# The meanings of flags and codes

#### Steffi LaZerte

#### 2020-02-04

## What are flags/codes

The data output of the `weather_dl()` function include corresponding `_flag` columns for each data column. These columns are used by ECCC to add notes regarding measurements.

Similarly, the data output of the `normals_dl()` function include corresponding `_code` columns. These columns are used by ECCC to add notes regarding the amount of data used to calculate the normals.

### Flags

In the `weather_dl()` function if `format = TRUE` (the default), data corresponding to flags `M`, `NA`, `[empty]` and `L` are all replaced with `NA`.

For example, a sample of unformatted data from Magog station in Quebec looks like:

    ## # A tibble: 12 x 6
    ##    station_name `Date/Time` `Total Precip (m… `Total Precip Fl… `Snow Grnd Last D… `Snow Grnd Last …
    ##    <chr>        <chr>       <chr>             <chr>             <chr>              <chr>
    ##  1 MAGOG        2017-03     30.4              "^"               ""                 "M"
    ##  2 MAGOG        2017-04     114.0             "^"               "0"                ""
    ##  3 MAGOG        2017-05     78.8              "^"               "0"                ""
    ##  4 MAGOG        2017-06     140.7             "^"               "0"                ""
    ##  5 MAGOG        2017-07     80.7              ""                "0"                ""
    ##  6 MAGOG        2017-08     135.8             ""                "0"                ""
    ##  7 MAGOG        2017-09     63.0              "^"               "0"                ""
    ##  8 MAGOG        2017-10     140.8             "^"               "0"                ""
    ##  9 MAGOG        2017-11     70.0              "^"               "0"                ""
    ## 10 MAGOG        2017-12     45.7              "^"               "10"               ""
    ## 11 MAGOG        2018-01     34.6              "^"               "2"                ""
    ## 12 MAGOG        2018-02     77.2              "^"               "0"                ""

In this output, you can see two flags: `^` in `Total Precip` and `M` in `Snow Grnd Last Day`

This same sample, formatted looks like:

    ## # A tibble: 12 x 5
    ##    date       total_precip total_precip_flag snow_grnd_last_day snow_grnd_last_day_flag
    ##    <date>            <dbl> <chr>                          <dbl> <chr>
    ##  1 2017-03-01         30.4 "^"                               NA "M"
    ##  2 2017-04-01        114   "^"                                0 ""
    ##  3 2017-05-01         78.8 "^"                                0 ""
    ##  4 2017-06-01        141.  "^"                                0 ""
    ##  5 2017-07-01         80.7 ""                                 0 ""
    ##  6 2017-08-01        136.  ""                                 0 ""
    ##  7 2017-09-01         63   "^"                                0 ""
    ##  8 2017-10-01        141.  "^"                                0 ""
    ##  9 2017-11-01         70   "^"                                0 ""
    ## 10 2017-12-01         45.7 "^"                               10 ""
    ## 11 2018-01-01         34.6 "^"                                2 ""
    ## 12 2018-02-01         77.2 "^"                                0 ""

As you can see, we still have the two flags, but the missing data flag (`M`) is now replaced with NA. The other flag `^` is not, as it indicates that “The value displayed is based on incomplete data” (see below).

### Flags - Weather Data

The flags index can be accessed through the built in data frame: `flags`

code | meaning
--- | ---
[empty] | No data available
† | Data that is not subject to review by the National Climate Archives
^ | The value displayed is based on incomplete data
A | Accumulated
B | More than one occurrence and estimated
C | Precipitation occurred, amount uncertain
E | Estimated
F | Accumulated and estimated
L | Precipitation may or may not have occurred
M | Missing
N | Temperature missing but known to be > 0
S | More than one occurrence
T | Trace
Y | Temperature missing but known to be < 0
NA | Not Available

### Codes

In the `normals_dl`() function, codes are associated with each variable:

    ## # A tibble: 13 x 7
    ##    period temp_daily_aver… temp_daily_aver… temp_daily_max temp_daily_max_… temp_daily_min
    ##    <fct>             <dbl> <chr>                     <dbl> <chr>                     <dbl>
    ##  1 Jan               -16.6 A                         -11.1 A                         -21.9
    ##  2 Feb               -13.6 A                          -8.1 A                         -19
    ##  3 Mar                -6.2 A                          -1   A                         -11.4
    ##  4 Apr                 4   A                          10.5 A                          -2.6
    ##  5 May                10.6 A                          17.8 A                           3.4
    ##  6 Jun                15.9 A                          22.4 A                           9.3
    ##  7 Jul                18.5 A                          25.2 A                          11.7
    ##  8 Aug                17.7 A                          24.9 A                          10.4
    ##  9 Sep                11.8 A                          18.9 A                           4.7
    ## 10 Oct                 4.1 A                          10.4 A                          -2.2
    ## 11 Nov                -5.6 A                          -0.5 A                         -10.6
    ## 12 Dec               -14   A                          -9   A                         -19
    ## 13 Year                2.2 A                           8.4 A                          -3.9
    ## # … with 1 more variable: temp_daily_min_code <chr>

For example, here, the code indicates that these temperature variables meet the WMO ‘3 and 5 rule’ (no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation).

### Codes - Climate Normals

The codes index for climate normals can be accessed through the built-in data frame: `codes`

code | meaning
--- | ---
A | WMO ‘3 and 5 rule’ (i.e. no more than 3 consecutive and no more than 5 total missing for either temperature or precipitation)
B | At least 25 years
C | At least 20 years
D | At least 15 years