# Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling

## Documentation for package ‘raster’ version 3.4-5

- DESCRIPTION file.
- Package NEWS.

## Help Pages

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z misc

raster-package | Overview of the functions in the raster package

## -- A --

addLayer | Add or drop a layer
addLayer-method | Add or drop a layer
adjacent | Adjacent cells
adjacent-method | Adjacent cells
aggregate | Aggregate raster cells or SpatialPolygons/Lines
aggregate-method | Aggregate raster cells or SpatialPolygons/Lines
alignExtent | Align an extent (object of class Extent)
all.equal-method | Compare Raster objects
animate | Animate layers of a Raster* object
animate-method | Animate layers of a Raster* object
approxNA | Estimate values for cell values that are 'NA' by interpolating between layers
approxNA-method | Estimate values for cell values that are 'NA' by interpolating between layers
area | Size of cells
area-method | Size of cells
Arith-method | Arithmetic with Raster* objects
Arith-methods | Arithmetic with Raster* objects
as.array | Get a vector, matrix, or array with raster cell values
as.array-method | Get a vector, matrix, or array with raster cell values
as.character | Character representation of a Raster or Extent object
as.character-method | Character representation of a Raster or Extent object
as.character-method | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
as.data.frame | Get a data.frame with raster cell values, or coerce SpatialPolygons, Lines, or Points to a data.frame
as.data.frame-method | Get a data.frame with raster cell values, or coerce SpatialPolygons, Lines, or Points to a data.frame
as.factor | Factors
as.factor-method | Factors
as.integer-method | Change cell values to logical or integer values
as.list-method | Create a list of RasterLayer objects
as.logical-method | Change cell values to logical or integer values
as.matrix | Get a vector, matrix, or array with raster cell values
as.matrix-method | Get a vector, matrix, or array with raster cell values
as.raster | Coerce to a 'raster' object
as.raster-method | Coerce to a 'raster' object
as.vector | Get a vector, matrix, or array with raster cell values
as.vector-method | Get a vector, matrix, or array with raster cell values
asFactor | Factors
asFactor-method | Factors
atan2 | Two argument arc-tangent
atan2-method | Two argument arc-tangent

## -- B --

bandnr | Number of bands
bandnr-method | Number of bands
barplot | Bar plot of a RasterLayer
barplot-method | Bar plot of a RasterLayer
BasicRaster-class | Raster* classes
bbox-method | Extent
beginCluster | Use a multi-core cluster
bind | Bind Spatial* objects
bind-method | Bind Spatial* objects
blockSize | Block size for writing files
boundaries | boundaries (edges) detection
boundaries-method | boundaries (edges) detection
boxplot | Box plot of Raster objects
boxplot-method | Box plot of Raster objects
brick | Create a RasterBrick object
brick-method | Create a RasterBrick object
buffer | buffer
buffer-method | buffer

## -- C --

calc | Calculate
calc-method | Calculate
canProcessInMemory | Helper functions for programming
ccodes | Get geographic data
ceiling-method | Integer values
ceiling-method | round Extent coordinates
cellFromCol | Get cell, row, or column number
cellFromLine | Get cell, row, or column number
cellFromPolygon | Get cell, row, or column number
cellFromRow | Get cell, row, or column number
cellFromRowCol | Get cell, row, or column number
cellFromRowCol-method | Get cell, row, or column number
cellFromRowColCombine | Get cell, row, or column number
cellFromRowColCombine-method | Get cell, row, or column number
cellFromXY | Get cell, row, or column number
cellFromXY-method | Get cell, row, or column number
cellsFromExtent | Cells from extent, and vice versa
cellStats | Statistics across cells
cellStats-method | Statistics across cells
clamp | Clamp values
clamp-method | Clamp values
clearValues | Clear values
click | Query by clicking on a map
click-method | Query by clicking on a map
clump | Detect clumps
clump-method | Detect clumps
clusterR | Use a multi-core cluster
colFromCell | Row or column number from a cell number
colFromCell-method | Row or column number from a cell number
colFromX | Get cell, row, or column number
colFromX-method | Get cell, row, or column number
colortable | colortable
colortable<- | colortable
colSums | rowSums and colSums for Raster objects
colSums-method | rowSums and colSums for Raster objects
Compare-method | Compare Raster* objects
Compare-methods | Compare Raster* objects
compareCRS | Partially compare two CRS objects
compareRaster | Compare Raster objects
contour | Contour plot
contour-method | Contour plot
coordinates | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number
coordinates-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number
corLocal | Local correlation coefficient
corLocal-method | Local correlation coefficient
couldBeLonLat | Is this longitude/latitude data?
couldBeLonLat-method | Is this longitude/latitude data?
cover | Replace NA values with values of other layers
cover-method | Replace NA values with values of other layers
crop | Crop
crop-method | Crop
crosstab | Cross-tabulate
crosstab-method | Cross-tabulate
crs | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
crs-method | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
crs<- | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
crs<--method | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
cut | Convert values to classes
cut-method | Convert values to classes
cv | Coefficient of variation
cv-method | Coefficient of variation

## -- D --

dataSigned | Raster file properties
dataSize | Raster file properties
dataType | Data type
dataType<- | Data type
density | Density plot
density-method | Density plot
deratify | Factors
dim | Dimensions of a Raster* object
dim-method | Dimensions of a Raster* object
dim<--method | Dimensions of a Raster* object
direction | Direction
direction-method | Direction
disaggregate | Disaggregate
disaggregate-method | Disaggregate
distance | Distance
distance-method | Distance
distanceFromPoints | Distance from points
drawExtent | Create an Extent object by drawing on a map
drawLine | Draw a line or polygon
drawPoly | Draw a line or polygon
dropLayer | Add or drop a layer
dropLayer-method | Add or drop a layer

## -- E --

endCluster | Use a multi-core cluster
erase | Erase parts of a SpatialPolygons* or SpatialLines* object. The inverse of this can be done with 'intersect'
erase-method | Erase parts of a SpatialPolygons* or SpatialLines* object. The inverse of this can be done with 'intersect'
extend | Extend
extend-method | Extend
extension | Filename extensions
extension<- | Filename extensions
Extent | Class "Extent"
extent | Extent
Extent-class | Class "Extent"
extent-method | Extent
extent<- | Set the extent of a RasterLayer
extentFromCells | Cells from extent, and vice versa
extract | Extract values from Raster objects
extract-method | Extract values from Raster objects

## -- F --

factorValues | Factors
filename | Filename
filledContour | Filled contour plot
flip | Flip
flip-method | Flip
floor-method | Integer values
floor-method | round Extent coordinates
flowPath | Flow path
focal | Focal values
focal-method | Focal values
focalWeight | Focal weights matrix
fourCellsFromXY | Get cell, row, or column number
freq | Frequency table
freq-method | Frequency table
fromDisk | Are values in memory and/or on disk?

## -- G --

gain | Gain and offset of values on file
gain<- | Gain and offset of values on file
Geary | Spatial autocorrelation
GearyLocal | Spatial autocorrelation
geom | Get the coordinates of a vector type Spatial* object
geom-method | Get the coordinates of a vector type Spatial* object
getCluster | Helper functions for programming
getData | Get geographic data
getValues | Get raster cell values
getValues-method | Get raster cell values
getValuesBlock | Get a block of raster cell values
getValuesBlock-method | Get a block of raster cell values
getValuesFocal | Get focal raster cell values
getValuesFocal-method | Get focal raster cell values
getZ | Get or set z-values
gridDistance | Distance on a grid
gridDistance-method | Distance on a grid

## -- H --

hasValues | Are values in memory and/or on disk?
hasValues-method | Are values in memory and/or on disk?
hdr | Header files
head | Show the head or tail of a Raster* object
head-method | Show the head or tail of a Raster* object
hillShade | Hill shading
hist | Histogram
hist-method | Histogram

## -- I --

image | Image
image-method | Image
init | Initialize a Raster object with values
init-method | Initialize a Raster object with values
inMemory | Are values in memory and/or on disk?
interpolate | Interpolate
interpolate-method | Interpolate
intersect | Intersect
intersect-method | Intersect
is.factor | Factors
is.factor-method | Factors
is.finite-method | Logical operators and functions
is.infinite-method | Logical operators and functions
is.na-method | Logical operators and functions
is.na-method | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
is.nan-method | Logical operators and functions
isLonLat | Is this longitude/latitude data?
isLonLat-method | Is this longitude/latitude data?

## -- K --

KML | Write a KML or KMZ file
KML-method | Write a KML or KMZ file

## -- L --

labels-method | Names of raster layers
layerize | Layerize
layerize-method | Layerize
layerStats | Correlation and (weighted) covariance
length-method | Number or rows, columns, and cells of a Raster* object
levels | Factors
levels-method | Factors
levels<- | Factors
levels<--method | Factors
lines-method | Plot a Raster* object
lines-method | Use spplot to plot a Raster* or other object
localFun | Local functions
localFun-method | Local functions
log-method | Mathematical functions
Logic-method | Logical operators and functions
Logic-methods | Logical operators and functions

## -- M --

mask | Mask values in a Raster object
mask-method | Mask values in a Raster object
match | Value matching for Raster* objects
match-method | Value matching for Raster* objects
Math-method | Mathematical functions
Math-methods | Mathematical functions
Math2-method | Mathematical functions
maxValue | Minimum and maximum values
maxValue-method | Minimum and maximum values
mean-method | Summary methods
median-method | Summary methods
merge | Merge Raster* objects
merge-method | Merge Raster* objects
metadata | Metadata
metadata<- | Metadata
minValue | Minimum and maximum values
minValue-method | Minimum and maximum values
modal | modal value
modal-method | modal value
Moran | Spatial autocorrelation
MoranLocal | Spatial autocorrelation
mosaic | Merge Raster* objects using a function for overlapping areas
mosaic-method | Merge Raster* objects using a function for overlapping areas
movingFun | Moving functions

## -- N --

names | Names of raster layers
names-method | Names of raster layers
names<- | Names of raster layers
names<--method | Names of raster layers
NAvalue | Set the NA value of a RasterLayer
NAvalue<- | Set the NA value of a RasterLayer
nbands | Number of bands
ncell | Number or rows, columns, and cells of a Raster* object
ncell-method | Number or rows, columns, and cells of a Raster* object
ncol | Number or rows, columns, and cells of a Raster* object
ncol-method | Number or rows, columns, and cells of a Raster* object
ncol<- | Number or rows, columns, and cells of a Raster* object
ncol<--method | Number or rows, columns, and cells of a Raster* object
nlayers | Number of layers
nlayers-method | Number of layers
nrow | Number or rows, columns, and cells of a Raster* object
nrow-method | Number or rows, columns, and cells of a Raster* object
nrow<- | Number or rows, columns, and cells of a Raster* object
nrow<--method | Number or rows, columns, and cells of a Raster* object

## -- O --

offs | Gain and offset of values on file
offs<- | Gain and offset of values on file
origin | Origin
origin-method | Origin
origin<- | Origin
origin<--method | Origin
overlay | Overlay Raster objects
overlay-method | Overlay Raster objects

## -- P --

pairs | Pairs plot (matrix of scatterplots)
pairs-method | Pairs plot (matrix of scatterplots)
pbClose | Helper functions for programming
pbCreate | Helper functions for programming
pbStep | Helper functions for programming
persp | Perspective plot
persp-method | Perspective plot
plot | Plot a Raster* object
plot-method | Plot a Raster* object
plotRGB | Red-Green-Blue plot of a multi-layered Raster object
plotRGB-method | Red-Green-Blue plot of a multi-layered Raster object
pointDistance | Distance between points
predict | Spatial model predictions
predict-method | Spatial model predictions
print-method | Raster* classes
proj4string | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
proj4string<- | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
projectExtent | Project a Raster object
projection | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
projection<- | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
projectRaster | Project a Raster object

## -- Q --

quantile | Raster quantiles
quantile-method | Raster quantiles

## -- R --

raster | Create a RasterLayer object
Raster-class | Raster* classes
raster-method | Create a RasterLayer object
RasterBrick-class | Raster* classes
rasterFromCells | Subset a raster by cell numbers
rasterFromXYZ | Create a Raster* object from x, y, z values
rasterize | Rasterize points, lines, or polygons
rasterize-method | Rasterize points, lines, or polygons
RasterLayer-class | Raster* classes
RasterLayerSparse-class | Raster* classes
rasterOptions | Global options for the raster package
RasterStack-class | Raster* classes
RasterStackBrick-class | Raster* classes
rasterTmpFile | Temporary files
rasterToContour | Raster to contour lines conversion
rasterToPoints | Raster to points conversion
rasterToPolygons | Raster to polygons conversion
ratify | Factors
ratify-method | Factors
Rcpp_SpExtent-class | Rcpp classes
Rcpp_SpPoly-class | Rcpp classes
Rcpp_SpPolygons-class | Rcpp classes
Rcpp_SpPolyPart-class | Rcpp classes
readAll | Read values from disk
readAll-method | Read values from disk
readIniFile | Read a .ini file
readStart | Helper functions for programming
readStart-method | Helper functions for programming
readStop | Helper functions for programming
readStop-method | Helper functions for programming
reclassify | Reclassify
reclassify-method | Reclassify
rectify | rectify a Raster object
rectify-method | rectify a Raster object
removeTmpFiles | Temporary files
res | Resolution
res-method | Resolution
res<- | Resolution
res<--method | Resolution
resample | Resample a Raster object
resample-method | Resample a Raster object
returnCluster | Helper functions for programming
RGB | Create a Red-Green-Blue Raster object
RGB-method | Create a Red-Green-Blue Raster object
rotate | Rotate
rotate-method | Rotate
rotated | Do the raster cells have a rotation?
round-method | Integer values
rowColFromCell | Row or column number from a cell number
rowColFromCell-method | Row or column number from a cell number
rowFromCell | Row or column number from a cell number
rowFromCell-method | Row or column number from a cell number
rowFromY | Get cell, row, or column number
rowFromY-method | Get cell, row, or column number
rowSums | rowSums and colSums for Raster objects
rowSums-method | rowSums and colSums for Raster objects

## -- S --

sampleInt | Sample integer values
sampleRandom | Random sample
sampleRandom-method | Random sample
sampleRegular | Regular sample
sampleRegular-method | Regular sample
sampleStratified | Stratified random sample
sampleStratified-method | Stratified random sample
scale | Scale values
scale-method | Scale values
scalebar | scalebar
select | Geometric subsetting
select-method | Geometric subsetting
setExtent | Set the extent of a RasterLayer
setMinMax | Compute min and max values
setMinMax-method | Compute min and max values
setValues | Set values of a Raster object
setValues-method | Set values of a Raster object
setZ | Get or set z-values
shapefile | Read or write a shapefile
shapefile-method | Read or write a shapefile
shift | Shift
shift-method | Shift
show-method | Class "Extent"
show-method | Raster* classes
showTmpFiles | Temporary files
slopeAspect | Slope and aspect
SpatialVector-class | Raster* classes
SpExtent | Rcpp classes
spLines | Create SpatialLines* or SpatialPolygons*
spplot | Use spplot to plot a Raster* or other object
spplot-method | Use spplot to plot a Raster* or other object
SpPoly | Rcpp classes
SpPoly-class | Rcpp classes
SpPolygons | Rcpp classes
spPolygons | Create SpatialLines* or SpatialPolygons*
SpPolygons-class | Rcpp classes
SpPolyPart | Rcpp classes
SpPolyPart-class | Rcpp classes
stack | Create a RasterStack object
stack-method | Create a RasterStack object
stackApply | Apply a function on subsets of a RasterStack or RasterBrick
stackOpen | Save or open a RasterStack file
stackSave | Save or open a RasterStack file
stackSelect | Select cell values from a multi-layer Raster* object
stackSelect-method | Select cell values from a multi-layer Raster* object
stretch | Stretch
stretch-method | Stretch
subs | Substitute values in a Raster* object
subs-method | Substitute values in a Raster* object
subset | Subset layers in a Raster* object
subset-method | Subset layers in a Raster* object
Summary-method | Summary methods
summary-method | Summary
Summary-methods | Summary methods
symdif | Symetrical difference
symdif-method | Symetrical difference

## -- T --

t | Transpose
t-method | Transpose
tail | Show the head or tail of a Raster* object
tail-method | Show the head or tail of a Raster* object
terrain | Terrain characteristics
terrain-method | Terrain characteristics
text | Add labels to a map
text-method | Add labels to a map
tmpDir | Global options for the raster package
trim | Trim
trim-method | Trim
trunc-method | Integer values

## -- U --

union | Union Extent or SpatialPolygons* objects
union-method | Union Extent or SpatialPolygons* objects
unique | Unique values
unique-method | Unique values
unstack | Unstack
unstack-method | Unstack
update | Update raster cells of files (on disk)
update-method | Update raster cells of files (on disk)

## -- V --

validCell | Validity of a cell, column or row number
validCol | Validity of a cell, column or row number
validNames | Create valid names
validRow | Validity of a cell, column or row number
values | Get raster cell values
values-method | Get raster cell values
values<- | Set values of a Raster object
values<--method | Set values of a Raster object
VectorLayer-class | Raster* classes

## -- W --

weighted.mean | Weighted mean of rasters
weighted.mean-method | Weighted mean of rasters
Which | Which cells are TRUE?
Which-method | Which cells are TRUE?
which.max | Where is the min or max value?
which.max-method | Where is the min or max value?
which.min | Where is the min or max value?
which.min-method | Where is the min or max value?
whiches.max | Where is the min or max value?
whiches.max-method | Where is the min or max value?
whiches.min | Where is the min or max value?
whiches.min-method | Where is the min or max value?
wkt | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
wkt-method | Get or set a coordinate reference system (projection)
writeFormats | File types for writing
writeRaster | Write raster data to a file
writeRaster-method | Write raster data to a file
writeStart | Write values to a file
writeStart-method | Write values to a file
writeStop | Write values to a file
writeStop-method | Write values to a file
writeValues | Write values to a file
writeValues-method | Write values to a file

## -- X --

xFromCell | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number
xFromCell-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number
xFromCol | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number
xFromCol-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number
xmax | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
xmax-method | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
xmax<- | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
xmax<--method | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
xmin | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
xmin-method | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
xmin<- | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
xmin<--method | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
xres | Resolution
xres-method | Resolution
xyFromCell | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number
xyFromCell-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number

## -- Y --

yFromCell | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number
yFromCell-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number
yFromRow | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number
yFromRow-method | Coordinates from a row, column or cell number
ymax | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
ymax-method | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
ymax<- | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
ymax<--method | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
ymin | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
ymin-method | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
ymin<- | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
ymin<--method | Coordinates of the Extent of a Raster object
yres | Resolution
yres-method | Resolution

## -- Z --

zApply | z (time) apply
zonal | Zonal statistics
zonal-method | Zonal statistics
zoom | Zoom in on a map
zoom-method | Zoom in on a map

## -- misc --

!-method | Logical operators and functions
!=-method | Compare Raster* objects
$-method | Replace cell values or layers of a Raster* object
$<--method | Replace cell values or layers of a Raster* object
%in% | Value matching for Raster* objects
%in%-method | Value matching for Raster* objects
*-method | Arithmetic with Raster* objects
+-method | Arithmetic with Raster* objects
--method | Arithmetic with Raster* objects
==-method | Compare Raster* objects
[-method | Indexing to extract values of a Raster* object
[<--method | Replace cell values or layers of a Raster* object
[[-method | Indexing to extract values of a Raster* object
[[<--method | Replace cell values or layers of a Raster* object