/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.calcite.sql.type;

import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelDataType;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelDataTypeFactory;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelDataTypeFactoryImpl;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelDataTypeFamily;
import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelDataTypeSystem;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlCollation;
import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlIntervalQualifier;
import org.apache.calcite.util.Glossary;
import org.apache.calcite.util.Util;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * SqlTypeFactoryImpl provides a default implementation of
 * {@link RelDataTypeFactory} which supports SQL types.
 */
public class SqlTypeFactoryImpl extends RelDataTypeFactoryImpl {
  //~ Constructors -----------------------------------------------------------

  public SqlTypeFactoryImpl(RelDataTypeSystem typeSystem) {
    super(typeSystem);
  }

  //~ Methods ----------------------------------------------------------------

  public RelDataType createSqlType(SqlTypeName typeName) {
    if (typeName.allowsPrec()) {
      return createSqlType(typeName, typeSystem.getDefaultPrecision(typeName));
    }
    assertBasic(typeName);
    RelDataType newType = new BasicSqlType(typeSystem, typeName);
    return canonize(newType);
  }

  public RelDataType createSqlType(
      SqlTypeName typeName,
      int precision) {
    final int maxPrecision = typeSystem.getMaxPrecision(typeName);
    if (maxPrecision >= 0 && precision > maxPrecision) {
      precision = maxPrecision;
    }
    if (typeName.allowsScale()) {
      return createSqlType(typeName, precision, typeName.getDefaultScale());
    }
    assertBasic(typeName);
    assert (precision >= 0)
        || (precision == RelDataType.PRECISION_NOT_SPECIFIED);
    RelDataType newType = new BasicSqlType(typeSystem, typeName, precision);
    newType = SqlTypeUtil.addCharsetAndCollation(newType, this);
    return canonize(newType);
  }

  public RelDataType createSqlType(
      SqlTypeName typeName,
      int precision,
      int scale) {
    assertBasic(typeName);
    assert (precision >= 0)
        || (precision == RelDataType.PRECISION_NOT_SPECIFIED);
    final int maxPrecision = typeSystem.getMaxPrecision(typeName);
    if (maxPrecision >= 0 && precision > maxPrecision) {
      precision = maxPrecision;
    }
    RelDataType newType =
        new BasicSqlType(typeSystem, typeName, precision, scale);
    newType = SqlTypeUtil.addCharsetAndCollation(newType, this);
    return canonize(newType);
  }

  public RelDataType createUnknownType() {
    return canonize(new UnknownSqlType(this));
  }

  public RelDataType createMultisetType(
      RelDataType type,
      long maxCardinality) {
    assert maxCardinality == -1;
    RelDataType newType = new MultisetSqlType(type, false);
    return canonize(newType);
  }

  public RelDataType createArrayType(
      RelDataType elementType,
      long maxCardinality) {
    assert maxCardinality == -1;
    ArraySqlType newType = new ArraySqlType(elementType, false);
    return canonize(newType);
  }

  public RelDataType createMapType(
      RelDataType keyType,
      RelDataType valueType) {
    MapSqlType newType = new MapSqlType(keyType, valueType, false);
    return canonize(newType);
  }

  public RelDataType createSqlIntervalType(
      SqlIntervalQualifier intervalQualifier) {
    RelDataType newType =
        new IntervalSqlType(typeSystem, intervalQualifier, false);
    return canonize(newType);
  }

  public RelDataType createTypeWithCharsetAndCollation(
      RelDataType type,
      Charset charset,
      SqlCollation collation) {
    assert SqlTypeUtil.inCharFamily(type) : type;
    assert charset != null;
    assert collation != null;
    RelDataType newType;
    if (type instanceof BasicSqlType) {
      BasicSqlType sqlType = (BasicSqlType) type;
      newType = sqlType.createWithCharsetAndCollation(charset, collation);
    } else if (type instanceof JavaType) {
      JavaType javaType = (JavaType) type;
      newType =
          new JavaType(
              javaType.getJavaClass(),
              javaType.isNullable(),
              charset,
              collation);
    } else {
      throw Util.needToImplement("need to implement " + type);
    }
    return canonize(newType);
  }

  @Override public RelDataType leastRestrictive(List<RelDataType> types) {
    assert types != null;
    assert types.size() >= 1;

    RelDataType type0 = types.get(0);
    if (type0.getSqlTypeName() != null) {
      RelDataType resultType = leastRestrictiveSqlType(types);
      if (resultType != null) {
        return resultType;
      }
      return leastRestrictiveByCast(types);
    }

    return super.leastRestrictive(types);
  }

  private RelDataType leastRestrictiveByCast(List<RelDataType> types) {
    RelDataType resultType = types.get(0);
    boolean anyNullable = resultType.isNullable();
    for (int i = 1; i < types.size(); i++) {
      RelDataType type = types.get(i);
      if (type.getSqlTypeName() == SqlTypeName.NULL) {
        anyNullable = true;
        continue;
      }

      if (type.isNullable()) {
        anyNullable = true;
      }

      if (SqlTypeUtil.canCastFrom(type, resultType, false)) {
        resultType = type;
      } else {
        if (!SqlTypeUtil.canCastFrom(resultType, type, false)) {
          return null;
        }
      }
    }
    if (anyNullable) {
      return createTypeWithNullability(resultType, true);
    } else {
      return resultType;
    }
  }

  @Override public RelDataType createTypeWithNullability(
      final RelDataType type,
      final boolean nullable) {
    RelDataType newType;
    if (type instanceof BasicSqlType) {
      BasicSqlType sqlType = (BasicSqlType) type;
      newType = sqlType.createWithNullability(nullable);
    } else if (type instanceof MapSqlType) {
      newType = copyMapType(type, nullable);
    } else if (type instanceof ArraySqlType) {
      newType = copyArrayType(type, nullable);
    } else if (type instanceof MultisetSqlType) {
      newType = copyMultisetType(type, nullable);
    } else if (type instanceof IntervalSqlType) {
      newType = copyIntervalType(type, nullable);
    } else if (type instanceof ObjectSqlType) {
      newType = copyObjectType(type, nullable);
    } else {
      return super.createTypeWithNullability(type, nullable);
    }
    return canonize(newType);
  }

  private void assertBasic(SqlTypeName typeName) {
    assert typeName != null;
    assert typeName != SqlTypeName.MULTISET
        : "use createMultisetType() instead";
    assert !SqlTypeName.INTERVAL_TYPES.contains(typeName)
        : "use createSqlIntervalType() instead";
  }

  private RelDataType leastRestrictiveSqlType(List<RelDataType> types) {
    RelDataType resultType = null;
    int nullCount = 0;
    int nullableCount = 0;
    int javaCount = 0;
    int anyCount = 0;

    for (RelDataType type : types) {
      final SqlTypeName typeName = type.getSqlTypeName();
      if (typeName == null) {
        return null;
      }
      if (typeName == SqlTypeName.ANY) {
        anyCount++;
      }
      if (type.isNullable()) {
        ++nullableCount;
      }
      if (typeName == SqlTypeName.NULL) {
        ++nullCount;
      }
      if (isJavaType(type)) {
        ++javaCount;
      }
    }

    //  if any of the inputs are ANY, the output is ANY
    if (anyCount > 0) {
      return createTypeWithNullability(createSqlType(SqlTypeName.ANY),
          nullCount > 0 || nullableCount > 0);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < types.size(); ++i) {
      RelDataType type = types.get(i);
      RelDataTypeFamily family = type.getFamily();

      final SqlTypeName typeName = type.getSqlTypeName();
      if (typeName == SqlTypeName.NULL) {
        continue;
      }

      // Convert Java types; for instance, JavaType(int) becomes INTEGER.
      // Except if all types are either NULL or Java types.
      if (isJavaType(type) && javaCount + nullCount < types.size()) {
        final RelDataType originalType = type;
        type = typeName.allowsPrecScale(true, true)
            ? createSqlType(typeName, type.getPrecision(), type.getScale())
            : typeName.allowsPrecScale(true, false)
            ? createSqlType(typeName, type.getPrecision())
            : createSqlType(typeName);
        type = createTypeWithNullability(type, originalType.isNullable());
      }

      if (resultType == null) {
        resultType = type;
        if (resultType.getSqlTypeName() == SqlTypeName.ROW) {
          return leastRestrictiveStructuredType(types);
        }
      }

      RelDataTypeFamily resultFamily = resultType.getFamily();
      SqlTypeName resultTypeName = resultType.getSqlTypeName();

      if (resultFamily != family) {
        return null;
      }
      if (SqlTypeUtil.inCharOrBinaryFamilies(type)) {
        Charset charset1 = type.getCharset();
        Charset charset2 = resultType.getCharset();
        SqlCollation collation1 = type.getCollation();
        SqlCollation collation2 = resultType.getCollation();

        // TODO:  refine collation combination rules
        final int precision =
            SqlTypeUtil.maxPrecision(resultType.getPrecision(),
                type.getPrecision());

        // If either type is LOB, then result is LOB with no precision.
        // Otherwise, if either is variable width, result is variable
        // width.  Otherwise, result is fixed width.
        if (SqlTypeUtil.isLob(resultType)) {
          resultType = createSqlType(resultType.getSqlTypeName());
        } else if (SqlTypeUtil.isLob(type)) {
          resultType = createSqlType(type.getSqlTypeName());
        } else if (SqlTypeUtil.isBoundedVariableWidth(resultType)) {
          resultType =
              createSqlType(
                  resultType.getSqlTypeName(),
                  precision);
        } else {
          // this catch-all case covers type variable, and both fixed

          SqlTypeName newTypeName = type.getSqlTypeName();

          if (shouldRaggedFixedLengthValueUnionBeVariable()) {
            if (resultType.getPrecision() != type.getPrecision()) {
              if (newTypeName == SqlTypeName.CHAR) {
                newTypeName = SqlTypeName.VARCHAR;
              } else if (newTypeName == SqlTypeName.BINARY) {
                newTypeName = SqlTypeName.VARBINARY;
              }
            }
          }

          resultType =
              createSqlType(
                  newTypeName,
                  precision);
        }
        Charset charset = null;
        SqlCollation collation = null;
        if ((charset1 != null) || (charset2 != null)) {
          if (charset1 == null) {
            charset = charset2;
            collation = collation2;
          } else if (charset2 == null) {
            charset = charset1;
            collation = collation1;
          } else if (charset1.equals(charset2)) {
            charset = charset1;
            collation = collation1;
          } else if (charset1.contains(charset2)) {
            charset = charset1;
            collation = collation1;
          } else {
            charset = charset2;
            collation = collation2;
          }
        }
        if (charset != null) {
          resultType =
              createTypeWithCharsetAndCollation(
                  resultType,
                  charset,
                  collation);
        }
      } else if (SqlTypeUtil.isExactNumeric(type)) {
        if (SqlTypeUtil.isExactNumeric(resultType)) {
          // TODO: come up with a cleaner way to support
          // interval + datetime = datetime
          if (types.size() > (i + 1)) {
            RelDataType type1 = types.get(i + 1);
            if (SqlTypeUtil.isDatetime(type1)) {
              resultType = type1;
              return createTypeWithNullability(resultType,
                  nullCount > 0 || nullableCount > 0);
            }
          }
          if (!type.equals(resultType)) {
            if (!typeName.allowsPrec()
                && !resultTypeName.allowsPrec()) {
              // use the bigger primitive
              if (type.getPrecision()
                  > resultType.getPrecision()) {
                resultType = type;
              }
            } else {
              // Let the result type have precision (p), scale (s)
              // and number of whole digits (d) as follows: d =
              // max(p1 - s1, p2 - s2) s <= max(s1, s2) p = s + d

              int p1 = resultType.getPrecision();
              int p2 = type.getPrecision();
              int s1 = resultType.getScale();
              int s2 = type.getScale();
              final int maxPrecision = typeSystem.getMaxNumericPrecision();
              final int maxScale = typeSystem.getMaxNumericScale();

              int dout = Math.max(p1 - s1, p2 - s2);
              dout =
                  Math.min(
                      dout,
                      maxPrecision);

              int scale = Math.max(s1, s2);
              scale =
                  Math.min(
                      scale,
                      maxPrecision - dout);
              scale = Math.min(scale, maxScale);

              int precision = dout + scale;
              assert precision <= maxPrecision;
              assert precision > 0
                  || (resultType.getSqlTypeName() == SqlTypeName.DECIMAL
                      && precision == 0
                      && scale == 0);

              resultType =
                  createSqlType(
                      SqlTypeName.DECIMAL,
                      precision,
                      scale);
            }
          }
        } else if (SqlTypeUtil.isApproximateNumeric(resultType)) {
          // already approximate; promote to double just in case
          // TODO:  only promote when required
          if (SqlTypeUtil.isDecimal(type)) {
            // Only promote to double for decimal types
            resultType = createDoublePrecisionType();
          }
        } else {
          return null;
        }
      } else if (SqlTypeUtil.isApproximateNumeric(type)) {
        if (SqlTypeUtil.isApproximateNumeric(resultType)) {
          if (type.getPrecision() > resultType.getPrecision()) {
            resultType = type;
          }
        } else if (SqlTypeUtil.isExactNumeric(resultType)) {
          if (SqlTypeUtil.isDecimal(resultType)) {
            resultType = createDoublePrecisionType();
          } else {
            resultType = type;
          }
        } else {
          return null;
        }
      } else if (SqlTypeUtil.isInterval(type)) {
        // TODO: come up with a cleaner way to support
        // interval + datetime = datetime
        if (types.size() > (i + 1)) {
          RelDataType type1 = types.get(i + 1);
          if (SqlTypeUtil.isDatetime(type1)) {
            resultType = type1;
            return createTypeWithNullability(resultType,
                nullCount > 0 || nullableCount > 0);
          }
        }

        if (!type.equals(resultType)) {
          // TODO jvs 4-June-2005:  This shouldn't be necessary;
          // move logic into IntervalSqlType.combine
          Object type1 = resultType;
          resultType =
              ((IntervalSqlType) resultType).combine(
                  this,
                  (IntervalSqlType) type);
          resultType =
              ((IntervalSqlType) resultType).combine(
                  this,
                  (IntervalSqlType) type1);
        }
      } else if (SqlTypeUtil.isDatetime(type)) {
        // TODO: come up with a cleaner way to support
        // datetime +/- interval (or integer) = datetime
        if (types.size() > (i + 1)) {
          RelDataType type1 = types.get(i + 1);
          if (SqlTypeUtil.isInterval(type1)
              || SqlTypeUtil.isIntType(type1)) {
            resultType = type;
            return createTypeWithNullability(resultType,
                nullCount > 0 || nullableCount > 0);
          }
        }
      } else {
        // TODO:  datetime precision details; for now we let
        // leastRestrictiveByCast handle it
        return null;
      }
    }
    if (resultType != null && nullableCount > 0) {
      resultType = createTypeWithNullability(resultType, true);
    }
    return resultType;
  }

  /**
   * Controls behavior discussed <a
   * href="http://sf.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=13337379">here</a>.
   *
   * @return false (the default) to provide strict SQL:2003 behavior; true to
   * provide pragmatic behavior
   *
   * @see Glossary#SQL2003 SQL:2003 Part 2 Section 9.3 Syntax Rule 3.a.iii.3
   */
  protected boolean shouldRaggedFixedLengthValueUnionBeVariable() {
    // TODO jvs 30-Nov-2006:  implement SQL-Flagger support
    // for warning about non-standard usage
    return false;
  }

  private RelDataType createDoublePrecisionType() {
    return createSqlType(SqlTypeName.DOUBLE);
  }

  private RelDataType copyMultisetType(RelDataType type, boolean nullable) {
    MultisetSqlType mt = (MultisetSqlType) type;
    RelDataType elementType = copyType(mt.getComponentType());
    return new MultisetSqlType(elementType, nullable);
  }

  private RelDataType copyIntervalType(RelDataType type, boolean nullable) {
    return new IntervalSqlType(typeSystem,
        type.getIntervalQualifier(),
        nullable);
  }

  private RelDataType copyObjectType(RelDataType type, boolean nullable) {
    return new ObjectSqlType(
        type.getSqlTypeName(),
        type.getSqlIdentifier(),
        nullable,
        type.getFieldList(),
        type.getComparability());
  }

  private RelDataType copyArrayType(RelDataType type, boolean nullable) {
    ArraySqlType at = (ArraySqlType) type;
    RelDataType elementType = copyType(at.getComponentType());
    return new ArraySqlType(elementType, nullable);
  }

  private RelDataType copyMapType(RelDataType type, boolean nullable) {
    MapSqlType mt = (MapSqlType) type;
    RelDataType keyType = copyType(mt.getKeyType());
    RelDataType valueType = copyType(mt.getValueType());
    return new MapSqlType(keyType, valueType, nullable);
  }

  // override RelDataTypeFactoryImpl
  protected RelDataType canonize(RelDataType type) {
    type = super.canonize(type);
    if (!(type instanceof ObjectSqlType)) {
      return type;
    }
    ObjectSqlType objectType = (ObjectSqlType) type;
    if (!objectType.isNullable()) {
      objectType.setFamily(objectType);
    } else {
      objectType.setFamily(
          (RelDataTypeFamily) createTypeWithNullability(
              objectType,
              false));
    }
    return type;
  }

  /** The unknown type. Similar to the NULL type, but is only equal to
   * itself. */
  private static class UnknownSqlType extends BasicSqlType {
    UnknownSqlType(RelDataTypeFactory typeFactory) {
      super(typeFactory.getTypeSystem(), SqlTypeName.NULL);
    }

    @Override protected void generateTypeString(StringBuilder sb,
        boolean withDetail) {
      sb.append("UNKNOWN");
    }
  }
}

// End SqlTypeFactoryImpl.java
