of the selected block. Since it is a string, we call `create_block()`, which instantiates a block from its name, and wrap it by `as_blocks()`. Finally, we signal this change to the board by refreshing the `update` reactive value, saying we want to add a new block `list(blocks = list(add = new_blk))`:

    add_rm_block_server <- function(id, board, update, ...) {
      moduleServer(
        id,
        function(input, output, session) {
          # Trigger add block
          observeEvent(
            input$add_block,
            {
              update_scoutbar(
                session,
                "scoutbar",
                revealScoutbar = TRUE
              )
            }
          )

          observeEvent(input$scoutbar, {
            new_blk <- as_blocks(create_block(input$scoutbar))
            update(
              list(blocks = list(add = new_blk))
            )
          })

          NULL
        }
      )
    }

### Register plugins

To register our new plugin, we can defined a custom `board_plugins()` function that calls our own plugin for `manage_blocks()`. For sake of simplicity, all other plugins are omitted:

    custom_board_plugins <- function(which = NULL) {
      plugins <- plugins(
        manage_blocks(server = add_rm_block_server, ui = add_rm_block_ui)
      )

      if (is.null(which)) {
        return(plugins)
      }

      plugins[which]
    }

### Testing the new plugin

In the below example, you may click on the `Add block` button and see the scoutbar opening and then select a block.

Code

    main_ui <- function(id, board) {
      ns <- NS(id)
      board_ui(
        ns("board"),
        board,
        plugins = custom_board_plugins(
          c(
            "manage_blocks"
          )
        )
      )
    }

    main_server <- function(id, board) {
      moduleServer(
        id,
        function(input, output, session) {
          ns <- session$n

          # Board module
          board_server(
            "board",
            board,
            plugins = custom_board_plugins(
              c(
                "manage_blocks"
              )
            ),
            callbacks = list()
          )
        }
      )
    }

    board <- new_board()

    ui <- page_fluid(
      main_ui("app", board)
    )

    server <- function(input, output, session) {
      main_server("app", board)
    }

    shinyApp(ui, server)

> Note

> The demo below runs with shinylive. Not all feature may work as expected due to compatibility issues with webR.

## Custom UI components

If you’d like to use the board with another UI kit than `bslib` you can create a new method for `board_ui()`. For that, you’ll need a little bit of S3 knowledge.

The function signature should contain `id` (module namespace), `x` (board object), and `plugins` to use `blockr.core` plugins. In the following, we leverage the brand new `shinyNextUI` to power the custom board UI:

    board_ui.custom_board <- function(id, x, plugins = list(), ...) {
      plugins <- as_plugins(plugins)
      div(
        id = paste0(id, "_board"),
        board_ui(id, plugins[["manage_blocks"]], x),
        div(
          id =  paste0(id, "_blocks"),
          block_ui(id, x)
        )
      )
    }

We have to customize the `block_ui` too. Overall, we leverage the `shinyNextUI::card` component to create the block layout:

    get_block_registry <- function(x) {
      stopifnot(is_block(x))
      available_blocks()[[strsplit(attr(x, "ctor"), "new_")[[1]][2]]]
    }

    block_ui.custom_board <- function(id, x, blocks = NULL, ...) {
      block_card <- function(x, id, ns) {
        id <- paste0("block_", id)

        blk_info <- get_block_registry(x)

        div(
          class = "m-2",
          id = ns(id),
          shinyNextUI::card(
            variant = "bordered",
            shinyNextUI::card_header(
              className = "d-flex justify-content-between",
              icon(blk_icon(attr(blk_info, "category"))),
              sprintf(
                "Block: %s (id: %s)",
                attr(blk_info, "name"),
                gsub("block_", "", id)
              ),
              shinyNextUI::tooltip(
                icon("info-circle"),
                content = tagList(
                  p(
                  icon("lightbulb"),
                  "How to use this block?",
                  ),
                  p(attr(blk_info, "description"), ".")
                )
              )
            ),
            shinyNextUI::divider(),
            shinyNextUI::card_body(
              expr_ui(ns(id), x),
              block_ui(ns(id), x)
            ),
            shinyNextUI::divider(),
            shinyNextUI::card_footer(
              sprintf(
                "Type: %s; Package: %s",
                attr(blk_info, "category"),
                attr(blk_info, "package")
              )
            )
          )
        )
      }

      stopifnot(is.character(id) && length(id) == 1L)

      if (is.null(blocks)) {
        blocks <- board_blocks(x)
      } else if (is.character(blocks)) {
        blocks <- board_blocks(x)[blocks]
      }

      stopifnot(is_blocks(blocks))

      tagList(
        Map(
          block_card,
          blocks,
          names(blocks),
          MoreArgs = list(ns = NS(id)),
          USE.NAMES = FALSE
        )
      )
    }

Notice the use of few `blockr.core` helpers along the way:

- `board_blocks()` to extract and validate the blocks of a board.
- `is_blocks()` check whether an object correspond to a list of blocks.
- `get_block_registry()` to get the current block metadata from the registry.

`add_rm_block_ui()` now leverages `shinyNextUI::actionButton`:

    add_rm_block_ui <- function(id, board) {
      tagList(
        scoutbar(
          NS(id, "scoutbar"),
          placeholder = "Search for a block",
          actions = blk_choices(),
          theme = "dark",
          showRecentSearch = TRUE
        ),
        shinyNextUI::actionButton(
          NS(id, "add_block"),
          "New block",
          icon = icon("circle-plus"),
        )
      )
    }

Since `blockr.core` blocks utilizes `shiny`/`bslib` UI, you’d also have to rewrite the UI and/or server part whenever necessary. This vignette provides a starting point to authoring blocks.

As a final step, when you call `new_board()` don’t forget to add it the `custom_board` class so that the custom S3 methods are invoked.

Code

    board <- new_board(class = "custom_board")

    ui <- nextui_page(
      board_ui(
        "board",
        board,
        plugins = custom_board_plugins(
          c(
            "manage_blocks"
          )
        )
      )
    )

    server <- function(input, output, session) {
      board_server(
        "board",
        board,
        plugins = custom_board_plugins(
          c(
            "manage_blocks"
          )
        ),
        callbacks = list()
      )
    }

    shinyApp(ui, server)

> Note

> The demo below runs with shinylive. Not all feature may work as expected due to compatibility issues with webR.

## Customize board options

TBD