---
title: "Quantifying isotope incorporation"
author: "Nick Youngblut"
date: "`r Sys.Date()`"
output: 
  rmarkdown::html_vignette:
    toc: true
vignette: >
  %\VignetteIndexEntry{Quantifying isotope incorporation}
  %\VignetteEngine{knitr::rmarkdown}
  %\VignetteEncoding{UTF-8}
---

***

# Introduction

There are two prevaling methods for using HTS-SIP data to estimate the amount of isotope that each OTU incorporated: 

* q-SIP
* delta_BD (a complementary analysis to HR-SIP)
    * Note: delta_BD is formally written as: $\Delta\hat{BD}$ 

In this vignette, we are going to show how to run both analyses and also compare the results a bit.

# Dataset 

First, let's load some packages including `HTSSIP`. 

```{r, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE}
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(HTSSIP)
```

OK. We're going to be using 2 data files: 

* HTS-SIP data (phyloseq format)
* qPCR data (total 16S rRNA gene copies per gradient fraction)

We'll be using the dataset that we simulated in the [HTSSIP_sim](./HTSSIP_sim.html) vignette.

The phyloseq object is similar to the dataset in the other vignettes.

```{r}
# HTS-SIP data
physeq_rep3
```

The associated qPCR data is a list of length = 2. 

```{r}
# qPCR data (list object)
physeq_rep3_qPCR %>% names
```

For the analyses in this vignette, we only need the 'summary' table.

```{r}
# qPCR data (list object)
physeq_rep3_qPCR_sum = physeq_rep3_qPCR$summary
physeq_rep3_qPCR_sum %>% head(n=4)
```

# q-SIP

OK. Let's quantify isotope incorporation witht the q-SIP method. 

```{r}
# transforming OTU counts
physeq_rep3_t = OTU_qPCR_trans(physeq_rep3, physeq_rep3_qPCR_sum)

# calculating atom fraction excess
atomX = qSIP_atom_excess(physeq_rep3_t,
                         control_expr='Treatment=="12C-Con"',
                         treatment_rep='Replicate')
atomX %>% names
```

The resulting list object contains 2 data.frames. We are interested in the 'A' table, which contains estimated BD shifts (Z) and atom fraction excess (A). 

```{r}
atomX$A %>% head(n=4)
```

Next, let's calculate bootstrap confidence intervales for the atom fraction excess estimations. 

```{r}
# calculating bootstrapped CI values
df_atomX_boot = qSIP_bootstrap(atomX, n_boot=100)
df_atomX_boot %>% head(n=4)
```


# delta_BD

Now for delta_BD. The setup is easier because we are not using qPCR data, just relative abundances from 16S rRNA sequence data.

```{r}
df_dBD = delta_BD(physeq_rep3, control_expr='Treatment=="12C-Con"')
df_dBD %>% head(n=4)
```


# Comparing results

Let's plot the data and compare all of the results. First, let's join all of the data into one table for plotting. We'll also format it for plotting. 

```{r}
# checking & joining data 
stopifnot(nrow(df_atomX_boot) == nrow(df_dBD))
df_j = dplyr::inner_join(df_atomX_boot, df_dBD, c('OTU'='OTU'))
stopifnot(nrow(df_atomX_boot) == nrow(df_j))

# formatting data for plotting
df_j = df_j %>%
  dplyr::mutate(OTU = reorder(OTU, -delta_BD))
```

OK. Time to plot!

```{r, fig.height=3, fig.width=7}
# plotting BD shift (Z)
ggplot(df_j, aes(OTU)) +
  geom_point(aes(y=Z), color='blue') +
  geom_point(aes(y=delta_BD), color='red') +
  geom_hline(yintercept=0, linetype='dashed', alpha=0.5) +
  labs(x='OTU', y='BD shift (Z)') +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(
    axis.text.x = element_blank()
  )
```

In the figure, red points are delta_BD and blue points are q-SIP. It's easy to see that delta_BD is a lot more variable than q-SIP. This is likely due to a high influence of compositional data artifacts on delta_BD versus q-SIP.

Let's make a boxplot to show the difference in estimation variance between the two methods.

```{r, fig.height=3, fig.width=3}
# plotting BD shift (Z): boxplots

## formatting the table
df_j_g = df_j %>%
  dplyr::select(OTU, Z, delta_BD) %>%
  tidyr::gather(Method, BD_shift, Z, delta_BD)

## plotting 
ggplot(df_j_g, aes(Method, BD_shift)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  geom_hline(yintercept=0, linetype='dashed', alpha=0.5) +
  labs(x='Method', y='BD shift (Z)') +
  theme_bw() 
```

The boxplot helps to summarize how much more variance delta_BD produces versus q-SIP.

# Session info

```{r}
sessionInfo()
```
